gerj- to blaze up, take fire; be induced (of an electrical current); to kindle, heat etc.; haragra gerjed fly into a rage {where harag anger} /Hungarian

kára, kár, guru₆ to shine, illuminate, to be bright [jh]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 60 #1> [oi4]

kere to prepare charcoal, to carry out the process by which charcoal is made (Santali.lex.) [sk]

*giola ( ~ -l/-, *gi_alo) to burn, fire /Altaic [ss]

*giu:l/o ( ~ -e) to smoke, fume /Altaic [ss]

gar (C) flame

kerj- to warm oneself by the fire; kercip- (kercit-) to warm somebody else (Parji); re_s- to warm by the fire (aphaeresis of k-)(Kond.a); grehpa (greht-) to warm, warm by the fire, broil, foment; n. act of warming by the fire, fomentation (Kui); ke_r.njali to warm oneself in the sun; krenj- (-it-) to warm oneself; kreh- (krest-) to warm another (Kuwi)(DEDR 1967).[sk]

karw-, karv-, kar-, kar.- to burn; karv-, karsahta_na_, kar.ih- to burn; kar.ha field fit for burning cultivation (Gondi) [sk]

Classical Greek [lsj1]

horoguvec "got angry" /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} (Modern, haragudott) [gzb1]

harag anger, bad feelings; harag-szik to be cross; to be angry /Hungarian

gar arrogant, disdainful, haughty, presumptuous /Hungarian
garázda wild, savage; garázd-álkodás brawling; riot; havoc /Hungarian
goromba rough, raw, rude /Hungarian < har-ag, hara-mia bandit

gir₁₀, gi₉, ge₉ anger, fury; kúr hostile, belligerent [jh]

harikka hostile [oi2]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 79 #1> [oi4]

horiri enemy /Moriori [mor]
hara, mahie crime /Mäori [ng]

kala jhagr.a, kala jhogr. to quarrel, to wrangle; kharhia kharhi to quarrel with each other; kharhiau to quarrel (Santali.lex.) [sk]

*ku:r.- wicked, cruel; rude /Dravidian [ss]

ku_r..a a vulgar, rude, stupid, useless, mean, or vile man; ku_r.., ku_ra fierce, cruel (Kannad.a); ku_l.a, khu_l.a bad, mean, cruel (Tulu); ku_l.a, ku_l.u~d.u a wicked man, a cruel man (Telugu)(DEDR 1913). [sk]

kahr anger, wrath /Brahui

cir-ukku (cir-ukki-) to be angry with; cer-u (-v-, -nt-) to hate, dislike, detest, be angry with; cer-r-am love-quarrel; cirar-r-u (cirar-r-i-) to be angry with /Tamil; cirv- (cirt-) id. /Kota; kir-k violent anger, madness; kir- tot.-. kir-k 0ot.- to become mad with anger (lit. anger strikes him); ker-n gwil.- to murmur in protest /Kota; ki_r-u to rage, burn with rage or great desire; keral. to become angry, begin to rage; keral.cu to enrage /Kannad.a; cir-r-a, cir-r-u anger, displeasure; cir-acir-a sullenness, ill-humour; cer-acer-al-a_d.u to be angry or furious; keralu to be angry or enraged /Telugu; kireni sullen, surly, out of temper /Kui; kire_ng abuse; kire_ng tining to abuse (Br.); kirk grudge, rancour /Bra_hui_ [sk]

kar-u (-pp-, -tt-) to resent, get angry with; n. rancour, vengeful enmity; kar-ukar-u (-pp-, -tt-) to rage; kar-utto_r enemies; kar-uppu anger, displeasure; kar-umu (kar-umi-) to show signs of anger, be enraged; kar-uvam anger; kar-uval sign of anger; kar-uvu (kar-uvi-) to exhibit signs of displeasure; to rankle, entertain malice, implacable hatred; n. anger, wrath; enmity, hostility, hatred /Tamil; kar-ukka to rage; kar-ukar-ukka id., be beside oneself; kar-ukar-e_ fiercely, intensely; kar-avu rage /Malayalam; kar- enmity, anger /Toda; kar-upu, kar-uhu envy; kar-ubu, kar-umbu to envy; n. envy; kar-uba an envious man; fem. kar-ubi; kar-ubatana the state of being an envious person, envy /Kannad.a; kar.vita_na_, kar.wita_na_ to envy /Gondi; ka_r.bi anger; kar.bigattasi a bad-tempered man (r. = r)(Kuwi); xar angry /Bra_hui_ [sk]

