Euskara Magyar
These lists contain 'SIMILARITIES' not alleged Basque-Hungarian cognates!
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kontu
(C) charge, responsibility, care, caution, precaution; account, bill, check; difficulty, problem; story /BasqueUralic
gond care, worry, anxiety, concern /Hungarian
gond-ol to think /Hungarian
Officially, Hungarian gond is of unknown origin. [Chong]
Altaic
*gu:\no think /Altaic [ss]
*guni- be sad, anxious /Mongolian [ss]
guni- /Khalkha; g|un/@- /Kalmuck; guni- /Dagur [ss]
*gu:n- 1 to say 2 to think /Tungus [ss]
gu:n- 1 /Negidal; Guni- 2 /Manzhu; un(de)- 1 /Nanai; wembuwu 1 /Ulcha; un- 1 /Orok; xen-duru 1 /Zhurzhen; go":n- 1 /Even; gu:n- 1 /Evenki [ss]
{ Loss of *g- in Ulch., Orok. and Nan. is unclear.} [ss]
*ky\ny\r- to take care of, to look after /Korean [ss]
ky\ny\r'u\- /Middle Korean [ss]
kynyly-da /Modern Korean [ss]
*k@\n@\-m- like, wish /Japanese [ss]
ko\no\m- /Old Japanese [ss]
kono/m- /Tokyo [ss]
Dravidian
co_ntai interest, concern, connection; advance in coin or kind given by a land-owner to his cultivating tenant in order that the latter may remain continually attached to him (Tamil lex.) [sk]
Indo-European
Iranian
gynd∂g to see; gynd-w-č∂ar see-and-look: deliberation, consideration /Baluchi [mab]
Indo-Aryan
cint (1) think, reflect (2) set one's thoughts upon; think upon; (3) call attention to /Sanskrit
cintā thought; anxious or sad thought; sorrow; plans < cint /Sanskrit
kopa
(B,G,U) cup, goblet, glass /BasqueUralic
kupa
cup [probably a loanword] /HungarianAfro-Asiatic/Semitic
qb' goblet /Phœnician [cgj]
kwb#2 N kwb) /Aramaic [cal]
1 JLAGal pitcher 2 Syr cup 3 JBA cash
LS2 320, J 616
LS2 v: kuwbA)
kp N kp) /Aramaic [cal]
1 ImpArEgOst,Palestinian,Syr,JBA palm, hand 2 ImpArEg hand: 1/3 of a cubit 3 Syr handful 4 ImpArEg spoon, ladle 5 Syr cup 6 Syr,JBA dish 7 JLATg pan of a scale 8 Syr,JBA sheaf, bundle 9 Syr %ddabrA)% plant name 10 JBA shoulder
LS2 339, J 657
LS2 v: kap.A) abs. voc: kap
Austro-Asiatic
khapri the skull; khapra pit.ha bread made from flour and water and baked in a piece of broken earthenware; khapra a large piece of broken earthenware (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Caucasian
*q_wa:p.a: pot, vessel /North Caucasian [ss]
*qa:p.a earthenware pot /Nakh [ss]
qa:ba /Chechen; qaba /Ingush [ss]
*q:apa ( ~ o) pot /Andian [ss]
q:aba/ /Avar; q:apa /Bagvalal [ss]
*x|:upa ( ~-o-,x|:w|i-) scoop /Tsezian [ss]
x|Iupa /Inkhokvari [ss]
*qaba vase /Dargwa [ss]
qaba /Akusha [ss]
*x|(:)w|ap: sack, bag /Lezghian [ss]
x|w|ab /Rutul; x|ab-g/a" /Tsakhur; x|eb /Kryz [ss]
*G@ba ( ~ -p:-) boat, vessel /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
a/-G|ba Abkhaz; G|ba Abaza; G|@ba/ Ubykh [ss]
Dravidian
kapa_l skull (Tiv. Tiruccan. 42); kapa_lam skull, cranium (Tiva_.); beggar's bowl; kapa_lakkuttu severe headache, acute meningitis, cephalalgia, sometimes causing blindness (In.. Vai. 217); kava_lin S'iva (Patin-o. Paran.a. Civa. Tiruvan. 12)(Tamil) [sk]
