Slavic and Magyar
Word List
ČO-DŽ
This page is now mostly in "English" alphabetical order.
čopor
herd, troop, pack; band, crowd, multitude, rabble; sabirati to collect, gather; assemble, rally, muster; accumulate; sabor parliament, congress, convention, synod; diet, assembly; sabrati to collect, gather; assemble, rally, accumulate; zbor meeting; assembly, gathering; convention /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European
Slavic
su'bero^ verb; 1st person singular present of <su'brati, -bero^, -bereshi> collect, gather; su'boru' noun; accusative singular masculine of <su'boru'> counsel, meeting /Old Church Slavonic [ocs]
čopor
herd, troop, pack; band, crowd, multitude, rabble;zbierať
, zberať collect; šprtať sa cram; zabaliť pack; zberba rabble /Slovak; sybranie assembly /Bulgar; sobirat' assemble, collect /RussianIndo-Iranian
Iranian
sabhya being in an assembly /Avestan [sk]
Indo-Aryan
sabhá 1) house or hall; 2) assembly, society /Sanskrit
Uralic
csopor-t group, team, gang << szapor-od to become many, to multiply /Hungarian
Explained by the F.U. dictionary by the fact that P and K sometimes interchange in Hungarian so that csoport comes from csokor a bunch, group which is FU *c'ukke-(re)
csap-at a team, a gang << csap-ni to strike, hit on /Hungarian
szapor-ít (v.t.) to increase, swell; propogate /Hungarian
szapor-od(ik) (v.i.) to multiply, increase, grow, spread /Hungarian
Interesting how these verb forms resemble the Slavic versions right down to the level of the Hungarian verb formative suffixes.
Yukaghir [emas]
sawa-se- 'share, divide'
sawa-rit'i- 'divide into multiple parts'
Sumerian
si,
su, sa, sa 5 to increase, fill up, etcAfro-Asiatic/Semitic
cwb (v.) /Aramaic [cal]
011 Syr to be congregated 012 Syr to come to 013 Syr % lmamlAkuw% to attain to rule 014 Syr %lwAt% to visit 015 Syr to come back 016 Syr to be prepared 021 Syr to congregate 022 Syr to lead 023 Syr to return 024 Syr to give 051 Syr to come to 052 Syr to be congregated 053 Syr to be found 054 Syr to be prepared
LS2 623
Altaic
*ĉ`abu army /Altaic [ss]
*ĉabul/ĉ military commander /Turkic [ss]
Old Turkic: ĉabuŝ, ĉavuŝ [ss]
Turkish: ĉavuŝ [ss]
Tatar: ĉovaŝ "Chuvash" ( < Chuv.) [ss]
Chuvash: > Mar. s/uwas/ "Tatar" [ss]
*ĉag|ur military raid /Mongolian [ss]
Middle Mongolian: ĉa'ur [ss]
*c^abu-ka army /Tungus [ss]
Negidal: ĉawxa [ss]
Manzhu: ĉo:x|a [ss]
Nanai: ĉaox|a [ss]
Ulcha: ĉau.x|a [ss]
Orok: ĉau.x|a [ss]
Zhurzhen: /ĉao-hah/ [ss]
*tupa- 1 armour, weapon(ry) 2 soldier /Japanese [ss]
Old Japanese: tupa-mono 1 [ss]
Tokyo: tsu\wamono 2 [ss]
Dravidian
capikar < sabhika members of an assembly /Tamil; capai < sabha_ assembly, meeting, congregation, society, association (Pin..)(Tamil lex.) sabbava an assembly, a gathering; mirth, jest, fun /Kannad.a; sabban.d.u a jumble, omnium gatherum (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]
Mayan
Chorti [cw]
sib 'swelling, puffing up, increasing'
sibi 'increase, expand a thing' (cl.1)
sibih 'swell up, become bloated, become pregnant, increase' (cl.3)
sibir 'increased, swollen, pregnant'
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soba room, appartment, chamber; ward; closet /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-European
Celtic
sabhal a barn /Gaelic, so Irish, Middle Irish saball, Irish Latin zabulum; through Brittonic from Latin stabulum, a stall, English stable. Cf. Middle Irish stéferus = zephyr. [from mcb]
saobhaidh den of a wild beast, fox's den /Gaelic [mcb gives no etymology]
Slavic
izba room, chamber; apartment; closet; cell; ward; soba room, appartment, chamber; ward; closet /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
sabhá 1) house or hall; 2) assembly, society /Sanskrit
Uralic
pat
cover, roof, wall made of wicker /Uralicszoba room, chamber /Hungarian
azu (archaic) abode /Hungarian
Sumerian
asa
cage; bàd wallAltaic/Tungus
asu net, trap /Manchu [as]
čorda
herd, drove /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1]
sullog-ê, hê, 1. gathering, collecting 2. raising, levying of soldiers 3. summary, collection of instances
Germanic/English
serried (adj.) pressed or crowded together, especially in rows: troops in serried ranks [ahd]
Past participle of obsolete serry, to close ranks, from French serré, past participle of serrer, to crowd, fasten [ahd]
Slavic
čorda
herd, drove /Serbo-CroatianIndo-Iranian
Iranian/Avestan
sera together, in company with; sherkat company /Pashto [tr]
Indo-Aryan
çárdha or zardha troop, host /Sanskrit
Uralic
sarja bunch; cake /Vaddja [fv]
csor-da herd (of cattle); csor-dás herdsman /Hungarian
ser-eg troop /Hungarian & Turkic
szor-(oz) to multiply /Hungarian
Sumerian
sar
to be manyAltaic
suru herd, flock, drove /Turkish
süri 1. herd, flock 2. group, crowd /Turkmen [glnp]
çïïlïgh collection, assembly /Khakas [kl]
Dravidian
ce_rikka to have collected; ce_rkka to make to arrive or join, collect as men, money; ce_rppu joining, assemblage; ce_rppikka to have assembled or collected (Malayalam); ce.r- (ce.d-), ce.d- (ce.dy-) to arrive, join, gather (Kota); so.rc to collect (Toda); se.r- (se.ri-) to join (Kod.agu); s'e_runi to be added or joined to, enter as a member of sect etc.; s'e_rrige, s'e_rve union, inclusion (Tulu); ce_ru be connected or related to, assemble, come to hand, belong; ce_rika union, junction, nearness (Telugu); ce_ruve assemblage, mass (Telugu); to be joined together (Kannad.a); se_rve, se_ruve connection; company; a herd of cattle (Kannad.a); se_r (se_rd-) to enter, be connected with, join, assemble, be collected; se_ruve, se_rve collection, assemblage, mass, herd of cattle (Kannad.a); ce_rvai army; collection, assemblage (Tamil); se_rve, se_ruve id. (Kannad.a); ce_r (-v-, -nt-) to become mixed, blended, be collected, aggregated, join; (-pp-, -tt-) to join, attach, admix, admit to one's society, insert, gather, assemble; ce_rkkai collecting, gathering, combining, mixing, fellowship (Tamil) [sk]
Knife, sword, spear, stake; twig, stick, loppings, branch
ćorda
sword /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European
Slavic
ćorda
sword /Serbo-CroatianIndo-Iranian
Iranian
kareta, kareti knife /Avestan] [sk]
kard a knife /Persian [fjs]
karč
knife /Baluchi [mab]Indo-Aryan
*kr.taka, *kartta_ra, *karta knife [sk]; kartya, krtya_ knife /Sanskrit
kr.ti knife or dagger (RV.) [sk]
Uralic
kard sword /Hungarian
har knife; kar dagger /Forrest-Nenets [fv]
Also cf. Hungarian kar-ó pointed stake (also used to impale)
Afro-Asiatic
qorte knife, sword /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic
*ga>\r/[a\] sharp edge /Altaic [ss]
*ger/ 1 notch of an arrow, arrow 2 aim (of a gun) /Turkic [ss]
kez (MK) 1 /Karakhanid; kez 'arrow shaft' (Abush., Pav.C.) /Middle Turkic; gez 2 /Turkish; ga"z 1 /Azeri; ke:z 2 /Gagauz; gezlik 'small knife' /Turkmen; kez 1 /Kazakh; kid|e (dial.) 1 /Bashkir; kes 1 (Tuv., Tof.) /Tuva-Tofalar [ss]
*gara bough, stick /Tungus [ss]
gara /Evenki; gar /Even; gaja /Negidal; gar, gara /Solon; Gar@x@n 'branch' /Modern Manchu; gar /Zhurzhen; Gara /Nanai; Gara /Ulcha; Gara /Orok; ga: /Oroch; ga: /Udighe [ss]
*ka/rh knife, sword /Korean [ss]
khal (Modern Korean); ka/r (ka/rh-) (Middle Korean) [ss]
*ka\ta\na\ knife /Japanese [ss]
ka\ta\na\ (Old Japanese); katana/, kata/na (Tokyo); ka/ta\na\ (Kyoto); katana/ (Kagoshima) [ss]
Turkic
kertik cut; incision; kertmek 1. to cut slightly; make an incision 2. to eat away 3. to leave (something) /Turkmen [glnp]
Caucasian
*k.irV knife, axe /North Caucasian [ss: 2187]
*k.irV big knife, hatchet /Andian [ss: 1441]
Avar: k.erelo (Unt.); Akhvakh: k.eru (Tlan.)