gordin raw, uncooked (C); obscene,offensive(B,G); cruel, ruthless(Z)

aharratu (L,LN,Z,U) to argue; to get angry
herra (L,LN,Z,U) hate, rancour, hatred
gorroto (C) hatred, rancour, ire, animosity

kör circular, circle, roundish /Hungarian
kör-ül around << Uralic *kere

görbe crooked, bent; görbít to bend, twist make crooked /Hungarian [k>g instead of k>x]

gúr to bow down [Chong]
gúr sphere, circle, hoop [ *k >g]

*kuar bend, droop, coil /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

*kur-Vn- to bend /Dravidian [ss]

kharva mutilated, maimed (Kannad.a.lex.) [sk]

kurkunchu hunchbacked; bumpy; humpy [q2]
kurkuy to bend; to stoop [q2]
kururuy to wind [q2]

gubitak loss; risk, damage; waste; leakage, escape; deficit; gubiti to lose, forfeit /Serbo-Croatian

kevés little; few /Hungarian
keves-en few; keves-bedni, -bíteni to diminish; decrease /Hungarian
keves-elni to think that smthng is too little or not much /Hungarian

hupa "little, soon-to-be-consumed" /Finnish

kuwo (n) scarcity /Mandinka [pc1]

xeeb to underestimate, underrate /Wollof [pc2]
xeebante to underestimate each other, underrate /Wollof [pc2]

gb deficiency, deprivation /Old Egyptian [oi4]

*ki_a/bi vacant, empty /Altaic [ss]

-gabe (C) suffix meaning "lack of"
-kabe suffix meaning "privation, lack"

*qąv- narrow (узкий), congested, tight (тесный) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN797]

koboksi to be short (in length, time, distance) /Alabama [tm]
koboksichi to shorten something /Alabam [tm]

Italic (?)

(1) Indo-Iranian

(2) Indo-Iranian

göd-ör ditch, pit; göd-röcske dimple; göd-rös full of holes /Hungarian

kút well /Hungarian

Cognate Set <Sasse (1979) , p. 16 #4> [oi4]

gad.a , gar.a `pit, trench, grave, water course, stream, river' /Munda; gad.a `hollow, pit, excavation, trench, river'; etc. /Santal [mw1]

kad.agu, kad.an:gu a small channel issuing from a larger one and leading water, e.g. to a plantain tree; a channel, a ditch, a trench (Kannad.a); kit.an:ku (Tamil); kid.ajju (Malayalam); kaya, kar..a a depth; a tank, a brook (Malayalam, Tamil) [sk]

kit.an:kar moat, ocean; kit.an:kil moat (Tamil); kit.an.n.u trench, ditch (Malayalam); kad.an:gi deep ditch without water (Kod.agu)(DEDR 1526). [sk]

kut.t.am depth, pond (Tamil); gut.a pit, hollow in the ground (Kond.a); kut.t. a large pit (Kui); kod.e to hollow, to excavate (Kannad.a); kut.ai (Tamil) [sk]

kád tub; vat, tun /Hungarian

Cognate Set <Cohen (1947) , #226> [oi4]

*k.w@>dV a big vessel, jar /North Caucasian [ss]

*ky:t.V a k. of vessel /North Caucasian [ss]

*ku">dwV basket, receptacle /North Caucasian [ss]

*ku\d.- pot, bowl /Darividian [ss]

*kije (PF-U) [Chong]

uji a worm, grub, maggot, larva /Japanese

gaso "worm" is part of the Iberian substratum defined by linguists [cb5]

gaz- evil; gaz-ember villain /Hungarian

haz-ud to lie; haz-ug lying, untrue, false, liar /Hungarian

huš terrible,wild,angry; guz, huz to gnash the teeth, to bare the teeth [jh]

gat (n.) a lie, anus, ass /Wollof [pc2]
kaaci (n.) a lie /Wollof [pc2]

kosunke to tell lies [sm]

*k`iuse bad behaviour /Altaic [ss]

