Celtic

Slavic

bodn-ár cooper [maker of barrels or wooden things] << bo-t stick, staff Hungarian << *puwe wood /FU

botška barrel, cask /Vaddja [fv]

badya tub

*bad.-i club, stick [ss]

Slav,South/Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan/Sanskrit

báj charm, grace; báj-ós charming, graceful; bű-báj-ós enchanting /Hungarian
báj-ital magic potion /Hungarian << Altaic bö magician, shaman

faj (v.) to cure, treat, heal, solve; fajkat (n.) healer; faju (v.) to cure oneself /Wollof [pc2]

buyu incantation, sorcery; charm /Turkish

*bo\ge/ wizard, holy /Altaic [ss]

bo.ji beauty, goodness; bo.jan:gun.d.i well, in proper fashion; bo.ja-ka.re best man at wedding; bo.j avve mother's younger sister (Kod.agu); bo_ja excellence, greatness, pride (Tulu); bu_ja (bu_ji-) to be beautiful, handsome; n. beauty; adj. beautiful, handsome (Kui)(DEDR 4579). [sk]

bujjayisu, bujjavisu to cajole, to flatter, to console, to persuade (Kannad.a); bujjagicu (Telugu); bullayisu, bullavisu to coax; to fondle (Kannad.a); bellincu (Telugu); punna_ra, ponna_ra flattering, coaxing (Kannad.a); bo_sarisu to show feigned respect, to flatter; to coax; bo_l.ayisu to court, to coax, to caress, to fondle, to pat (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

bejja, bejju, vaija, vaidya Vedic; relating to medicine, medical, medicinal; a medical man, a doctor, a physician, amr.takara; the business of a physician, medical practice, medical treatment; a medicine (Kannad.a lex.); ayittiyan- doctor (Tamil lex.) [sk]

Slavic

Indo-Iranian

baka foot soldier /Hungarian

pyg N pyg) /Aramaic [cal]

Slavic

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

vaalia (v) to roll /Vaddja [fv]

bála bale (rolled up and round) /Hungarian
boly-ong to wander circularly; boly-gó wandering; planet, satellite /Hungarian

bala ('), bal to revolve; to turn around, go back; etc.... [jh]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #576> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #583> [oi4]

balik- "to return," /Philippines [pkm]

perik- "to turn" /Shark Bay I; poria- "to turn" (Penantsiro, Morouas); -bilih- "to turn" /Vinmavis; baling- "to turn" Philippines [pkm]

pol.e to roll, roll about, to move about, to move to and fro, to wallow, to welter, to move in a circle (Kannad.a) [sk]

valayuka to wander about (Malayalam); wali_ta_na_ to roam, wander; caus. wali_sta_na_; veliya_na_ to roam; vali_ta_na_ to wander; vali_- to go round, roam; caus. valih-; vel- to wander, roam; veli- to wander (Gondi)(DEDR 5286). alai to roam, wander; alaiccal, alaical wandering; alaiyal wandering (Tamil); ale to wander (Kannad.a)(DEDR 240) [sk]

*val.-ai- to turn, to surround [ss]

pala roundness, rotundity [mp68: 55, 371]
velathri round, turning [az96]
velethia, veletha, velithana, velisina express, rotation, roundness [az96]

bolokta to be circular, ringlike, round; to double (e.g. a recipe) /Alabama [tm]
boloktachi to circle, make a circle around, surround; to make round, make in a circle /Alabama [tm]

pa?alič circle₂ [y84]
p'a·lič, pal', paletc round₁, circle [y84]

Raeto-Romance (?)

Slavic

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

pálya course, profession, track, rink, racetrack /Hungarian

bala ('), bal to revolve; to turn around, go back; etc.... [jh]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 51 #> [oi4]

*p`a:\la field, level ground /Altaic [ss: 1723]

Tungus

veli ‘field’ /Georgian [pjh]

*pal.- plain, valley /Dravidian [ss: 1168] [DED: 4016]

*po\l- field, rice-field /Dravidian [ss: 1312] [DED: 4303]

páramo "empty plain, valley" is part of the Iberian substratum defined by linguists [cb5]

*//hara field, garden /Central Khoisan [ss: 432]

vri_ to go, move; vli_ to go, move (Sanskrit.lex.) [sk]

ball-ag to stroll /Hungarian

*p`el/o walk /Altaic [ss]

ibili to walk

po_li, po_lu (contraction of po_kali) going, strolling; stray (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a.lex.) [sk]

valayuka to wander about (Malayalam); wali_ta_na_ to roam, wander; caus. wali_sta_na_; veliya_na_ to roam; vali_ta_na_ to wander; vali_- to go round, roam; caus. valih-; vel- to wander, roam; veli- to wander (Gondi)(DEDR 5286). alai to roam, wander; alaiccal, alaical wandering; alaiyal wandering (Tamil); ale to wander (Kannad.a)(DEDR 240) [sk]

