nategnuti to stretch, draw tight /Serbo-Croatian

natezati to keep pulling (drawing, stretching, tugging) at; draw tight, tighten up, brace /Serbo-Croatian

natiahnuť stretch /Slovak

*nVje- stretch /FinnUgor; n'oid-ni /Zürjen; nuj-al to pull out /Votjak

nujal- stretch, extend (intransitive); nujt- elongate, extend (transitive) (Udmurt) [Chong]

nyuj-t-ani to stretch, expand, extend; nyuj-t-oz-kod-ni to stretch /Hungarian
nyul-ni to stretch /Hungarian

nir to stretch, reach, extend; to raise high etc. [jh]

nţy to stretch out, extend, incline /Central Semitic [ahd]

ni_lba (ni_t.-) to be standing (corn), stand, be set up (Kui); niluwu long (in measuring)(Kuwi); ni_l. (ni_l.v-, ni_n.t.-) to be long, be great; n. length, extension, elongation, long time, duration, height, tallness, loftiness, depth, order, series, row; ni_l.a to a great length or distance, all along, at a great distance; ni_l.am extension, length, distance, remoteness, delay, procrastination; ni_l.i (-pp-, -tt-) to be lengthened, extended, be long as time or life, last long, endure, be protracted, delayed; n. that which is long, lofty, tall person; nil.ippu prolongation; ni_l.iyatu that which is long, that which is omnipresent; ni_n.u (ni_n.i-) to go a long distance; ni_t.u ni_t.i-) to grow long, be lengthened, be extended through space or time, spread, extend, abound, be copious, thrive, grow well, rise high, last long, endure, be permanent, delay; n. long time, permanence; ni_t.i (-pp-, -tt-) to lengthen (time, distance etc.), endure, last, be permanent; ni_t.t.u (ni_t.t.i-) to lengthen, extend, strech out, straighten, offer as oblations, give, insert, drive into, speak at length or too much, prolong as a note, delay, procrastinate, retard, defer; ni_t.t.u length as of time or space, distance; ni_t.t.am length, elongation of sound, strengthening, lengthening, procrastination; ni_t.t.al lengthening, extending, stretching; ni_t.t.i (-pp-, -tt-) to length, delay; be prolonged, endure long; nikal.am length (Tamil); ni_l.uka to extend oneself, grow long, be delayed, protracted; ni_l.a, ni_l.e_, ni_l.ave_ far; ni_l.am length, distance; ni_l.al growing longer; ni_l., ni_r.. length (in cpds.); ni_t.uka to be long; ni_t.u length, long; ni_t.t.uka to lengthen, stretch out, allow to grow, delay, hold out, give; ni_t.t.am length, stretching out, delay; ni_t.t.al lengthening; ni_t.t.u a royal handwriting, stroke, a grant of the Travancore raja, a ladder; ni_t.t.ikka to get lengthened, stretched (Malayalam); ni.r.- (ni.c-), ni.n.- (ni.d.-) (iron) becomes longer by expansion; ni.t.- (ni.t.y-) to lengthen (iron); ni.t.- (ni.c-) id., stretch out (limb)(Kota)[nu_t^urna_ to stretch out one's legs in sitting or lying down; nu_tur okkna_ to stretch out one's legs while sitting (Kur.ux); ntre to stretch out the legs when lying down (Malt.o)(DEDR 3725)] [sk]