*ki_oc^i nasty /Altaic [ss]

gezur (C), guzur (B) lie, falsehood
gezur-beltz (G) n. calumny, slander, libel (lit. black lie)

pusi to become or prove untrue, lie; bear no fruit, not to attain ripeness; falsehood, lie, hypocricy, idle prattle, bearing no fruit; pusiga liar (Kannad.a); hus'i a lie, falsehood (Tulu); busa_na_ to lie (Gondi); pu_sa_ lie; pu_sa_-ka_t.anji liar (Kui); pussowi, pu_so_vi cheating, pretending (Kuwi); pasyare liar; pasyetre to tell lies; paslaha liar; false; pasadeye to accuse falsely (Malto) [sk]

*kac- angry, hostile /Dravidian [ss]

gaz- weed /Hungarian
geszt 1) a tree trunk's darker, inner core; 2) grove /Hungarian

gúzs withe; guzsaly distaff /Hungarian

geš, giš, ngeš, ngiš tree; wood; etc.
geš-tin tree of life, grape vine

gwz#2 N gwz) /Aramaic [cal]

gwz( N gwz() /Aramaic [cal]

*gàči (~ *gèča) branch, bough /Altaic [ss]

aĝaç branch, tree, wood /Turkish [listed under ács carpenter in Chong]

gezuraga brambly place {derived from gezur "lie" + -aga "abundance of"}

*Goz|V green colour; dirt /North Caucasian [ss]

kasa, kasavu rubbish, sweepings, weed (Kannad.a) (DEDR 1088) [sk]

*kVc'e, *kVn'c'e urine (Proto Uralic) // *kunc'e urine (Proto FU) [Chong]

? qašan urine (Old Turkic); ka$an urine (Turkish) [Chong]

udzˆihi bladder (Ewen); udzˆik bladder (Ewenki); xudzˆun anus (Nanay) [Chong]

*kVdzˆV urine (Proto-Tungusic) [Chong]

*hąttą-t urine (моча ) < **thąthąt /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN329]

*thił, *this " /Proto Itelmen [ss;PN155]

cosmal rubbish, refuse of meat, etc. /Gaelic [mcb]
gusgul refuse, dirt, idle words, roaring /Gaelic [mcb]

kos dirt; eczema, leprosy; moss, seaweed /Old Armenian - Dorosmai [Chong]

gâzê rubbish, trash, gâzês excrement /Prussian [lp]

Hungarian kosz is of unknown origin [Chong]

*kuŝu 1 touchwood 2 dandruff, soot /Tungus [ss]

*ku\sy\- odorous /Korean [ss]

*ku\sa\- foul, stinking /Japanese [ss]

gäz dirt; gäzlemek to get dirty /Turkmen [glnp]

kasu dregs /Old Japanese [ss]
kaso dregs; refuse; dross; kuso excrement
kuzu waste; rubbish; scum

*ĉVx|-ar rubble, quarry-stone /Nakh [ss]

*ĉul| (~ ĉol|w|) 1 urine 2 dung (of a horse, donkey) /Lezghian [ss]

ĉxir a pile of dry dung /Khinalug [ss]

*ĉ/@xw|@ 1 urinate 2 rain 3 hail /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

*k.uĉ.V dung (of small animals) /Andian [ss]

*k.[u]rĉ.(a) dung: 1 of small animals 2 of birds 3 of sheep /Lezghian [ss]

k.yĉ faeces; bird's excrements /Khinalug [ss]

*kac- uncleanness; dirt /South Dravidian [ss]

*kas- impurity, dirt, foulness, sin /Telugu [ss]

*kas-a: dirt on the body /North Dravidian [ss]

kusum 'mold, fungus, plant rust'
kusum taka 'moldy, having mold'
kusumer 'mold, covered with fungus'
kusumran 'become moldy' (cl.3)
kusumres 'cause to mold, allow to mold' (cl.2a)

Greek aia ground, motherland
Latin ăvus, -i grandfather, an ancestor
Common Celtic *avios (related to grandfather); > Old Irish aue, haue (grandson), Irish ó (grandson), Welsh ewythr (mother's brother), Cornish euitor, Breton eontr
Armenian hav, gen. havu grandfather
Common Germanic *awón-, *awé-, *awun-
Lithuanian ava mother's brother's wife, avynas mother's brother, Old Prussian awis
Common Slavic *ujï mother's brother

habati to wear out /Serbo-Croatian
obnosiť (sa) wear out /Slovak

*ebü-gen /Mongol
*epu /Tungus
*òp- /Korean [ss]