Meaning "walk/go" :-
belal /Huas; s#im-bal /Laca; s#i>imbal /Yuca; bel /Itza; be-el /Tzel; bel /Jaca; bel /Mam [jd]

Anatolian

Romance

Slavic

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

bán a type of governor or overseer /Hungarian

ispán district or county governor /Hungarian < span (older form) [art: p.115]

Slavic

Indo-Iranian [ap: p.26]

Armenian

(1) Germanic [ep: 466]

(2) Germanic

Slavic

pénz coin, money /Modern Hungarian
pensa 11^th. Century coinage /Old Hungarian [ob]

baník miner /Slovak

bánya mine, pit; bányász miner /Hungarian

pan.e ground that is worked; tillage; a quarry (Kannad.a, Malayalam); pan.ai, pan.n.ai /Tamil; pan.n.eya, pan.ya, pan.e a farm, a landed estate (Kannad.a lex.); pan.e quarry; kalpan.e quarry where red laterite stones are cut (Tulu.lex.) [sk]

Slavic

Indo-Iranian

Italic

Slavic

bárány lamb /Hungarian

barom ass, beast, brute, idiot; cattle, livestock /Hungarian

barin domesticated animal [Chong]

beren ram /Tatar [Chong]

borjú calf, heifer /Hungarian

Egyptian

Semitic

*biáŕi calf /Altaic [ss]

ho_ri a bull calf, an uncastrated young male of the ox kind, a young bull /Kannad.a; bo_ri /Tulu; ho_ri-gar-a a bull calf; ho_riyad.e cowdung /Kannad.a(Kannad.a lex.); po_ra a child; a little boy; a young and inexperienced person (Kannad.a, Telugu); ho_ri a little girl /Kannad.a(Kannad.a lex.) cf. po.ry young bullock (one or two and a half years)(Kota) cf. po_r-a_d.u child, boy, young man /Telugu [sk]

pa.l. buffalo calf between one and two years old (Kota); po.l. female buffalo calf between one and two years old (Toda); pa_rol.u a young she-buffalo (Tulu) (DEDR 4118) [sk]

*borsuk, *borsmuk badger /Turkic [ss]

*borki old badger /Mongol [ss]

*usirk badger /Korean [ss]

*bosaki, *usaki hare /Japanese [ss]

*mamaĉ:V (~-o-) badger /Andian [ss]

*beru~ŝ:V badger /Tsezian [ss]

x:u-wajs:a badger /Lak [ss]

*p:aIrĉ- (~*w-,-ŝ-) badger /Lezghian [ss]

Slavic

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

bársony velvet /Hungarian << Iranian ? Osset

pu_r'z'õn silk (Chuvash); barĉïn brocade (Kipchak, Tk - Kashgai) [Chong]

Reconstruction

Greek

Italic

Germanic

Slavic

Classical Greek [lsj1]

Slav,South/Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian

besz-éd speech, sermon, talk, conversation; besz-él to speak, talk, converse
besz-ély tale, short story

bi, bé to say, speak [jh]

bau-še word, command, matter [ryan]

Tungus

Japanese

bahasa language /Indon., Malay.; basa to read /Phil., also basahin to read; basa language /Kawi; vosa to speak, say , word, language /Fiji; waha mouth, voice /Maori; waha saying, word, mouth, voice, language /common Polynesian; vasa to speak /Sesake; vasana speech, visiena speech /Api; bosa to speak /Florida, Ysabel; bacah language /Proto-Philippine; phaasaa language /Thai; -bisi to say /Visina, Mapremo, Nikaura; basa to speak /Efate [pkm]

basa language (old India) /Dravidian (loan into Sanskrit)

ba_se language, promise (Tulu lex.) vacavu scolding (Tamil lex.) ba_siga, ba_ciga, ba_sega a speaker, a talker, a jester (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

pe_cu (pe_ci-) to talk, speak, converse, make noise, roar; tell, say, recite, praise; pe_cal, pe_ccal talking; pe_ccu speakig, speech, language, praise, talk, report, rumour, word (Tamil); speech, language; pe_cuka to speak, chatter (as birds)( Malayalam); pe.c to talk to oneself; per.c to give irrelevant answers, talk nonsense, talk with impropriety in presence of holy man (Kota) [sk]