*k.ira 1 hook,stick with a hook 2 fang 3 hatchet, small axe /Lezghian [ss: 1477]
Lezghi: k.ir 1,2; Tabasaran: k.ir 2; Rutul: k.iruw 3 (Khnov.); Tsakhur: k.era 3; Kryz: k.ir 1; Budukh: k.ir 1; Archi: k.iri 3
Dravidian
kartari a knife; a dagger; a small ; ku_rahu sword (Kannad.a); kirtalagu a drawn blade of a knife or sword; kittalagu a small blade (Kannad.a lex); kartana cutting, clipping, shearing (Kannad.a, Sanskrit.)(Ka.lex.) [sk]
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kar-ó
pointed stake (also used to impale)/HungarianAltaic
*ga>\r/[a\] sharp edge /Altaic [ss]
*gara bough, stick /Tungus [ss]
gara /Evenki; gar /Even; gaja /Negidal; gar, gara /Solon; Gar@x@n 'branch' /Modern Manchu; gar /Zhurzhen; Gara /Nanai; Gara /Ulcha; Gara /Orok; ga: /Oroch; ga: /Udighe [ss]
Caucasian
*k.ara ( ~ -@) stick, log /North Caucasian [ss]
*k.aru ( ~ -o-) log /Andian [ss]
k.aru /Akhvakh; c^.aw /Chamalal; k./aru /Tindi; k.aru /Karata [ss]
*k.ara 1 rolling pin 2 battledore, roller 3 stick /Lezghian [ss]
k.ar 1 Lezghi; k.ar 2 Tabasaran; k.ar 3 Agul; k.ar 3 Rutul [ss]
*go:rV ( ~ -y:-) pole, piece of log /North Caucasian [ss]
*ga:ra 1 a piece of cloven log 2 block /Nakh [ss]
ga:ra /Chechen; gar /Ingush [ss]
*gVrV-lV rolling-pin, beater /Andian [ss]
gere/lo /Avar [ss]
*gerV (~@,y,o|,-l-) 1 pole 2 log /Tsezian [ss]
giri 1 /Tsezi; giri 2 /Ginukh; giri /Khvarshi [ss]
*k:or(a) ( ~ -y-) pole /Lezghian [ss]
gor, gorgor Udi [ss]
Dravidian
ka_r..u stake for impaling criminals (Tamil,Malayalam); kar..uku id. /Malayalam; ka_r..u sharp-pointed pieces of wood strung around cow's neck, trident /Tamil; ko.w point, pointed stick, wooden skewer used by Kotas, peg /Toda; kar.., kar..u an instrument for perforating an elephant's ear /Kannad.a [sk]
gar.., gar..a, gar..u, gar..uvu, gar..e, gad.e, gad.i bamboo rod or stake, bamboo, pole, staff, bamboo pole on which Kollat.igas or Dombas tumble, churning stick /Kannad.a; kari bar with which a door is fastened /Tulu; kare, gare the pole to which a bucket is attached in a country water-lift /Tulu; gar.a pole, long stick (Kond.a); kar..ai elephant-goad /Tamil; garud.agamba a pillar of wood before a ca_vad.i to which culprits used to be tied /Kannad.a; a high stone-pillar before a tempe, on which, at festivals, a flambeau is put; its base bears an image of garud.a /Kannad.a(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]
Indo-European (?)
Proto Indo-European *gw|eru- [pok: 723]
English meaning: pole, pike ; German meaning: `Stange, Spies|'
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ger-ely spear, lancet /Hungarian
Uralic
Also cf. Hungarian karó "pointed stake (also used to impale)"
(1) Indo-European
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
gharil a man of a loosely-built frame; a long spear /Persian [fjs: 885]
A loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
(2) Indo-European
Proto IE *g^haiso- (*g^h@iso- : *g^he:iso-) [pok: 610]
English meaning: stick; dart; German meaning: `Stecken, auch als Wurfspies|'
Germanic
Apparently we had Proto Germanic *gaisa 'spear' [db: 572]
Where /z/ changed into /r/
Proto-Frisian: *ge:r [db: 572]
-ger spear /Old Frisian
Germanic cognates: ON geirr, OE ga:r, OS,OHG,MHG,MLG ge:r, MDu. geer `spear' [db]
Afro-Asiatic/Semitic (?)