ni.r.- (ni.r.y-) to be stretched out (hand); ni.t.- (ni.t.y-) to stretch out (hand); ni.l.- (ni.d.-) to be stretched out straight (rope), stretch oneself over or into, peep over (wall)(Toda); ni_l to grow long or high, extend, extend onself, be stretched out, spread; ni_l.a extension, length, height, tallness; ni_l.itu that is long; ni_l.pu length; ni_d.u to extend, stretch out (as the fingers, arms, tongue etc.), hold out, offer, present,give, serve out; n. extension, length, delay; further, abundantly, much, presenting; ni_t.a length (Kannad.a); ni.l.a length; ni.d.- (ni.n.d.-) to stretch out straight; ni.t.- (ni.t.i-) id., offer; ni_t.a length (Kod.agu); ni_t.uni, ni_d.uni to stretch out or forth, hold out, lengthen; ni_t.a_vuni to cause to stretch, lengthen; ni_t.a, ni_t.u long, extended, high; ni_t.a_ni_t.i lengthwise; nicuni to extend; ne_lya great, large, extensive (Tulu); ni_lugu to stretch, stretch one's limbs, strut, be conceited, presumptuous or impudent; n. stretching one's limbs, strutting, impudence (Telugu); nilba straight, erect (Kond.a)(DEDR 3692). [sk] 

húz to drag, draw, pull; huzat draught (wind; a cover one pulls on or over) /Hungarian

gíd [BU] n., length; v., to lengthen; to draw, pull, tow; to measure out; to manage; to reach out (to take) (to be long and throat-like with motion away from); adj., long; distant [jh]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 288 #2> [oi4]

Cognate Set < Ehret (1987) , #49> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Bender (1988) , #157> [oi4]

hucc- to put on cloth (Kui); hu_cali to put on clothes; hucinai to dress; hoc-, oc- (-it-) to put on, wear (loincloth)(Kuwi) [sk]

uzanmak be extented to, stretch out on, extend to /Turkish

useti draw (water) [glb]

huishina (n.) spoon; (v.) to take water and put it into a bigger container [q1]

nož knife, pocket-knife, penknife; coulter, ploughshare /Serbo-Croatian
nôž knife /Slovak

n'et't'a cut off /Ostjak; n'ets'ni cut?clear off (grass or hair) /Zürjen

nyes to cut off, trim, prune /Hungarian
nyir to shave, trim off hair, fur, etc /Hungarian

nar-ukku piece cut off; nar-ukku-tal to cut off (Pu. Ve. 3,10, Urai.)(Tamil.lex.) nar-ukku (nar-ukki-) to cut off, mince, chop, smash; n. a piece cut off (Tamil); nar-ukkuka to cut off, clip, cut in pieces as paper; nar-ukku a bit of palm-leaf (Tamil); nar-aku, nar-uku, narku to cut, hew, fell, sever, chop; n. a cut, wound; nar-akud.u, nar-ukud.u cutting, a cut (Telugu); narka_na_ to cut (but not of meat nor of crops, but generally of wood); narkana_, nar.ka_na_ to cut; nark- to cut (wood); narka_na_ to chop; nar.k- to cut with axe; nar.k- to cut (firewood); nark- to cut (fuel)Gondi); naRk- to chop, cut (Kond.a) [sk]

ebéd dinner /Hungarian
ét-, eb-, ev-, esz to eat /Hungarian

éh-es hungry, starving, famished; éh-ség hunger, starvation, famine /Hungarian

e(e), ipe, ype to eat [sm]

*ep`e ( ~ -o) bread, food /Altaic [ss]

*iu\bu to be hungry, exhausted /Altaic [ss]

*bu":pV bread /North Caucasian [ss]

biddan.a, biddana, biddina, birdan.a an invitation to dinner; a banquet, a feasting, an entertainment, a meal (Kannad.a) [sk]

un.t.i food, boiled rice, food of birds and beasts; un.a food; un.avu, un.a_ food, boiled rice, foodstuffs; u_t.t.am food, refreshment; u_t.t.i food of birds and beasts, food (Tamil); u_t.t.uka to feed, feast gods and brahmans; u_t.t.u giving rice, esp. to brahmans; u_t.t.uka_r cooks; u_n. food, boiled rice, meal (Malayalam); u.t.m meal paid to god at god-making ceremony; u.n. food, food eaten after dry funeral (Kota); un.ike taking a meal; un.n.i taking a meal, a meal; u_d.u, u_d.isu to give to eat, make eat; u_t.a taking a meal, a meal (Kannad.a) [sk]