Celtic

Slavic

Armenian

Indo-Iranian

Officially, Hungarian buta is of unknown origin. [Chong]

fuuta (adj.) aimless, foolish /Mandinka [pc1]

bwd A /Aramaic [cal]

budala silly, imbecile (Turkish) {Chong]
bidagu (Classical Mongol) [Chong]

pe_t.i fear, cowardice (Malayalm); he_d.i, he_d.e, e_d.i coward, timid (Tulu)(DEDR 4434). [sk]

bad.d.u bluntness, dullness (Kannad.a); blunt, edgeless; dull, stupid, obtuse (Tulu)(DEDR 3883) [sk]

bluna blockhead, dullard, idiot, noodle /Serbo-Croatian

bolond fool, lunatic, idiot, stupid, silly /Hungarian

balama reckless, mad, crazy /Manchu [as]
beli silly; beliyen shiftless, stupid /Manchu [as]

be_l., be_l.uve bewilderment, infatuation, madness (Kannad.a); bi_t.ana state of being bewildered etc. (Kannad.a); be_la simpleton; simple, ignorant (Telugu)(DEDR 4445). [sk]

Slavic

Indo-Iranian/Iranian (?)

bélyeg stamp, mark, brand /Hungarian < Uigur Turk

billog /Old Hungarian [bo]

Turkic

Mongol

por-i to impress, stamp, inscribe; be impressed or imprinted; n. mark, impression, sign, token, knowledge (Tamil); sign, knowledge (Malayalam) [sk]

bet writing brush /Anc Chinese

Celtic

Germanic

Slavic

Paleo-Balkan

Balto-Slavic

Indo-Iranian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

Slavic

vil- shine,sparkle; vil-ág-ít to shine; vill-an to flash; /Hungarian
vill-og to flash, glitter; vill-ám light-ning /Hungarian

walgalta-, wolgalta- dawn, get light; shine; walgõdõ, wolgõdõ bright, light; brightness, light /Mari; val'k, val't lustrous, resplendant /Udmurt (FU) [Chong]

valgõti (n) dawn /Vaddja [fv]

piriğ₃ light; píriğ bright; bar_6,7 shine, bright [jh]

mul star; constellation.planet, to sparkle

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 254 #2> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1983) , #1.01> [oi4]

Turkic

*p`iŭľ star /Altaic [ss]

*pul- dawn; to shine /Dravidian [ss]

pular to dawn; pularcci dawning; pularpu, pularvu, pulari dawn; pula_vu to dawn; pur--pull-en-al expr. indicating break of day; pun-n-am-pulari early dawn (Tamil); pularuka to dawn, light to appear; pular dawn; pularcca daybreak; pularttuka to bring to the light (Malayalam); pola- (polav-, poland-) to dawn; polat- (polati-) to spend night until dawn; polace, polaca dawn; pola.ka morning (Kod.agu); pulle, pullya, pullyakela, pullayakole morning, daybreak; early in the morning (Tulu); pulpulre to shine through whiteness (Malt.o)(DEDR 4305). [sk]

par par in- (id--) (country, na.r.) becomes a little light before dawn (Kota); pare to dawn (Kannad.a); para~gu to shine (Telugu); pari inba to dawn, break (dawn); n. early dawn (Kui); parce to shine brightly, be seen clearly (Malt.o)(DEDR 3980). [sk]

pr.iski spark (Pengo); pr.ihe, pr.ihki id. (Mand.a); pr.iska, pr.isi id. (Kuwi); prishk id. (Brahui); pori a spark (Malayalam, Tulu); throw out sparks (Tamil) [sk]