(1) Indo-Iranian

(2) Indo-Iranian

ajaa to drive /Vaddja [fv]
ajõttaa v to chase away (trans.) /Vaddja [fv]
ajõvaa v to chase (intr.) /Vaddja [fv]

haj-du cattle drover./Hungarian
haj-hász to hunt after to pursue sthn. /Hungarian
haj-sz-a hunt, chase, pursuit; haj-sz-ol to hunt, chase, pursue /Hungarian
haj-t to chase, drive, urge on, to press, push; to bow; to purge /Hungarian

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #153> [oi4]

*'ajta- to drive (cattle); pursue; hurry /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss]

y- (s-) to chase (Toda); oy (-v-, -nt-) to drag along (as a flood), launch (as a boat), send forth, give; oyyal forwarding, giving; uy (-pp-, -tt-) to carry, take away, lead, guide, send, discharge (as arrow), give (Tamil) [sk]

hąy- look for, hunt [y84]

Classical Armenian [cao]

(1) Indo-Iranian/Iranian [fjs]

(2) Indo-Iranian/Iranian [Cheung: 1756]

har-ács contribution, tax /Hungarian
harács-ol to loot, plunder, rob, steal /Hungarian

krg N krg) /Aramaic /[cal]

Biblical Aramaic. hala:x| a kind of tax [Cheung: 1756]

kar. to steal (Mand.a); xar.na_ to steal (Kur.ux); kal. to rob, steal, deceive; n. stealing, theft, robbery (Tamil); kal.kkuka to steal (Malayalam); kal.avu theft (Malayalam,Tamil); kal.v to steal (Kota); kal. to steal (Kod.agu); kal.l.a deceitful (Tulu); thief (Kannad.a); kalla falsehood, deceit (Telugu); kall to steal (Gondi); kalli mleha/mneha rogue, scoundrel (Kuwi); xalb theft (Kur.ux); qale to rob (Malto) [sk]

su_r-ekol. to rob, plunder. (Kannad.a); cu_rakonu to rob, plunder (Telugu); cu_r-ai robbery, dacoity, pillage (Tamil); su.r-y loot (Toda); su_r-e plundering, pillaging, ransacking, plunder, spoil (Kannad.a); su_re plundering, ransacking, pillaging (Tulu); cu_r-a plunder, loot (Telugu) [sk]

hotolm power /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} (Modern, hatalom) [gzb1]
hat extent of effect, power /Hungarian
-hat- allowed, able infix /Hungarian << Uralic *katte-
hat-ár limit; boundary; frontier /Hungarian
The area of the clan/nation settlements kat=house, kunte=clan, clan area in Uralic but also in Altaic.

kattan (n.) power, strength /Wollof [pc2]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #545> [oi4]

hadd border; boundary; bounds; rank, position; place /Brahui; haddu a limit, a border; the end or extremity of /Kannad.a; haddubastu settlement or demarcation of boundaries (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

ka_t.u border, limit; a measure = 4 an.aippu = more than 2 acres; burning-ghat, burial ground; place; tract of land; dry land; small village (Tamil.lex.) cf. kat.t.a bund of field (Kolami); gat.u (pl. gat.ku) bund (Kond.a); gat.t.u (pl. gat.ka) bund of field (Kuwi); gat.u boundary, end of field (Kuwi) [sk]

catir boundary, limit (Tamil); atir id. (Malayalam); adiri border (Kannad.a); adiru, aduru a limit, boundary wall (Tulu)(DEDR 2325). [sk]

hât great, large [y84]

hir maggot; caprice, whim, freak, crotchet, vagary, fancy /Serbo-Croatian

hernyó worm, caterpillar /Hungarian

kurt 1. wolf 2. worm, maggot /Turkish

har worm

*er- worm /Dravidian [ss]

холм (kholm), vozvyshenie hill /Russian; hylm; kup hill /Bulgar

hum hillock, hill /Serbo-Croatian

halom hill, hillock; heap, pile /Hungarian

glmh N /Aramaic [cal]

gōlem formless mass, unfinished thing < gālam to wrap up /Hebrew [ahd] ?