gyr N /Aramaic [cal]
1 ImpArMesop,Palestinian,CPA,Syr,JBA arrow
LS2 100
LS2 v: ge)rA)
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gally twig, sprig; loppings /Hungarian
Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 68 #3> [oi4]
Omotic
k'ulloo stick w. spherical end /Kafa; kalloo stick /Koyra (=Kore?); kulloo wood /Shinasha; kalloo stick /Zayse
Cushitic, East
k'al- sacrifice slaughter /Oromo
Altaic
*goli log, wooden block /Altaic [ss]
*Ko"l- 1 wooden board, support for a gun 2 woodblock 3 cross-bar (over fire) /Turkic [ss]
ko"lo" 3 /Yakut [ss]
*go"le- ( ~ -u"-) (wooden) crane, wooden log for lifting logs to a carriage /Mongolian [ss]
*gola 1 log 2 burnt log, firewood /Tungus [ss]
golo 1 /Negidal; Goldon, Golton 2 /Manzhu; Golon|qo 2 /Nanai; Golon|qo 2 /Ulcha; Golo 1, 2 /Orok; gol 2 /Even; golo 1 /Evenki [ss]
*kura-i log with unpeeled bark /Japanese [ss]
kure /Old Japanese [ss]
Caucasian
*ga>lV ( ~ -l/-) stick /North Caucasian [ss]
*gala 1 wooden skittles 2 birch-tree /Nakh [ss]
gala 1 /Chechen; gal 2 /Batsbi [ss]
*gelV (~-@-,-o|-,-r-) pole /Tsezian [ss]
gilu /Tsezi; gelu /Khvarshi [ss]
ĉ:ala bayonet /Lak {The original meaning was 'long stick' [ss]}
*ga>l(V)gV stick /Caucasian [ss] < *ga>lV ( ~ -l/-) stick [ss]
Dravidian (Number in DED: 2587)
*cil.- branch, bifurcation /Dravidian [ss]
*cil.- branch, bifurcation /South Dravidian [ss]
cilla (Tiyya, Calicut) small branch of a tree /Malayalam; cil.l.e bifurcation, a fork (as that formed by two branches) /Kannada; gellu. (?) (B-K) branch, twig /Tulu [ss]
*Sil branch of a tree, tine of antlers, tributary of river /Nilgiri [ss]
cil /Kota [ss]
*cil.l.- bifurcated /Telugu [ss]
Basic form: cil.l.a (B)
Derivatives: Also cil.l.u a fork (as that formed by two branches) [ss]
*SeL- (*z^|-) branch /Kolami-Gadba [ss]
cella, jella "branch, bough" /Parji [ss]
čučati
to cower, squat, crouch; sit on one's heels /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European
Slavic
čučati
to cower, squat, crouch; sit on one's heels /Serbo-CroatianUralic
gugg-ol to squat (on heels); croutch [-ol is a frequentive verbal suffix in FU] /Hungarian
Austro-Asiatic
cocon.got, cucumguc, cucun.gut, huchucu to sit on heels; comcor.ok to sit on hind legs (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Dravidian
*kuK- to sit, squat /Dravidian [ss]
kukku to sit on one's legs, squat /Tamil; kuki.r to sit down /Kota; kukkarisu to squat /Kannad.a; kun.kuru going on hands and legs, as an infant; kokkaru-kul.l.u to sit on the half-bended knees /Kannad.a; kukund.d.u to sit /Telugu; kopka (< kok-p-; kokt-) to sit, sit down, sit on, settle down, subside; n. act of sitting, subsidence /Kui; kug, kog, ku_gali, kugginai, gok to sit; kupki ki to make to sit /Kuwi; ku_r to sit down /Kannad.a; kuc to sit /Pengo; kuh id. /Mand.a; kukkutal to sit on one's legs, squat /Tamil; kukkarisu /Kannad.a; kukkut.a_can-am sitting posture in yogic practice, the soles touching the ground like those of a cock (Tamil lex.); kukai cellar, subterranean walled room for the ascetic in trance, serving as sepulchre after his death, when he is interred in it in a sitting posture (Tamil lex) [sk]
Quechua
chukuy to squat oneself; to sit down on the ground [q2]
Faith, religion
čudo
miracle, wonder /Serbo-Croatian; čudovať sa, čudo wonder /Slovak; chudo miracle /Russian; `udo /BulgarIndo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1]
tethêpa poet. Verb, also used in Ion. and late Prose
1. intr., to be astonished, astounded, amazed
2. c. acc., wonder or be amazed at
Slavic
čudo
miracle, wonder /Serbo-CroatianIndo-Iranian
Iranian
jadu (Z. yatu, S. yatu-dhana), Conjuration, magic; juggling; a conjurer; metaphorically applied to the eyes and eye-brows of a mistress; -- jadu zadan, To exercise magic; to render magic or magicians ineffective; -- jadu kardan, To bewitch; -- zulfi jadu, Black hair. /Persian [fjs]
satt foul language; a vice, blemish /Persian [fjs]
From Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
sata commentary on the Zand;<-> sita (imp. of situdan, in comp.), praising, lauding; praise, benediction /Persian [fjs]
Indo-Aryan
siddha holy person (MBh.); sidhu holy man (Sindhi_); sidho, sido simpleton (Kumauni_); sidho fair, straightforward (Nepa_li); sidha_ honest (Bengali, Or.iya_); si_dh, si_dha_ (Hindi_); si_dhu~ straightforward (Gujara_ti_) siddhi established end, doctrine (MBh.); siddhanta doctrine (Pali); siddham.ta (Prakrit); siddha_nta established end, doctrine (MBh.); sidat conclusion, doctrine (Sinhalese). siddhi supernatural powers (Sa_m.khyak.); magic power (Prakrit); sed superhuman power (Ka_s'mi_ri_); sidhi_ miracle (Sindhi_); siddh straight course (Punja_bi_); si_dh, si_dhi_ straightness, direct line, aim (Hindi_); idi superhuman power (Sinhalese) [sk]
Uralic
csoda wonder, marvel; inredible, wondrous [nt>d] /Hungarian
Hungarian csoda is, of course, {you guessed it} seen as a loan from Slavic., even though there are many other external parallels.
szid
to curse /Hungarian (related to faith and worship!)Officially, Hungarian szid is of unknown origin!!!!! [Chong]
sadatta-, sadattele- curse (Finnish); saat-, säät- bless; curse (Man's'i); šudala- curse; scold (Mari); s'udo- curse (Mordvin) [Chong]
csüd
horse's pastern, knuckle /Hungarian & UgrianSumerian
zid
faith, confidence, sanction, good, true, right (hand) ...Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
štm (be) insolent; abuse (someone) /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Semitic
śţm
to be(come) hostile, accuse /Northwest Semitic [ahd]s(T /Aramaic [cal]
011 Syr to abhor 041 Syr to doubt 021 Syr to make hateful 022 Syr to be made hateful 023 Syr to be rejected 031 Syr to vituperate LS2 487
s.dq to be(come) just, righteous. /West Semitic [ahd]
sdg just, legitimate /Phœnician [cgj]
Altaic
*iudu wonder, supernatural /Altaic [ss]
*yduk sacred /Turkic [ss]
yduq /Old Turkic; jyryx /Chuvash; ytyq /Yakut [ss]
*id- 1 sacred energy, sorcery 2 female shaman /Mongolian [ss]
ide 1, idug|an, udug|an 2 /Written Mongolian; id 1, udug 2 /Khalkha; jadagan 2 /Dagur [ss]
*(x)odu wonder /Tungus [ss]
odu /Evenki [ss]
*i / *ju sacred, purified /Japanese [ss]
i, ju /Old Japanese [ss]
[Also with -tu in attributive function: i-tu-, ju-tu-.][ss]
Turkic
juda incredibly, extremely /Turkmen [glnp]
Austro-Asiatic
sidho clean, perfect, accomplished; to readmit to caste (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Dravidian
sadâ shout, call /Brahui
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Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian
zen
holy /AvestanUralic
szent
holy /HungarianSumerian
sen
clear, pure, polished, mirrorChukchee-Kamchatkan
*šiŋtą-
holy, sacred (святой) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1171]jiŋtą-
/Koryak ; tiŋtą- /Alutor [ss]
čun
(flat-bottomed) boat; punt; gondola /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European/Slavic
čun
(flat-bottomed) boat; punt; gondola /Serbo-CroatianUralic
csónak boat /Hungarian << Turkic chan-ak? a type of bowl??
Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Cohen (1947) , #21> [oi4]
Semitic
unu_tu vessel /Akkadian
?'ina_?' recipient, vessel /Arabic
?'oni(y) ship /Hebrew
Egyptian
yn(w) (value of sign representing pot) /Old Egyptian
h!nw jar, bowl; chattel, goods /Old Egyptian
Berber
tanaut ship /Berber
Altaic
tshon ship /Dongxian Mongol < chuan ship /Chinese (Pinyin) [?]