vel., ven. white, shining, bright; vel.i (-pp-, -tt-) to break (as the day), become bright; vel.iccam light, lamp; ven.mai whitness, brightness; vil.an:ku (vil.an:ki-) to shine, become renowned; vil.akku (vil.akki-) to make clear; lamp, light, lustre; vil.ar whiteness; vil.arppu id. (Tamil); vel.i, vel.ivu light; vel.iccam light; vel.ukka to dawn, be bright; vel.l.i silver; vil.akku lamp, light (Malayalam); vel. white; vel.g (vel.gy-) (country) becomes light before dawn (Kota); pol.p whitness (Toda); bel.(u), bel.a, bel.(u)pu, bel.atige, bel.antige, bel.l.age, bil.a, bil.u, bil.i, bil.e, bil.apu, bil.(u)pu whiteness, brightness; bel.a, bel.aku, bel.agu light, lamp; bel.agu to shine, become bright, manifest oneself; bel.l.i silver (Kannad.a); bol.i- (bol.ip-, bol.it-) to become white; bol.aki, bol.ica lamp; bol.i light; bol.ipi whiteness; bol.l.i silver (Kod.agu); bol.u, bolu, bol.un:gar, bolci, bol.l.ar, bol.l.enti white, bright; bolkara whitish; bol.du, boldu brightness (Tulu)[cf. por..utu sun, time, opportunity (Tamil)(DEDR 4559)]; bol.pu light, wick or candle; bol.ya light, white, clear; bol.kiru clearing of the sky; bol.l.i star, silver; bul.aku brightness; bel.agu brightness, splendour; bel.aguni to shine, glitter; bel.aga_vuni to make shine; polish; bil.i white (Tulu); velu~gu to shine, give light; burn, flame; light, splendour; veluka whiteness; velacu to clean; velayu to shine, be renowned; velayincu to render bright; velaru whiteness; veli, velidi white; vella, vellani white; vellana, velli, vellika whiteness; ven.d.i silver; bel.a~ku, bel.uku to shine, gleam, glitter; (inscr.) bel.agu lustre; bolli spotted white (Telugu); velen., velun.(g), velang light (Kolami); vil white; vilg-, vili- to be white; vilid light (Parji); viled white; vind.- to become light, be illuminated (Gadba); vella, wella white (Kuwi); bilcna_ to shine, glitter, sparkle; bilcta'a_na_ to polish, cause to shine or glitter; billi_ light, flame (Kur.ux); bilbilre to shine brilliantly (Malt.o)(DEDR 5496a). [sk]

va_l lustre, splendour, brightness, fame (Tamil); pa.l. spark (?Toda); va_lu to increase, rise, swell, flourish, be splendid, shine (?) (DEDR 5377) [sk]

pulpai, pulpa shining, splendid [az96]
pulum shining, splendid, pulumxva stars, star-count [az96]
fulumxva splendor > famous (man) [az96]
fuluve-, hvuluve, pulumxva, vhulve, vhuluena splendid, shining [az96]

palanina to shine [q1]

Classical Greek [lsj1]

Albanian

Indo-Iranian

bor wine /Hungarian

palo fire (Finnish) [Chong]
par-ázs coal ember /Hungarian
pír blush, flush, glow; flush of dawn; pir-os red; pir-ul flush, blush; pir-kad-ás dawn, day break /Hungarian

virr-ad to dawn, shine /Hungarian
vör-ös red; vér-es bloody /Hungarian

bar _6,7 v., to shine, be bright; to break (of the day) adj., white [jh]

Egyptian

Semitic

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983), p. 78 #><Black (1974), #301.05b><Black (1974), #293.11b> [oi4]

Tungus

Turkic

*puli ( ~ p`-,-l/-, -o-e) red /Altaic

whero crimson /Moriori [mor]
whero, kura, waituhi red /Mäori [ng]

*h|irV red /North Caucasian [ss]

*pul- dawn; to shine /Dravidian [ss]

pular to dawn; pularcci dawning; pularpu, pularvu, pulari dawn; pula_vu to dawn; pur--pull-en-al expr. indicating break of day; pun-n-am-pulari early dawn (Tamil); pularuka to dawn, light to appear; pular dawn; pularcca daybreak; pularttuka to bring to the light (Malayalam); pola- (polav-, poland-) to dawn; polat- (polati-) to spend night until dawn; polace, polaca dawn; pola.ka morning (Kod.agu); pulle, pullya, pullyakela, pullayakole morning, daybreak; early in the morning (Tulu); pulpulre to shine through whiteness (Malt.o)(DEDR 4305). [sk]

par par in- (id--) (country, na.r.) becomes a little light before dawn (Kota); pare to dawn (Kannad.a); para~gu to shine (Telugu); pari inba to dawn, break (dawn); n. early dawn (Kui); parce to shine brightly, be seen clearly (Malt.o)(DEDR 3980). [sk]

pr.iski spark (Pengo); pr.ihe, pr.ihki id. (Mand.a); pr.iska, pr.isi id. (Kuwi); prishk id. (Brahui); pori a spark (Malayalam, Tulu); throw out sparks (Tamil) [sk]

Germanic

Albanian

Slavic

*peje to cook /Uralic

forró {p>f} hot /Hungarian
pir-ít fries, fry /Hungarian

bír dry up, shrivel up, misty; bir₉ blaze up, flame up; bil to roast, to burn

*p`o\re fire; burn /Altaic [ss]

wera hot; wera, ka burn /Mäori [ng]

bero (n.) heat, (adj.) hot (C)