kharpara a beggar's bowl or dish; the shell of a tortoise; the half of a skull; the skull (Kannad.a lex.); gorpa shell of tortoise; skull (Kuwi); kipri skull; shell of snail, etc.(Pengo); kirpi shell (Mand.a); kirpa_, girpa skull (Kuwi) [sk]
Indo-European
Greek
kephale
(Greek) [sk]Italic
? caput the head; the top, summit, extremity /Latin [listed in sk]
? cupa /Latin [lb]
cūpa cask, butt /Latin [Cassell]
Germanic
kopf cup or drinking bowl /Old High German
kopf skull /Middle High German
Kopf head /Modern German
Anatolian
hupalla/i- `cranium' or 'scalp' /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]
Slavic
kupa bowl, brimmer, cup, goblet, chalice, beaker /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
kapa_la skull, cranium (Avestan) [sk]
Indo-Aryan
Sanskrit
kUpa
a flask , bottle; kapa_li_ a beggar's bowl /Sanskritkharpara skull (Sanskrit); khappara shard, begging bowl, skull (Prakrit); kapa_la skull, begging bowl, frying-pan (usu. iron), potsherd (Pali); kopara_ a skull-like earthen vessel (Or.iya_) [sk]
Dardic
kuo_pe_ top of head (Tira_hi_) [sk]
kotxe
(B,G,U) car /BasqueUralic
kocsi coach
, car /HungarianCommon in many European languages; a loan word from Hungarian
Dravidian
kasur, ka_sul, ka_ssul cart (Kolami); kasur, khasur id. (Gondi); kacikai carriage or chariot drawn by horses; palanquin (Tamil.lex) [sk]
Altaic
*ko/ĉe to nomadize, transport /Altaic[ss]
*go"ĉ- 1 to migrate, nomadize 2 nomadizing /Turkic [ss]
ko"ĉ- 1, ko"ĉ 2 /Old Turkic; go"ĉ- 1, go"ĉ 2 /Turkish; ko"ĉ- 1, ko"ĉ 2 /Azeri; go"ĉ- 1, go"ĉ 2 /Turkmen; kus/- 1 /Chuvash; ko"s- 1, ko"s 2 /Yakut [ss]
*ko"ske transportation, mount, cart /Mongolian [ss]
xo"so"g /Khalkha [ss]
*k@/si\ palanquin /Japanese [ss]
ko/si\ /Old Japanese; ko/shi /Tokyo [ss]
langa
(B,L,U) fence; palu stick; (fig.) punishment /Basquefal
{d'>l} wall; pal-ánk wooden fence (Plank in English) << pal, pál-ca thin wood wands /HungarianUralic
*pa
tree, wood /UralicSino-Tibetan
*pa>[l] fence /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "hedge; fence" [ss]
fan 1 Modern (Beijing) < pw@n Middle Chinese < par Old Chinese [ss]
Austric
pa fence /Moriori [mor]
taiapa, taiepa fence /Mäori [ua]
Dravidian
*velg- fence /Dravidian [ss]
*ve:l-i fence /South Dravidian [ss]
ve:li fence, hedge, wall /Tamil; ve:li hedge, fence /Malayalam; be:li fence, hedge /Kannada; be:li fence /Kodagu; be:li fence, hedge /Tulu [ss]
*ve:l-i> fence, wall /Nilgiri [ss]
ve:j "fence" Kota; pe:s_y "stone wall of pen" Toda; pe:ly fence; ? pe:s_y yr dry buffaloes, buffaloes that have gone wild /Toda {Comments: Toda pe:ly borrowed from Kannada be:li.} [ss]
*velug- fence, hedge, enclosure /Telugu [ss]
Basic form: velugu // Dialect forms (1): velgu [ss]
*vel-g- fence /Kolami-Gadba [ss]
veleg (obl. velg-) /Kolami [ss]
*vel- fence /Gondwan [ss]
*vel- (caus. *vel-s-, der. *vel-m) to fence, enclose /Gondi
velgu go:d.a compound wall /Konda [ss]
ve_li