*t`e:mu boat, raft /Alatic [ss]
*tamara- to float, to swim /Mongol [ss]
*te:mu 1 raft 2 boat /Tungus [ss]
tem 1 /Negidal; temĉiku 2 /Manzhu; temu 1, temĉie~ 2 /Nanai; temu(n) 1 /Ulcha; temu 1 /Orok; tem 1 /Even; te:mu 1 /Evenki [ss]
*tumu big boat /Japanese [ss]
tumu /Old Japanese [ss]
Dravidian
jan:ga_l a platform with railings placed on two boats, used at ferries (Kannad.a); jan:gala double-canoe (Tulu); can:ka_t.am a kind of boat (Na_.); can:ku-vat.am ferry-boat (Tamil); can.n.a_t.am id. (Malayalam) [sk]
Sino-Tibetan
chuan ship /Chinese (Pinyin) [?]
*kha:n| ( ~ gh-, qh-, Gh-) boat, go by boat /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese meaning "to go by boat, big boat"
hang 2 /Modern (Beijing) < gha:n| /Old Chinese [ss]
Kachin (H) : khan| to steer, as a boat. [ss]
*cu:n ( ~ -o:-,-l/) a k. of vessel /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese meaning "wine-cup, wine-vessel"
zun 1 /Modern (Beijing) < con /Middle Chinese < cu:n /Old Chinese [ss]
Kachin: z^|on1 a vessel used in distilling liquor.[ss]
*z|/ho>n| a k. of vessel /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Tibetan: gz/on| wooden basin, trough, tub. [ss]
Lushei: fon| sp. of flat shallow basket.[ss]
*C/am a large vessel /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese meaning "large cooking pot"
cen 2 /Modern (Beijing) < zjim /Middle Chinese < z|/(h)@m /Old Chinese [ss]
Tibetan: zem cask, barrel. [ss]
Lepcha: tu>k-c^i/m a cup [ss]
Kiranti: *cam ( ~ ?c-) ladle (in compounds) [ss]
Thulung: korco"m flat wooden stirrer used in cooking, blo|kcam bamboo ladle [ss]
Kaling: kwo|rcam wooden ladle [ss]
*ti@:n|H ( ~ d-) a k. of vessel /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese meaning "a three or four-legged tripod, cauldron, a ding vessel"
ding /Modern (Beijing) < ti/en| /Middle Chinese < te:n|? /Old Chinese [ss]
Tibetan: tin| a small cup of brass used in sacrificing. [ss]
ćurak
fur-coat, fleece-lined coat; ćurčija furrier /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European/Slavic
ćurak
fur-coat, fleece-lined coat; ćurčija furrier /Serbo-CroatianUralic
szőr, szőr-
szál hair, bristle; szőrme fur, pelt /HungarianOfficially, Hungarian szőr is of FU origin.
*s'äkre hair (Proto FU) [Chong]
Sumerian
suhur hair, scalp; tree top; crest [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
*ŝa?|r- {} *ĉa?|r- hair (of body and head) /Semitic Protoforms [ss]
ŝa:rtu 'hair, hairy skin; eyebrow' /Akkadian
sa-ra-tum, s^e\-ra-du-um /sya?|ratum/ /Eblaite
ŝ?|rt 'Wolle', /ŝa?|artu /Ugaritic
^e:?|a:r 'hair /Hebrew
ŝ@?|ar (constr.) 'Haar' /Biblical Aramaic
s@?|ar, se:?|a:r (det. sa?|ra:) 'hair'; s?|r /Judaic Aramaic
sa?|ra: 'crines' /Syriac
NEO-ARAMAIC: MAL sa?|ra 'Haare'; MLH s.?|ore (pl.) 'Gerste'; HRT s.?are 'Gerste'; die sekunda"re Emphatisierung'] s.e?ra 'Liegenhaar' //// MANDAIC: sara 'hair' //// ARABIC: ŝa?|r- 'cheveux ou poil (chez l'homme)' //// GEEZ: ŝ@?|@rt 'hair of body or head' ////HARSUSI: ŝo:r 'hair, wool' [ss]
sir hair, line, stripe /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
also see Hungarian sor 'row, line'
Altaic/Tungus
šalu whiskers /Manchu [as]
Caucasian
*ĉu>rh|V (~-?-) hair, plait, mane /North Caucasian [ss]
*ĉo hair /Nakh [ss]
ĉo /Chechen; ĉo /Ingush; ĉo /Batsbi [ss]
*ĉo A 1 long hair 2 mane 3 hair in horse's tail /Tsezian [ss]
ĉud 1 /Ginukh; ĉoda 1 /Khvarshi; ĉu 2 /Inkhokvari; ĉoj 3 /Bezhita [ss]
ĉuru fringe /Lak [ss]
*ĉuri plait; single hair Dargwa [ss]
ĉuri /Akusha [ss]
*c./h_w@:r@ hair; switch, long branch /North Caucasian [ss]
*(p)s(h|)a:rV long switch, long branch; wire /Nakh [ss]
sa:ra /Chechen; sa"rg /Ingush [ss]
*c^.urV 1 horse's hair 2 graft, cutting /Andian [ss]
c^.or 2 Avar; c^.ur 1 (Khaid.) Andi [ss]
*c^.ur women's hair /Tsezian [ss]
c^.ur /Gunzib [ss]
c^.ara hair /Lak [ss]
*c^.aIr hair /Lezghian [ss]
c^.ar /Lezghi; c^.ar /Tabasaran; c^.ar /Agul; c^.ar /Rutul; c^.aIr /Tsakhur; c^.er /Kryz; c^.er /Budukh; c^.aIri /Archi [ss]
In most languages (except Tsakh. and Arch.) the root also means "goat's wool". [ss]
c^.ar hair /Khinalug [ss]
Dravidian
so_r.a a hair /Kui; hora a single hair of the beard /Kuwi; horana beard, moustache; ho_d.anga beard; so_n.ayya~_, so_r.a ba_n.aa~_ id.; ho_r.a (pl. ho_r.aya~_) id. /Kuwi; sorkoo man with a beard /Gondi [sk]
ćurak
turkey (-cock); ćurka turkey-hen /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European
*kerk- chicken /Proto Indo-European [cg2]
Slavic
ćurak
turkey (-cock); ćurka turkey-hen /Serbo-CroatianIndo-Iranian/Iranian/Avestan
tshérga hen; tsherg rooster /Pashto [tr]
Uralic
csir-ke chicken [not hen or rooster or turkey] (-ke diminutive) /Hungarian
Sino-Tibetan
chiro
chicken /ChineseAltaic/Tungus
coko rooster; hen; quail; chicken /Manchu [as]
Caucasian
*ĉ.a">ku> / *ĉa">k.u> young (of animals), boy /North Caucasian [ss]
*ĉ.ik.a chicken /Dargwa [ss]
curenje flow, flowing, running; dripping, dropping; leaking, oozing; curiti to flow, run, stream, leak, escape; iscuriti to flow (pour, trickle, ooze, leak) out /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-European
Celtic
sruth [sru] stream, flow, current /Irish //// Old Irish "srúaim" comes from Common Celtic *srô-men, from Indo-European *sru-men-s, from the root *sreu- (to flow). English "stream" is a cognate. [dk]
Paleo-Balkan
sara current, stream/Thracian [id,cb]
Slavic
curenje flow, flowing, running; dripping, dropping; leaking, oozing; curiti to flow, run, stream, leak, escape; iscuriti to flow (pour, trickle, ooze, leak) out /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
ghzhârayatbyô [ghzhar] to flow; to milk /Avestan (????)