*wir@:q._A> sun /North Cuacasian [ss] (????)

bir.na_ (bid.d.-) (sun) to be hot /?Kur.ux; beru sun /Malto; pori (-pp-, -tt-) to fry /Tamil; pur.pa (pur.t-) to roast /Kui; pori a spark (Malayalam, Tulu); throw out sparks /Tamil [sk]

pariy to burn [q2]

burunaka vt. (burupi) fry; burn partially or unevenly [ud]
burus aversion; object of hatred [ud]

mlačan tepid, lukewarm; irresolute, half-hearted; mlačiti to warm, tepify; mlak lukewarm, tepid; mlakonja lukewarm (indifferent, slack) person /Serbo-Croatian

*mäle- warm, to warm /Ugrian, Vogul maltip, mali; Ostjak melek

mel-eg heat, warmth; hot /Hungarian

mèl scorching; bilgin fire god {m>b}
mul star; constellation.planet, to sparkle

mala (n) light; mala (v) to burn, engine /Mandinka [pc1]
malamala to shine, glitter /Mandinka [pc1]

melax (n.) shine; melaxal (n.) lightning, thunder lightning; (v.) to shine /Wollof [pc2]

bulukan lukewarm, warm /Manchu [as]

mura blaze /Moriori [mor]

*miłγą fire/light (огонь) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN30]

mul.ari sacrificial fuel, firewood, fire, firebrand, fever; mul.i to dry, burn, be scorched, perish; mu_l. to kindle, catch fire, be kindled, stirred up (as anger) (Tamil); scorched or dry (Malayalam) [sk]

murun:ku to simmer (i.e. smoulder); muruku to exceed the proper limit in heating; murut.u firewood; muruku fuel (Tamil); muthre to be scorched (Malt.o); murun.t.u to cause to burn, kindle (Kannad.a); muripuni to burn, consume (as firewood for culinary purposes); muripa_vuni to cause to burn; murlu kindling fire into a blaze; murluni a spark to be kindled into a blaze; murtelu dry leaves, etc. used for kindling fire (Tulu); murye to singe the feathers of a bird preparatory to roasting it; muthre to be scorched; muthrtre to scorch (Malt.o) [sk]

Reconstruction

Germanic

Italic

Paleo-Balkan

Slavic

Balto-Slavic

*pura-,*porV- to rage, to boil, to bubble

forr- to boil, bubble /Hungarian
forr-ás source, origin; forrásvíz well, spring (root forr- to boil, bubble) /Hungarian

bugy-boré-kol to bubble /Hungarian

*bi^Dr- well, cistern /Common Semitic [ahd]

*bi^Dr well /Phœnician [ahd]

b)r N b)r) /Aramaic [cal]

*biujri well, spring /Altaic [ss]

bor-bor (B,U) (n. onomat.) noise of boiling liquid
borborka adv. boiling, boilingly; borborkatu to bubble, gush, to boil

*pur"- to boil /Dravidian[ss]

varhk- (water) to boil /Kuwi. [sk]

var..i to overflow, flow; to shed, let flow; var..iyal that which overflows or drains off (Tamil); var..iyuka to flow, overflow; var..iccal overflowing; var..ikka to cause to overflow (Malayalam); bal.i to flow out completely (as oil from an inverted pot)(Kannad.a); var.a_na_, war.a_na_, var.-, vara_na_ to leak, drip (Gondi); var.- (-t-) to drip down (as through filter); var.in (pl.) in: pu_s var.in saliva (Kond.a) [sk]

Germanic

Slavic

Reconstruction

Slavic

Tocharian

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

*mete honey /Proto FU

mesi (Finnish); ma (Komi); med' (Mordvin); mu (Udmurt) [Chong]

méz honey; mézbór "mead" /Hungarian

méh bee; méh-es, méh-kas apiary, beehive /Hungarian

Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 377a #1> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Bender (1988), #212> [oi4]

missō a honey-receptacle; a nectary; mitsu honey; nectar /Japanese

*mi>z|V sweet /North Caucasian [ss]

mas phuki_ the smallest kind of bee; mas, mesi a kind of small bee; mes beehive; mes nayi honey /Gondi; miceri, miciri a species of bee /Kannad.a [sk]

math honey [lb]

mishqui sweet, tasty; mishquichuspi bee {"sweet" + " fly"} [q1]