fence, hedge, wall /Tamil; hedge, fence /Malayalam; pe.ly fence /Toda; be_li fence, hedge /Kannad.a,Tulu; be.li fence /Kod.agu; vel(u)gu fence, hedge, enclosure /Telugu; veleg fence /Kolami [sk]pal 1) hedge; 2) border of matting round a tent; 3) receptacle (of matting etc. to hold grain) /Brahui
pol
prop, stick used as a prop /Tamil; pol id. /Kannad.a; pollu id. (Tamil.lex.) [sk]Etruscan
velu cudgel, cylindrical rod [az96]
velscu, velsi roll, cudgel, round cane [az96]
Indo-European
Celtic
fàl turf, sods, dike /Gaelic; fál hedge, fold /Irish; fál saepes (enclosing hedge) /Old Irish; gwawl rampart /Welsh, fahel murus (a wall bank or dyke - protection, defence) /Pictish, *vâlo- [mcb]
Italic
vallum -i a palisade of stakes; a fortification, defence /Latin
palillu stick /Spanish
Germanic
plank /English
-walu staff, stick /Old Frisian [db]
Germanic cognates: Goth. walus `staff', ON vo,lr `round staff', OE walu `weale/wale, stripe after a blow', MLG wal `staff' [bd]
Possibly a European substratum word? [db]
Paleo-Balkan
póltyn ‘a board fence, a board tower, a fortification of beams and boards’ (Etym. M.), from the IE *(s)p-tu-(n)-, compare with the Old-Icel. spjald (< *spel-to-s) ‘a board’, Anglo-Saxon speld ‘wood, log’, German spalten ‘to chop, to splinter’. The word is regarded as being Thracian because it is an element of the village name Poltym-bria, which is among the indisputably Thracian names ending on -bria. [id]
Slavic
palica stick /Slovak
Indo-Iranian
palva
split piece of wood /?Parji; pha_la board, slab /Pali; pha_l. slip of wood /Mara_t.hi_; palva split piece of wood /Parji [sk]fed-él
covering, ceiling /Hungarian < Ugrian *pente-le roof, coveringUralic
*pad'e
barrier, wall, (made of interwoven lattice of twigs) /FinnUgorSumerian
bad
wallAfro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 186 #. [oi4]
Cushitic, East
fas#- cover over /Burji
Omotic
pas#- cover over / Koyra (=Kore?)
Altaic
beton concrete /Turkmen [glnp]
{Said to derive from Russian} [glnp]
*p`ado wall /Altaic [ss]
*(h)adar 1 ceiling 2 shelves /Mongolian
*padira- wall /Tungus
*pa>\ra>\-m wall /Korean [ss]
Dravidian
pat.m ground for house (Kota); pat.t.i space before house, spreading space (?Kota); par. place (Naikr.i); pad. place, site (Parji) (DEDR 3878).[sk]
Indo-European
Slavic
bedem wall of fortress or town, bulwark; (lit.) defence, protection; rampart /Serbo-Croatian
pod floor; storey; podlaganje placing under; underlaying; padding, supporting; podlo meanly, basely; podloga base, basis; support; pad; mat; chock; ground, foundation; substratum /Serbo-Croatian
beton concrete /Serbo-Croatian
betón concrete /Slovak
betonen concrete /Bulgar; beton concrete /Russian
Anatolian
fadol he constructed /Lydian [cb2]
viD- to build /Lydian [cb2]
faTa- defense /Lydian [cb2]
wete to build /Palaic [cb2]
bódé (market) stall; (news) stand; tempory shelter; hovel, hut /Hungarian
Dravidian
bid.a_ramu house (Telugu); bid.a_ra id. (Kannad.a); vi_t.u house, habitation, abode (Pu.Ve. 3,15, Kol.u.); squares, as of a chess board (Tamil.lex.) [sk]