Indo-Aryan
sarít stream; sáras lake, pool; orig. 'water'
{The root of the last two is sr. (run)}; sru (flow, stream) /Sanskrit
Uralic
*c'ore
drip,running water; *ŝere river, watercourse; *ŝäre- originate, source /Uralic*ŝare
flood /Ugor; aro river delta /Kareliancsor-og to flow, drip, leak, ooze; flowing water /Hungarian
Sumerian
šur, sur to rain; to produce a liquid; to flow, drip [jh]
Niger-Congo (?)
coroti (v.) to drip /Mandinka [pc1]
tuur (v.) to pour, spill /Wollof [pc2]
Sino-Tibetan
*s/or flow, pour /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
ãc/hor (p. s/or) escape; flow out; run over; come out; go over. /Tibetan
swan to pour out, spill, shed. /Burmese
ŝon1 to flow, as tears, sweat. /Kachin
ĉho/r the pouring of water /Lepcha
*z|ho\r ( / ?c-) leak, ooze, drop /Kiranti [ss]
*z|/hV:r rain /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
ĉhar rain. Tibetan
fu:r the rainy season. Lushei [ss]
Altaic
*sarkV to drip, splatter /Altaic [ss]
*sark- to overflow, drip /Turkic [ss]
sarq- (MK) Old Turkic; sarq- Tatar; s@rx-@n- Chuvash [ss]
*sark- to sprinkle, drip /Mongolian [ss]
sarkira-, sarkaji- /Written Mongolian [ss]
sarkr-, sarkl- /Kalmuck [ss]
*sargi- to splatter (of water, rain) /Tungus [ss]
sarGi.- (Nkh) /Nanai; sargi- /Evenki [ss]
*ŝiur/i to flow, drip /Altaic [ss]
*su"r/- 1 to strain, filter 2 to swim, float /Turkic [ss]
u"z- 1 /Old Turkic; so"z- 2 dial. /Tatar; su"z- 1 /Turkmen; s@w|r- 1 /Chuvash; uhun- 2 /Yakut [ss]
*su"r- to rain in small drops, sprinkle /Mongolian [ss]
su"rĉi- /Written Mongolian; ŝu"rŝi-, su"rŝi- /Khalkha [ss]
*ĉurgi:- ( ~ ŝ-) to flow, drip /Tungus [ss]
ĉorz^|u.- /Ulcha; ĉu.rgú.- /Even; ĉurgi:- /Evenki [ss]
*hy\ry\- to flow /Korean [ss]
hy\ry\- Middle Korean [ss]
*si\ta\-t- to drop, leak /Japanese [ss]
si\ta\-t- Old Japanese [ss]
Turkic
cereyan flowing, current, course /Turkish
syrykmak to flow, leak, stream /Turkmen [glnp]
∫ire juice /Turkmen [glnp]
Tungus
šeri spring, well /Manchu [as]
Austric
turu drip, leak /Moriori [mor]
tuturu, turuturu leaky; turuturu drip /Mäori [ng]
Basque
jario (B,G,U) (n.) spill, secretion, drip, emanation; (v.i.) to spill, drip, ooze, flow
isuri (C) (v.t.) to flow, spill; to inspire; (n.) flowing, spilling (G); (n.) slope (G,L,Z)
Caucasian
*ŝVrV lake, river /North Caucasian [ss]
*ŝVrV ( ~ s-) river, stream /Andian [ss]
ŝuru Akhvakh [ss]
*ŝara lake /Dargwa [ss]
ŝara /Akusha; ŝara /Chiragh [ss]
Dravidian
*cor- to flow; *z^|o:r- to leak /Dravidian [ss]
[/c/ in Dravidian is much like Hungarian, not like /K/)
Mayan
Chorti [cw]
h'uhr (from ch'ur) 'anything protruded, drop of a liquid; numeral classifier'
in ch'uhr ha' 'a (one) drop of water'
ch'uhr ik'ar (ikar : wind, aigre) '"drops" of aigre (said to enter the body and cause sickness)'
inch'uhr ik'ar 'a (one) drop of aigre (gota de aigre)'
ch'uhr ch'ah 'drop or fall in drops, trickle, seep, dripping' (cl.3)
ch'uhr ch'ah e ha' 'dripping water'
ach'uhr ch'ah e ha' 'the water drips'
war ach'uhr ch'ah 'it is dripping'
ch'uhrch'es 'drip water, allow to seep thru' (cl.2a)
Quechua
suruy to pour; to pour out; to drip [q2]
Indo-European/Slavic
daska board, plank /Serbo-Croatian
doska board /Slovak; deska /Czech
doska plank /Russian; dyska board /Bulgar
Uralic
deszka board, plank /Hungarian (looks like a loan)
Grind, break, shatter; destroy, wipe, eradicate.
derati to tear asunder, rend, skin, fleece, wear our (off, away) /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-European
Slavic
derati to tear asunder, rend, skin, fleece, wear our (off, away) /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
dirawidan to mow, reap, cut; darawida reaped, mowed /Persian [fjs]
darbi a bit, fragment, rag; darpen a patch on a garment; bit, rag /Persian [fjs]
Uralic
darab piece, portion, bit; darab-ol to cut, chop, slice /Hungarian
Officially, Hungarian darab "piece" is seen as of Slavic origin [Chong]
dara (1) semolina, grits; (2) sleet; dar-ál to grind /Hungarian
Officially, Hungarian dara is seen as of Turkic origin, while darál is seen as deriving from dara. [Chong]
tör to break, smash, grind /Hungarian
Officially, Hungarian tör is of unknown origin. [Chong]
Sumerian
dar (v.) to slice, split; to shatter [jh]
tar
to cut; to decide; to determine; to inquire; to smoke; to break, destroy [jh]Niger-Congo (?)