Chorti [cw]

ipa to eat (a certain thing) /Alabama [tm]

obraz cheek, face, visage, countenance; obrazlagati to explain in detail /Serbo-Croatian; obraz image; zobraziť describe; zobrazenie image /Slovak; obraz image /Russian; obraz /Bulgar

szob-or statue; likeness; image (Mesopotamian zabar "bronze")

ábr-a (geom.) figure; ábr-áz-at face, features, countenance
ábr-áz-ol to represent, delineate, portray, describe
(possibly from szobor since leading s- in protoHungarian often wears off)

zabar bronze [jh]

sōbō features; looks; soburi manner; air; look /Japanese

arbun condition; portrait; shape, appearance, form /Manchu [as]

obrt manual trade, handicraft; industry /Serbo-Croatian
obchod trade; práca industry /Slovak {????}

ipar industry, trade, handicraft /Hungarian
Tibor male personal name /Hungarian

tíbira, ibira merchant, tradesman [jh] << Hurrian for "smith"

timur iron /Turkic

abroncs hoop, tyre /Hungarian << Iranian

ecet vinegar /Hungarian (a loan)

aĉy sour (Tatar); acI acrid, bitter; hot, peppery; painful; sharp; etc. (Turkish) [Chong]

*a:/gi acid /Altaic [ss]

egy one /Hungarian {/gy/ similar to palatised /d'/}
egyén, egyéni individual /Hungarian

igg one /Old Hungarian

Cognate Set <Bergsträsser (1983) , #158> [oi4]

thu one [lb]

aš one {Sumer š > Hung cs > gy}

aika one

Chinese meaning "be one; single; whole"

*biuri one /Altaic [ss]

huk // suk // uj // huk; huq; uk // juk "one" [cg2]

ég sky; to burn; éget to burn, scorch; égő burning, glowing /Hungarian

kohó foundry /Hungarian

Cognate Set <Cohen (1947) , #142> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Greenberg (1963), #30> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973), p. 262 #4> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Black (1974), #296.08> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Newman (1977) , #48> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1980) , #1.09b085. [oi4]

Cognate Set < Ehret (1987) , #106> [oi4]

Cognate Set < Ehret (1987) , #564> [oi4]

ahi fire. He tutu i te ahi To light a fire. /Rapanui [anon]

ahi, ehi fire; wahi, kohia firewood /Moriori [mor]

pupuhi, ahi, käpura fire /Mäori [ua]
ahi, kapura, mapura, pahunu fire; ki fire /Mäori [ng]

_kün sun /Turkish
gün 1. sun 2. day /Turkmen [glnp]
kn day /Cuman [pbg]

egun day, eguzki sun; eki (LN,Z,U) sun

*=o:gwV to burn /North Caucasian [ss]

*=i:k.wV to burn, set on fire /North Caucasian [ss]

*'ą~ką~ke- parching (палящий), hot (горячий) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN618]

Chorti

Classical Greek [lsj1]

Slavic (?)

Classical Greek [lsj1]

*kin'a elbow /Uralic
kanGel elbow/Vogul, koNnai /Ostjak kyynärä elbow/Finn

kany-ar-od to bend, turn; kany-ar-og to wind, meander /Hungarian
köny-ök elbow /Hungarian

koñ street, corner /Wollof [pc2]

*kiojna elbow, angle /Altaic [ss]

*k`iu/n|(k)u to bend, bow /Altaic [ss]

*čkẹŋi- (~ *rk-) to be bent, to bend (искривиться, скрючиться) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN167]

khon, khoni upper part of forearm /Kannad.a [sk]

*gan.- joint /Dravidian [ss]

kangan.i elbow; kongon.i crooked; go_nkot.i bent, crooked; kongoni arm (Kuwi); konga, kohonga elbow (Naikri)(DEDR 2032).[sk]

kunagay, kunamkay, kunankay elbow; koondakaiyoo elbow (Gondi.); kot.u bent, curved (Tamil)(DEDR 2054a).[sk]