vit.a_ram camp (Pu. Ve. 8,16, Kol.u, urai.); house (Tamil); vi_t.u freehold property, house, esp. of a Na_yar or Janmi(Malayalam); vi_t.an headman, chief (Malayalam); bid.avu leaving space, space, room, interval (Kannad.a); bi_d.a_ra halting or dwelling place, house, lodgings (Kannad.a) (DEDR 5393). [sk]
bi_d.ike halting; a halting- or resting-place; a camp (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]
vit.uti lodging place, place of temporary residence, that which is solitary (Tamil); bud.a_ra temporary abode, lodging (Tulu); vid.iyu to halt or stay temporarily, lodge; n. town, city, camp (Telugu)(DEDR 5393).[sk]
lan-gile
(C) worker; industrious labourer; lan-kor diligent /Basqueláng-ol
to be on fire; láng flame; lankad-at-lan unflagging /Hungarianlom-
alni burn/Zürj; lumit warm/Votjak; lombez ash/Cheremis; mg>ng in Magyarlapur
(B,G,L,U) thief, robber /BasqueUralic
lop
to steal /HungarianHungarian lop is officially of unknown origin. [Chong]
Sumerian
lul, lu
5 lie, deceive,false; li-lib to steal; la(l)u 2,3,4,5,6,7 debtIndo-European
Slavic
lopov rascal, villain, knave, scoundrel, rogue, cheat, thief /Serbo-Croatian
lup, lúpiť loot; olúpiť rob /Slovak
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
lup
to rob, plunder/Sanskritlasai
(G,U) calm,relaxed,loose; lazo (L,LN,U) loose /BasqueUralic
*las
- slowly/Ugrianlass-an
slowly; laza loose /HungarianIndo-European/Celtic
las loose, slack /Gaelic, llaes /Welsh; [mcb] says this is from Latin laxus, English lax
Speak, say, tell; story
mintza-tu
to speak; mintz-aldi colloquy (L,LN,Z,U) /Basquemond
to speak, tell /HungarianUralic
Officially, Hungarian mond is derived from a FU root [Chong]
[? mana- abuse, curse, ruin, slander, upbraid; mõna- abuse, curse, ruin, slander, upbraid; give to understand, indicate (Estonian); manaa- admonish, exhort, warn; bewitch, curse, execrate, wish evil to (Finnish)]; moanâdâ-, moannâ- conjecture, solve by conjecture (Lappish); muoneˆ- appoint, order, prescribe; conjecture (Southern Lappish); mana- order, say, speak (Mari); [? mun'a- bewitch, ruin by witchcraft (Mordvin)]
ma- command; say (Kamas); maan- (N'en'ec'); muno- command; say (Nganasan); my- say (Šölqup)
mun
'ams to tell a curse /MordvinYukaghir [emas, Chong]
mon- 'say'
Sumerian
me
, mì; ñe (v.) to say, to tell [jh]Altaic/Japanese
mendan
talk; mondo' dialogueIt was kindly pointed out to me by the editor of "The Jurchen language and Script Website" [jl] that (contains Japanese coding) mendan(‚ß‚ñ‚¾‚ñ,–Ê’k), is a Chinese loan. [jl]
mese
a hero tale; story /HungarianUralic
mese
a hero tale; story /HungarianOfficially, one expert source says Hungarian mese is of Ugric origin
*mac'3, *man'c'3- (Proto Ugric) [Chong]
mø`n't' (Konda Khanty); mas' legend, saga (Obdorsk Khanty); må`n't' id. (Tremjugan Khanty); màn't' id. (KnVah) [Chong]
Another source believes Hungarian mese is derived from an earlier mes- which is the root of Ugric origin [Chong]