juru to pound into powder /Mandinka [pc1]
Hurrian-Urartian
tur-u- beat apart, destroy, eradicate [ryan]
Altaic
Turkic
tarï¥ millet (Cg); tyrõ bread; grain, seed (Ch); taruu millet (Ky); darI millet (Tk) [Chong]
tar-uk
cut, break /Turkishçar= to break, to chop; to split, to splinter; çara sap= to cut, to cleave, to cut to pieces./Khakas (< CT *yaar=) [kl]
Mongol
darolghala- crush (Classical Mongol) [Chong]
Tungus
tarimbi to farm, to cultivate, to plow /Manchu [as]
Japanese
toreru to come off; to break off
Austric
tar- to cut (Nume, Dorig, Koro, Lakona, Merig, Proto-Austronesian); tare- (Wetamut, Toga); tere- (Wusi-Valui); -dali- /Sowa; -tar- /Larevat; -teri- /Vinmavis; -tere- /Benour; -tiri- /Malfaxal; tori- "to cut end off," (Maori, Saa, Ulawa) [pkm]
Dravidian
ter-i (-pp-, -tt-) to burst asunder, snap in twain as a rope, split; break, cut (Tamil); ter-ikka to cut off (Malayalam); tir-i to cut, cut off; cutting (Kannad.a); t(r)egu, treyyu to be cut, divided or severed, snap (as a rope), be breached (as a dike); trevvu to be cut, be snapped (as a rope); t(r)encu to snap, break, tear, cut, divide, sever (as a thread or string etc.); t(r)empu id.; n. state of being cut, divided etc., discontinuity, pause (Telugu); tre_z- (tre_st-) to cut (e.g. crops)(Pengo); trey- to cut (paddy)(Mand.a); tar-i (-v-, -nt-) to be cut off, broken (Tamil) [sk]
at.aruka to burst, crack, slit off, fly open; at.ar a splinter; at.arcca splitting, a crack; at.arttuka, at.attuka to split, tear off, open (an oyster)(Malayalam); ad.aruni to crack (Tulu) [sk]
tarukku to pound, break, pierce, injure, torment (Tamil); tarakkuka to deprive rice of its husk (Malayalam)(DEDR 3099). tar-i to be cut off, broken; a kind of axe (Tamil); tayr (tarc-) to cut, using implement with one hand (Kota)(DEDR 3140). [sk]
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Old Church Slavonic tьro,, inf. trêti `to rub'
(1) Indo-European [from Cheung]
Indo-European reconstruction: *terH1- `to rub'
Greek
teä\rw `rub, wipe'
Italic
Latin tero: `to rub', (nomin.) tłretron `drill',
Balto-Slavic
Lithuanian tiriu\, inf. ti\rti `to examine, ask'
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic tьro,, inf. trêti `to rub'
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
*tarH- to rub, wipe (?) /Proto Iranian
Parthian: (+ *us-) ? 'wystr-1 `to clean(se)' ('w- < ?) ; Khotanese: (+ *us-) ustar- `to remove' ; Sogdian: (+ *apa-) BSogd. 'pt'r- `to pluck, pull out (hair)' ; (+ *pari-) BSogd. prtr- `to dry up, wipe off' ; New West Iranian: (+ *us-) NP suturdan `to shave, erase, scrape', (nomin.) usture `razor' ; New East Iranian: Sh. ta:r-/ta:rt, Rosh. ta:r-/ta:rt `to cleanse, remore dirt', (+ *apa-) ? Oss. I. aft' aryn/ aft' ard, D. aft'irun/ aft'ird `to devour' (slang word ?), (+ *us-) Oss. I. st aryn/st ard, D. ( a)st arun/( a)stard `to lick (up)', Sh. (Bajui) zida:r-/zidu:d, zida:r-/zidu:g, Sariq. zidor-/zidug, Ishk. zda:r-, M. stor-/sto:r-, Yi. isto:r-/ista:r.- `to sweep'
Other Iranian forms: (+ *us-) Par. astar- `to rub, wipe away'
(2) Indo-European/Slavic
? trljati to rub, massage; chafe; scrub; trljanje rubbing; chafing; scrubbing /Serbo-Croatian
? utieranie wipe /Slovak
Uralic
tör-öl to wipe /Hungarian
Officially, Hungarian töröl is thought to be possibly related to tör- "break", "crack". [Chong]
Also see súr-ol to rub, scour, graze /Hungarian
Afro-Asiatic
dr remove, quell, drive out /Egyptian [cgj]
Niger-Congo (?)
tiritiri ro rub /Mandinka [pc1]
desať
ten /SlovakIndo-European
Slavic
deset ten /Serbo-Croatian
desať ten /Slovak
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
dasa ten /Avestan
Uralic
tíz ten /Hungarian
das /Komi [Chong]
Officially, Hungarian tíz is 'possibly' of Iranian origin.
deva camel /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-European/Slavic
deva camel /Serbo-Croatian
ťava camel /Slovak
Uralic
teve camel /Hungarian
Altaic
deve camel /Turkish
dičiti
to praise, glorify, extoll, exalt; diči to raise, elevate, lift up; dika glory, fame; reputation, credit, merit; honour, boast, pride /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European/Slavic
dičiti
to praise, glorify, extoll, exalt; diči to raise, elevate, lift up; dika glory, fame; reputation, credit, merit; honour, boast, pride /Serbo-CroatianUralic
dics-eked to boast, brag /Hungarian
dics-ér to praise, laud /Hungarian
dics-ö a proud/praiseworthy /Hungarian
disz decoration, decorated /Hungarian
tisz-t an officer, high rank /Hungarian (Turkic has sm like this)
Sumerian
diš
one < first? (also a title of god of heaven)
dinja (sweet) melon; cantaloupe /Serbo-Croatian; dyňa gourd /Slovak; dynya melon /Russian; dinq watermelon /Bulgar
Indo-European/Slavic
dinja (sweet) melon; cantaloupe /Serbo-Croatian
dyňa gourd /Slovak
dynya melon /Russian
dinq watermelon /Bulgar
Uralic
dinnye melon; watermelon /Hungarian
Altaic/Tungus
dungga watermelon /Manchu [as]
dobaciti throw (cast, hurl, fling, pitch) up to /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-European/Slavic
dobaciti throw (cast, hurl, fling, pitch) up to /Serbo-Croatian
Uralic
*tempe
explode, to throw with lot of noise /Ugriandob to throw, cast, hurl /Hungarian
dob-og to beat, banging (as a heart) /Hungarian
dobban-tani to stamp with the feet /Hungarian
tomb-ol creating a lot of noise and havoc /Hungarian
also see Hungarian tap-os, tip-or "to trample, step on"
Sumerian
tumu
wind, tuma break wind, fartSino-Tibetan
*dhe:p press down, throw down /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
tie 4 Modern (Beijing) < thiep Middle Chinese < the:p Old Chinese
thiê/p Vietnamese
rdeb(s) to throw down with a clap; to prostrate oneself; to fall upon one's face; ãdebs (p. btab, i. thob) cast, throw, strike, hit, ãthebs (p. thebs) be thrown, scattered. /Tibetan
dip2 to press, (H) @dip to compel. /Kachin
doboš to drum; dobošar drummer /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-European/Slavic
doboš to drum; dobošar drummer /Serbo-Croatian << Hungarian
Uralic
*tempe
explode, to throw with lot of noise /Ugriandob drum < dob-og to beat, bang etc /Hungarian
dob-ol to drum, to play the drum /Hungarian
dob-ós ( -ós suffix of professions) drummer /Hungarian
dob-oz a box << drum shape /Hungarian
Sumerian
dúb
kick, flop, knock down, shakeNiger-Congo (?)
sabar (v.) to drum; (n.) drum /Wollof [pc2]
tabala (n.) drum /Wollof [pc2]
Afro-Asiatic/Semitic
Tbl#2 (vb.) /Aramaic [cal]
011 Syr to play the drum
LS2 266
Altaic
davul drum /Turkish
Dravidian
t.apa_r-en-al onom. expr. signifying cracking sound; t.api_r-en-al onom. expr. signifying the sound produced in firing a gun; t.apa-t.apav-en-al onom. expr. signifying the sound of a drum (Tamil); d.aba.r in- (id--) to make noise as of gun shooting or bamboo joints exploding in fire; d.ab d.ab in- (id-) to make noise of the big flat drum (tabat.k-); d.ab d.ob in- (id--) to make noise of gun shooting (Kota); d.abbu sound emitted by a hollow box, a sort of tabor etc., when struck (Kannad.a); d.abbu noise of a drum (Telugu)(DEDR 2947). [sk]
dojilja wet-nurse; dojiti to nurse, suckle; dojka (woman's) breast; wet-nurse /Serbo-Croatian; dojka nurse; dojčiť to suckle; dieťa, dojča infant /Slovak; дойка (doyka) nurse /Bulgar
Indo-European
Armenian
dahyeahk nursing woman (Old Armenian - Dorosmai) [Chong]
Slavic
dojilja wet-nurse; dojiti to nurse, suckle; dojka (woman's) breast; wet-nurse /Serbo-Croatian; dojka nurse; dojčiť to suckle; dieťa, dojča infant /Slovak; дойка (doyka) nurse /Bulgar
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
dai nurse, wetnurse, midwife /Baluchi [mab]
daya a nurse, foster-mother; a midwife; dayagi the office of nurse, nursing; -- dayagi kardan to nurse; to practice midwifery /Persian [fjs]
Uralic
dajka wet-nurse /Hungarian << day "milk" in Iranic & tej in Hungarian
[tehine cow /Iranian as tehén in Hungarian. ( tej=milk+eneh(old word for cow) > tehén )]
Dravidian
dâî midwife; nurse /Brahui
ta_y mother (Tamil, Kannad.a); ta_ycci wet nurse, pregnant woman; ta_ya_r mother, Laks.mi_; ta_ymai motherhood (Tamil); ta_yi mother (Malayalam, Kannad.a, Telugu); to.y mother (Toda); a_yi (Kannad.a); ta_ye mother (Kannad.a); ta.yi grandmother (Kod.agu)(DEDR 364). [sk]
drag dear /Serbo-Croatian; drahý dear, expensive /Slovak
Indo-European
Slavic
drag dear /Serbo-Croatian
drahý dear, expensive /Slovak
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
*durargha high -- priced'. 2. *daurarghya -- `time of high prices' [rlt]
According to [rlt], the Slavic similarity is only accidentlal.