*kōn.- corner, crooked /Dravidian [ss]

*q.o|(n)tV 1 knee 2 ankle /Tsezian [ss]

aInt span (between the thumb and the small finger) /Lak [ss]

*q.Iunt elbow /Lezghian [ss]

okuka angular bend, curve; bend; winding, curvature, turn; knee /Serbo-Croatian; koleno knee /Slovak

wklel uo "with fist", "fisted" /Old Hungarian (~ 1300 AD) [gzb1]
öklelve /Modern Hungarian

ököl fist /Hungarian

kulyak fist /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)

gig elbow, joint ?

muka a cubit, in contrast to uka the elbow; the number of cubits wanted; to measure in cubits, i.e. to measure by the length of one's forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger (Mundari.lex.) [sk]

ukabil fist; ukarai wrist; uko forearm; ukondo elbow

*wolne lead & tin /FinnUgor; alen silver,gold /Vogul; olne lead /Ostjak; Bulne tin /Cheremis

ólom lead /Hungarian
on tin /Hungarian

an, anak tin (also most later Mesopotamian languages)

livnica foundry, smelting-plant /Serbo-Croatian

*aNa to melt /FinnUgor

olv-ad to melt, smelt; olv-asztó-mühely foundry, smelter /Hungarian

old- to melt and separate, to solve a problem/Hungarian (?)
olv-as to read < to solve /Hungarian

ulgush to read /Hurrian

ola foundry; factory

omlitaviti to lose vigour; become flabby; droop, slacken, relax /Serbo-Croatian

oml-ik to fall to pieces, collapse; oml-ad-ék ruins /Hungarian
oml-ad-oz to fall into ruins; to decay /Hungarian

aum poor, wretched [az96]

-andó, -endő this suffix denotes "action that is to be completed"

jövendő future; állandó constant, lasting, standing; hajlandó willing, ready, inclined; leendő (anya) = (mother) to be; múlandó fleeting, ephemeral; teendő work (to be done)

indi 1. now 2. next, following; indiki next; indikile next time /Turkmen [glnp]

ondore (G,L,LN,U) result, consequence; future; succession
ondoren (C) consequence, result, conclusion; conj./prep. after (B,G)
ondorio (L,LN,Z,U) result, outcome; effect, outcome

ayinda_, ainda hereafter, next time, in future (Kannad.a,Telugu)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

âinda future /Brahui

è-de future suffix , e(n) future suffix

onoliko as much, so much, as many, so many /Serbo-Croatian

annyi as much as /Hungarian

hány (interrogative pronoun) "how many?" /Hungarian
ahány (rel. pron.) as many /Hungarian

ene plural

änjä so much as {I:747 Sagay dialect} [kl]

ain (B,G) (adv.) "so"; hain (L,LN,Z,U) (adv.) so; so much; such; hoin (L,LN,Z); aina (B,G) (adv.) as much as; haina (conj.) as much as

haymas, haiⁿ-mas how (much or many) [y84]

apad to sink, subside, weaken, ebb, diminish /Hungarian

süpped to sink, subside /Hungarian

szab to cut, trim; to constrain; limit /Hungarian

šab to apportion (lots); to chip out, snip out; to deduct, subtract; to disappear, fall out; to gather up [jh]

Cognate Set <Bergsträsser (1983) , #155> [oi4]

*ca>p cut, trim /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

*[c/]ep tear, break /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

soppisu to cause to slacken, languish, sink away; soppu to slacken, repress, check; n. slackness, weakness, languishing, sinking away (Kannad.a) [sk]

topaaka to be shallow; to recede, dry up in several places (may refer to a creek gone dry here and there) {/topa(t)-ka¹} /Alabama [tm]

topatka to recede (of water) to a level lower than normal (as a creek in the summer), dry up (as a puddle), evaporate {/topat-ka¹} Pl: topaaka /Alabama [tm]

topatli to dry up (something) (topatchi, topathili, topathachi) {/topat-li} /Alabama [tm]

opaziti to see, catch sight of, observe, notice; opažati to keep watching /Serbo-Croatian

bedlivý, bdelý watchful /Slovak (unlikely too different)