*x|a":l/V stack, haystack /North Caucasian [ss]

hrka snore, snoring; hrkati to snore /Serbo-Croatian

hor-kol to snore; to grunt /Hungarian (onomatopoetic)

horlama; horlamk snore /Turkish

kur-ukur-uppu, kur-ukur-uppai snoring, stertorous breathing (Tamil); kur-ukur-ukka to breathe with difficulty, the sound in the throat of a dying person (Mfa.); kur-ut.t.uka to grunt; kurkku a snore (Malayalam); gur-u, gur-u gur-u a sound in imitation of snoring or purring; gur-r-ugut.t.u to growl, snarl (as dogs, bears, tigers)(Ka.); gur-r-u gur-r-u sound of growling, snarling, etc.; gu_ru to snore (Kannad.a); gurane the snarling of a dog; guragut.t.uni, gurkut.t.uni to grunt ; gurru-korepuni to bark, growl, snore; gurku, gurkugurku roar of a tiger, grunting of a pig (Tulu); gur-r-umanu to snore, growl, snarl; kur-r-u to cry, yell, groan (Telugu); gurra_na_ to snore (Gondi); go_r to snore (Kond.a); d.ro_ka snore, snoring (Kui); dr.eki-ki_ali id. (Kuwi); gurra_rna_ to roar (as a tiger), snarl or growl fiercely, utter angry words or shouts of anger (Kur.ux) [sk]

ibrik can; pot /Hungarian

ebir ₍₂₎, epir ₍₂₎ small pot; beer mug [jh]

)bryq N )bryq) /Aramaic [cal]

ibrik a narrow-necked type of mug (Osman) [Chong]

ikra fish roe /Hungarian

has-ad tear,rend,crack; has-ít split; has-o-gat to split into fine strips; has-on-lo similar (things cut are identical at the cut) /Hungarian

fesz-e-get to pry, try to open; fesz-ít to stretch, expand, strain /Hungarian

haz, haš to break or cut off; to thresh grain [jh]

Cognate Set <Newman (1977) , #16> [oi4]

*piuĉa to tear, split, cut /Altaic [ss]

isigka crack, slit, chink /Kur.ux; isigna_ (isgya_) to open in long slits, chap, crack /Kur.ux; hisi to burst (as a jack fruit, a very tight jacket; to crack (as a wall, a cooking vessel) (Kannad.a lex.); pasuge, hasige, hasuge dividing, separating; division; part, portion, share; apportionment; arrangement, disposition /Kannad.a (Kannad.a lex.) hasige dividing etc.; division or sharing of the produce between the cultivator and landlord; hasige-pat.t.a a list or account of the division of the produce; hasige-mutsaddi a clerk who keeps the account of such division; hasige a toll (as of vegetable, grain) exacted by official personages from the vendors /Kannad.a [sk]

hisu acute, fine [az96]

Chorti [cw]

pici tiny, minute, small; pici-ke very tiny, small {see -ka, -ke diminutive suffix} /Hungarian

fioka > fiu boy /Hungarian
poika boy, son; pojo boy /Vaddja [fv]

*baga young, small /Mongolian [ss]

*ba\ka\- young /Japanese [ss]

Meaning "servant; groom" [ss]
pu 2 /Modern (Beijing) < buk /Middle Chinese < bo:k /Old Chinese
bō /Vietnamese

phrug, phrug-gu, phru child, a young one. /Tibetan; pauk young of animals; sprout. /Burmese [ss]

poki atariki eldest son; poki hagupotu youngest son; poki hágai adopted son. [anon]

*p:ac.V-j 1 small 2 kid 3 small sheep /Lezghian [ss]

pi_cca, pi_ccan what is small, dwarfish, immature /Malayalam; pi_cu shortness, smallness; picce shortness or deficiency in measure or weight /Kannad.a; pi_cilu thin, slender /Tulu; picca low, base, mean; short, deficient, false /Telugu; picin-a_r-i, picin-e_r-i miser; picin-i niggard; miserliness, niggardliness; picuku (picuki-) to be niggardly; picukku miserliness, niggardliness; picukkar mean-minded persons; picupicuttavan- niggard /Tamil; pis'ukku niggardliness; pis'ukkan niggard, miser /Malayalam; picci Mammon; pici parsimony, stinginess; stingy, miserly /Tulu; piccapat.t.u stinginess, miserliness; pisid.i, pisina_ri, pisini miserly, stingy; pisini-got.t.u miser; pikku to be miserly; pi_na_si stingy person /Telugu [sk]

? poco small, tiny, little /Spanish

pā'ka (1) calf, young; (2) simple /Sanskrit

{Hungarian /c/ sounds like /ts/ or /tz/}