drogu dear; drogun to become dear; dra_g high price, famine (Ka_s'mi_ri_); dra_g famine (Shina); dra_gaz (Kalasha); draganz (Kohista_ni_) [sk]
Uralic
drága dear, expensive /Hungarian ( looks like a loan)
dretva shoemaker's twine /Serbo-Croatian
drôt wire /Slovak
drót wire /Hungarian
drhat tremble, shake, shiver; shudder; drhtati to tremble, shake; drmati to shake, jolt, agitate /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-European
*t(e)r1 tremble /PIE [js]
Celtic
torrunn thunder /Gaelic; torand /Early Irish; toran /Irish; tarann /Welsh; taran /Cornish [mcb]; turram a soft sound, murmur; onomatopoetic /Gaelic [mcb]
Italic
tronan thunder /Spanish
Anatolian
tarhunt- thunder god /(IE) Luwian [cb] (??what other IE lang??)
tarhun {taru, teshun} weather/storm god /Hatti/Hittite [em]
The weather god of Hatti or the Hittites. He brought fertility each season by bringing rain to the dry Anatolian uplands and through this he was seen to bring authority to the king. [em]
Slavic
drhat tremble, shake, shiver; shudder; drhtati to tremble, shake; drmati to shake, jolt, agitate /Serbo-Croatian
drndati to strum, twang; drndati se ride jolting; bump /Serbo-Croatian
drgať
, drgnúť jolt /SlovakUralic
tar-em
, tar sky god /FinnUgor (god of thunder amongst other?)durizõa (v) to rattle; to rumble /Vaddja [fv]
jürü (n.) thunder /Vaddja [fv]
dör-ög to thunder, roar; dörg-és thunder, rumbling, pounding /Hungarian
dördül to boom, detonate; dörej booming, detonation /Hungarian
dörren-és thunder, detonation; durran-ás explosion /Hungarian
dörmög to mutter, grumble, growl /Hungarian
döröm-böl to knock, pound /Hungarian
dor-gál
to criticize severly /HungarianHungarian dorgál is thought to possibly derive from a Finno-Ugric source.
Finno-Ugric
? tora quarrel, toru- scold (Finnish); doarro fight, struggle, doarro- butt, gore; fight (Lappish); torle scold (Mari - derivative); ture-, t'ure- to scuffle (Mordvin) [Chong]
Samoyedic
tarunga- wrestle (En'ec'); taaro wrestling, taaro- wrestle (N'en'ec'); toraatu- wrestle (Nganasan); t'aar a quarrel (Šölqup) [Chong]
Sumerian
dur-un
to break wind, fartScythian
tar-
god of the sky /Scythian, [also Chuvash, Lapp (tar-gi-tar- son of the sky god)]Sino-Tibetan
*t[y>]r ( ~ d-) shake, shiver /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "to shake" [ss]
zhen 4 Modern (Beijing) < c/i\n Middle Chinese < t@rs Old Chinese
ãdar to tremble, shiver, quake. /Tibetan
tun to tremble, shake, shiver, fear. /Burmese
tir, tjir, tja>r to move, to shake, to curl, as in contempt; to shake, as earth, house /Lepcha [ss]
Altaic
darbe blow, stroke /Turkish
*de/ru to shake, sway /Altaic [ss]
*derbe- to sway, swing /Mongolian [ss]
derbel- /Middle Mongolian; derve- /Khalkha; derw@- /Kalmuck [ss]
*der(gi)- 1 to shiver, tremble 2 to sway /Tungus [ss]
dergiŝe- 2 /Manzhu; dergi- 1 /Nanai; derz^|i- 1, de:remneĉi- 1 /Ulcha; dergi-, derin|- 1 /Evenki [ss]
*du/r- to shake, sway /Japanese [ss]
jur- /Old Japanese; yu\r- /Tokyo [ss]
Basque
durrunda (onomatopoeic) loud noise
Dravidian
*tir-i- to tremble /Dravidian [ss]
*tirg- to tremble /Kolami-Gadba [ss]
tirg- Naiki; tir-, (S) tirv-, tiri- /Parji; tirg- /Ollari; tirg- (tirig-) "to shiver" /Kondekor Gadba [ss]
*tir-ig- to tremble /Gondwan [ss]
tirg- to tremble /Konda [ss]
*tri:g- to tremble /Pengo-Manda [ss]
tri:g- (tri:kt-) /Pengo; tri:g- /Manda
*trig- to shiver, tremble /Kui-Kuwi [ss]
tirga (tirgi-) "to shiver, tremble; n. shivering, trembling" Kui; tr.i:gali "to shiver"; tri:ginai "to tremble"; trig- (-it-) "to shiver" /Kuwi [ss]
dude bagpipe /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-European
Celtic
dùdach a trumpet, Middle Gaelic doytichy, Irish dúdóg: onomatopoetic. [mcb]
Slavic
dude bagpipe /Serbo-Croatian
gajdy bagpipe /Slovak
[c.f.Turkish gayda bagpipe]
Uralic
duda bagpipe(s); horn /Hungarian (onomatopoetic)
Sumerian
di-di to play (an instrument) [jh]
ğiš-gù-di a loud musical instrument [jh]
Basque
tutu (C) horn; tube, roll, pipe, duct
Dravidian
tuttari a bugle-horn (Kampara_. Kan:kaip. 30)(Tamil); tuta_ra (Telugu); tuttari-k-kompu a kind of bugle-horn (Ci_vaka. 434, Urai.); tutta_ri long, straight pipe (Tamil,Kannad.a,Malayalam); tuta_ra (Telugu); tutti bass-pipe (Tamil); titti (Kannad.a)' turutti bellows (Akana_. 224)(Tamil); id. (Malayalam); < dr.ti (Skt.); skin, leather (Skt.)(Tamil.lex.) tutu_ri, tutta_ri, tuttu_ri a long trumpet (Kannad.a); titti a leather bag; a bag in general (Kannad.a,Telugu)(Ka.lex.) [sk]
Tobacco
duhan, duvan tobacco /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-European
Slavic
duhan, duvan tobacco /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-Iranian/Iranian [fjs]
dakhn (v.n.) smoking, sending forth smoke; -- dukhn, Millet; -- dakhan (v.n.) being smoky, smoke; hatred, grudge; malignity of temper; the glittering of a sword; deterioration of mind, faith or repute /Persian
From Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
dukhan, dukhkhan smoke; tobacco or its fumes /Persian
A loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
dukhnat, dukhna (v.n. of Q), being smoky, tending to black; perfume, incense; -- dukhna kardan to fumigate /Persian
A loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
Uralic
dohány tobacco /Hungarian
Allegedly this word appeared during the Turkish occupation of Hungary in the Middle Hungarian Period (1526-1699) according to [ehh2]
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Indo-European/Indo-Iranian
dukhn millet /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] appears to list 'millet' with smoke. Certainly very similar in form but how is this connected?