éb-er watchful, vigilant; awake, waking /Hungarian
éb-ren awake, waking; éb-reszt to waken, to wake (up) /Hungarian

er..bisu, er..visu, ebbisu, erbu, ebbu to rouse, awaken, lift up, raise, take away, give life (Kannad.a) [sk]

*op- work /Proto IE [cg2]

ép healthy, sound; intact, unbroken, unharmed, whole /Hungarian
ép-ít, ép-ül to build, make, construct, erect; ép-ül-et building /Hungarian

Cognate Set < Ehret (1980) , #1.09b102> [oi4]

*ebe to carry on the back /Altaic [ss]

abe (C) column, pillar, support; (fig.) supporter of the family; stanchion; (fig.) cross; habe (L,LN,Z,U) beam; column, pillar; cross

ep to do; epl work, labor; eple, epule worker [az96]

epiur, epeur "child/youth companion of Hercules, who presents him to Tinia or Minverva" [g/lb83]

"Opes, god of resources, strength, power" [az96] < *ep strength, work, labor [az96]

yib strong /Chuj; ai-yip "has strength"; ip' strength /Jaca; ayi!p /Kanj; 'ip force, power /Moto [jd]

saapoka burden carried on the back, backpack Usage: Older word. {/saapo-ka¹ (?)} /Alabama [tm]

saapola burden, pack, backpack {/saapol-a} /Alabama [tm]

saapoli /Alabama [tm]

apaq (adj.) carrier; apay to carry [q2]
apu (adj.) mighty; powerful; rich; wealthy [q2]

?ąp- carry on the back₂ [y84]

erő- force, power, strength; erő-s strong; erő-szak-os aggressive /Hungarian
erős-ít fortify, steel, to strengthen; erő-feszítés a push /Hungarian
eről-köd to make an effort; to exert; eről-tet to force /Hungarian
nyer to win; gain; profit, get /Hungarian

uru₁₆ (-n) valiant; strong, mighty; clever [jh]

*n|o:\r/a to surpass, win, contest /Altaic [ss]

era- "to cause, make someone do something"
eraso to attack, rush on; eraso-kor aggressive

ārru (ārri-) to become strong, powerful, be possible, sufficient; ārral strength, power, prowess, ability, abundance, endurance, courage; ārra greatly, exceedingly, entirely /Tamil //// ārruka to grow richly, thrive; ārram much / Malayalam //// ār (ārt-) to be or become strong, be powerful, able; āru power, daring, self-will /Kannad.a [bur]

a_r-r-u (a_r-r-i-) to become strong, powerful, be possible, be sufficient, accumulate (as wealth), sustain, carry; a_r-r-al strength, power, prowess, ability, abundance, endurance, courage; a_r-r-a greatly, exceedingly, entirely; a_n-r-a excellent, grand, splendid; a_n-r-al greatness, dignity, abundance, copiousness; a_n-r-avar, a_n-r-a_r, a_n-r-o_r erudite, wise persons; a_n-r-o_l. lady of exalted character (Tamil); a_r-r-uka to grow richly, thrive; a_r-r-am much; a_r-r-al growing; healthy, magnificent growth; a_nr-a wide, excellent (Malayalam); a.r- (only in negative, following S -ul.) not to be willing to do so-and-so; (only in negative, following S -l) cannot do so-and-so (Kota); o.xar-e- you will not be (Toda); a_r- (a_rt-) to be or become strong, be powerful, able, or competent, be possible, can, may, be adequate, be able for, be able to endure; a_r-u power, daring, self-will; a_rpu might, force, daring, valour; a_ke power, valour; a_pa being strong, being able, being possible (Kannad.a); a.t- (a.ti-) (body) attains maturity (at about 21 years), (fruit, grain) becomes mature but not yet ripe; a.ti full-grown but not yet ripe (guava, jack, coconut)(Kod.agu); a_t.u, a~_t.u to be adequate, sufficient, be capable of, endure (Telugu)(DEDR 407). [sk]

urat.u, urat.a, urut.a, ur(u)t.u, ut.t.u, orat.u, ort.u coarseness (of cloth, thread, hari), thickness, stoutness; orpu strength, firmness, durableness, coarseness (of cloth); urku, ukku power, valour (Kannad.a); ura (-pp-, -tt-) to become firm, hard (as the soil), become thick, coarse (as paper); urappu hardness (as of rice that is not well boiled), coarseness or roughness (as of paper or cloth), resoluteness, strength; uram strength, hardness, compactness, resolution, heart of a tree, manure (as strengthening the soil); uran- strength of will, support; uran-ar persons of strong will; uravu (uravi-) to become vigorous, get strong; uravam strength, force; uravan-, uraviyan-, uravo_n- strong man; uravu strength, firmness, strength of mind, increasing (Tamil); urakka to be strong; urattan strong man; uram strength, firmness (Malayalam); orp- (orpy-) to excel (Kota); u.n. pith; ut-ir, utin-ir, us'tin-ir best buffalo in herd; ut-ox best woman (Toda.)(DEDR 649) [sk]

arus ame to encourage; arusia exhortation, push [az96]
arvasa having pushed, driven, raised [az96]

*erä big, many /Uralic [ryan]

óri-ás, óri-ás-i giant, huge /Hungarian

ouhr great, how great, many, much? /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

iru greatness, spacious, vast

aran upper; top; superior [q2]

IE *wiro- "a man" [cb]

airidh worthy /Gaelic; airigh (Ulster), airigh, nobleman / Irish; aire(ch), primas, lard / Old Irish; árya, good, a lord; ârya, Aryan, âryaka, honourable man /Sanskrit [mcb]

urradh, urrainn authority, guarantee, author /Gaelic, Irish urra(dh), surety, author, defendant, urrain, stay, prop, Middle Irish errudus, responsibility; from ràth, ràthan, surety. Urradha were a chief's "gentlemen" paying rent or service [mcb]

urram honour, respect /Gaelic, Irish urram, urraim, honour, deference, submission, Middle Irish urraim, homage: *air-réim? [mcb]

firionn male /Gaelic, so Irish; firend /Early Irish; from fear a man /Gaelic; c.f. Latin vir; Anglo-Saxon wer, Norse verr, English werwolf; Lithuanian wy/ras; Sanskrit vîra [see mcb]

ari-os nobleman /Gaulish [cg1]
uiro- a man, a husband /Gaulish [cb]

ěrus -i master, owner, lord /Latin
vīr a man; a male person /Latin

see Herr man, gentleman, lord /German {see Postulated non-IE substrate vocabulary in the Germanic languages [see mc1]}

*bur- man; husband /Proto Albanian [bd] < ? *b^hh₂u-ro- /PIE [bd]

arsha male; brave, valiant /Avestan
iri (in Zand and Pazand) a man; manliness, bravery /Persian [fjs]

Hungarian férj "husband" is of FU origin [see Chong]

*er, er-kek /Turc
*ere /Mongol
*ur /Tungus
*òràpì /Korean [ss]

er-e master or husband/Kannad.a; ere anyone who is great/ Kannad.a; er-eya a master, a king; a husband /Tamil; ir-ai anyone who is great /Tamil; ir-a_n, er-e master or husband /Kannad.a; ere anyone who is great/ Kannad.a; er-eya a master, a king; husband /Tamil /Malayalam; /Kannad.a ; sire, princes /Malayalam; er-e state of being a master or a husband; er-eya master, king, husband /Kannad.a; er-a lord (Telugu 7th-8th cent. inscr.) [sk]