Afro-Asiatic/Semitic (????)
dohan millet /Biblical Hebrew
dukhan millet /Arabic [source]
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Afro-Asiatic/Semitic
ttwn N /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr tobacco
LS2 839
Altaic/Turkic (?)
tütün tobacco /Modern Turkish
Some 'similarity' to the following.
Indo-European
Italic/Romance
tutun tobacco /Rumanian
Slavic
tytoń
tobacco /Polish
News, talk, waffle, piffle
? duma parliament /Ruski
Indo-European
Greek
stoma, to, mouth 2. esp. the mouth as the organ of speech /Classical Greek [lsj1]
(Cf. Avest. staman-, m. 'mouth (of dog)', Welsh safn 'mouth'.) [lsj1]
stôm-ullô, (stômulos) to be talkative, chatter, babble /Classical Greek [lsj1]
Albanian
*t|e:m- to say /Proto Albanian; thom to say /Albanian [bd]
<< *k/eh1(n)s- 'to say, instruct, announce' /PIE is the imaginary source of the Albanian. [bd]
Slavic
? duma parliament /Ruski
Balkan
? dúmos an assembly /Phrygian [cb]
Uralic
duma patter, gassy talk, waffle, piffle /Hungarian
Sumerian
dima, dimmu news, information; intention, decision (loan from Akk. t.eemum) [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
tamo tell, inform /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Etruscan
thuma "to dispose, judge" [az96]
thumitle "judgements, responses" [az96]
thumsa "judgement" [az96]
Sino-Tibetan
*da>m speak, talk, utter /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "garrulous"
zhan 1 Modern (Beijing) < c/em Middle Chinese < tam Old Chinese
gtam, gtom talk, discourse, speech, report, rumour, news, gdam-pa to advise, give counsel. /Tibetan; ĉham to repeat, utter, recite. /Lushei; djam to tell tales /Lepcha [ss]
Interpret, explain, articulate, decipher
tlmočník
interpreter /Slovak; tumač interpreter, dragoman; explanation; tumačiti to interpret, explain /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European
Germanic
also exists in German dolmetschen to interpret; Dolmetscher (m.) interpreter.
Slavic
tlmočník
interpreter /Slovak; tumač interpreter, dragoman; explanation; tumačiti to interpret, explain /Serbo-CroatianUralic
tolmas'
(Man's'i' - (Tatar) loanword) [Chong]tolm-ács interpreter /Hungarian
Hungarian tolmács is seen as a loan from Turkish.
Altaic from [Chong]
tïlmacˆ
(Chagatai, Tatar); tïlmäcˆ (Kyrgyz); dilmaç (Turkish); dïlmacˆ (Turkmen); tilmåcˆ (Uzbek)Etruscan
talmithe
(which) articulates, computes, deciphers [az96]
dvob pocket /Bulgar
Indo-European
Germanic [ep: 224]
fob /English
A fob is supposedly "a small waistband pocket in men's trousers, apparently of Germanic origin; c.f. E Prussian"
fuppe a pocket/ E Prussian
Slavic
dvob pocket /Bulgar
džep
pocket; fob /Serbo-CroatianIndo-European
Slavic
džep
pocket; fob /Serbo-CroatianIndo-Iranian/Iranian
jaib (in Persian pronounced jeb or jib), The opening at the neck and bosom (of a shirt, &c.); the breast-collar; the heart, bosom; a pocket /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
Uralic
zseb pocket /Hungarian
Officially, Hungarian zseb is supposed to be of Turkic origin. [Chong]
Afro-Asiatic
jayb pocket /Arabic [pjh]
Niger-Congo (?)
jiboo (n) paddle, new mother, pocket /Mandinka [pc1]
jiba (n.) pocket /Wollof [pc2]
A loan from Arabic? Perhaps it's from Turkic? Maybe it's from Slavic?
Altaic
cep pocket [Chong]; jib [pjh] /Turkish
jübi pocket /Turkmen [glnp]
îzeep pocket; (izäp Koybal, Kacha) /Khakas [kl]
Caucasian
jibe pocket /Georgian [pjh]
Dravidian
jeb pocket /Brahui
Courtyards and Courtesies
dvor `court, courtyard' /Slovak
(1) Indo-European [rd: 308]
Indo-European reconstruction: *dhur- door
Slavic
*dvorъ
/Proto SlavicOld Church Slavic: dvorъ `court, courtyard'; Russian: dvor `court, courtyard', dvora/ [Gens]; Czech: dvu&r `court, courtyard', dvora [Gens], dvoru [Gens]; Old Czech: dr^vi `door' [Nompl i]; Slovak: dvor `court, courtyard'; Polish: dwo/r `court, courtyard', dworu [Gens]; Serbo-Croatian: dvo:r `court, courtyard'; Slovene: dvo\r `court, courtyard';
Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: *dvir-; *dur-
Lithuanian: dva~ras `estate'; Old Prussian: dauris `big gate'
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
Avestan. duuar- `door, court'
Indo-Aryan
Sanskrit. dva:r- `door'
(2) Indo-European
Indo-Iranian/Iranian [fjs]
dawar (for dadwar), God; a just prince, governor, regent, ruler, judge, administrator, or arbiter; remedy; medicine; an opponent, adversary; name of a country; -- dawari asman, Lord of heaven, God; -- dawari a`zam, God, the Supreme Judge; -- dawari dauran, Monarch of the world; -- sultani dawar, the reigning prince /Persian
dawari empire, sovereignty, dominion; administration of justice; sentence of a judge; litigation; quarrel, dispute; a complaint made before a judge; dawari-khana a tribunal, court of justice, judgment-hall; dawari-gah a battle-field; a tribunal /Persian
diwar a wall; diwar-bast (band) a place surrounded by walls /Persian
(3) Indo-European
Indo-Iranian/Iranian [fjs]
adab (v.n.), being courteous, polite, well-bred; making a feast; courtesy, politeness, urbanity, good-breeding, respect, reverence; propriety of conduct; discipline, chastisement; learning, morality, sound doctrine; the science of polite learning; -- adab dadan, to correct, civilize, teach; to chastise, correct; -- adab kardan, to behave modestly, properly, or honestly; udaba' (pl. of adib), polite, learned, high-bred men /Persian
Loans from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
adabana with reverence, with respect; civilly, politely, courteously; wisely, learnedly; adab-kada a seat of polite manners; a kingly court ; adabi polite, learned; a scholar /Persian
[fjs] lists these as 'possible' loans from Semitic/Arabic.
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
from [mab]
∂d∂b courtesy; literature; ∂d∂bi literary /Baluchi
d∂rbar court (of a king) /Baluchi
d∂rdvar sympathetic, sensitive, tenderhearted; sympathiser /Baluchi
from [mld]
Adab A. good manners /N. Baluchi
Uralic
udvar court; yard, courtyard /Hungarian
Even though Hungarian apparently borrowed a few words from Iranian, udvar is nevertheless seen as a loan from Slavic.
udvar-ol to court someone; udvarló suitor, wooer, admirer /Hungarian
udvarias civil, polite, courteous /Hungarian
udvariatlan impolite, uncivil /Hungarian
The root apparently is udvar where suffix -i means 'of or belonging to' and -as generates the adjective. The suffix -tlan means 'lack of something' while -a- is a linking vowel and has no meaning.
Corrections and additions by
Fred Hámori in red.
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Last updated 3 June 2008