Sumerian
me
, mì; ñe (v.) to say, to tell [jh]Altaic
Turkic
? masal fable (Turkish, Uzbek) [Chong]
Japanese
mo'shi-ageru
say, speak, tellCaucasian
*mha:rx|wa: ( ~ *m?|-) tale /North Caucasian [ss]
*mux|a tale /Andian [ss]
ma/rha /Avar; mux|a /Andi; mux|a /Akhvakh; mux|a /Chamalal; mux|a /Tindi; muha /Karata; mux|a /Botlikh; muha Bagvalal; nux|a /Godoberi [ss]
*muG|(:) ( ~ -o-) tale /Tsezian [ss]
muG| /Khvarshi [ss]
maha tale /Lak [ss]
*ma(r)x|(I)w| tale /Lezghian [ss]
max| /Lezghi; max|w| (Khniukh.) /Rutul; max| /Kryz; max|Iu /Archi [ss]
Indo-European/Classical Greek
muthos, ho, [lsj1]
I. word, speech 2. public speech 3. conversation 4. thing said, fact, matter 5. thing thought, unspoken word, purpose, design 6. saying 7. talk of men, rumour
II. tale, story, narrative 2. fiction (opp. logos, historic truth), 3. generally, fiction 4. professed work of fiction, children's story, fable 5. plot of a comedy or tragedy
motz
short; moz-tu to cut (C) /BasqueUralic
met-él
to cut off /HungarianHungarian met- is of unknown origin. [Chong]
metsz
to cut, carve, prune trees /Hungarianmészár-ol to butcher; massacre; mészár-os butcher /Hungarian
Apparently a loan from German!
Sumerian
mug
chisel,carve, erodeAfro-Asiatic
Semitic
m(s V /Aramaic [cal]
011 Syr to cut up 012 Syr to break 013 Syr to squeeze 014 Syr to move 015 Syr to pervert 016 Syr to destroy 017 Syr to devastate 041 Syr to be crushed 042 Syr to be troubled 043 Syr to be overthrown 021 Syr to squeeze 022 Syr to trouble 023 Syr to destroy 024 Syr to devastate 051 Syr to suffer stomach trouble
LS2 398
Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 307 #4> [oi4]
Omotic
mac#'c#'- cut /Kafa
Cushitic
mac#'eh- pull out /Bilin
mud/h!- cut scrape /Somali
Semitic
*bd?` tear /Proto Semitic
mac#'@h!a pull out /Tigre
Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 506 #> [oi4]
Cushitic, East
mid- uproot /Burji
mit- yank /Gidole
mid- mow, cut /Sidamo
Cognate Set <Fleming (1988) , #39> [oi4]
Omotic
mat? slaughter animal /Ari; mIt? /Dime
Ainu
meske to come off; mesu to tear off [sm]
Altaic
Tungus
meitembi to lop off /Manchu [as]
Japanese
mesu (knife) scalpel
Japanese mesu is seen as a loan from Dutch [source]
metsuretsu
(-suru) be torn asunder, to go to piecesIt was kindly pointed out to me by the editor of "The Jurchen language and Script Website" [jl] that (contains Japanese coding) metsuretsu(‚߂‚ê‚Â,–Å—ô), is a Chinese loan. [jl]
Austric
motu to cut, to incise, to engrave. /Rapanui [anon]
moto blow, to strike a /Moriori [mor]
Caucasian
*mV>[c]V hunger /North Caucasian [ss]
*maci-n hungry /Nakh [ss]
meca /Chechen; meca /Ingush; maci /Batsbi [ss]
*makw|ac- ( ~ -o-) to be hungry /Andian [ss]
makw|ac^- /Akhvakh; makw|at- /Chamalal; makw|as- /Tindi; makw|as- /Karata; makw|as- /Godoberi [ss]
*mos:y- hungry /Lezghian [ss]
mys:y-n /Tsakhur; myz /Budukh; busa /Udi [ss]
Dravidian
mce
to cut (as meat) /Malto; mo_cna_ to cut up into convenient pieces any object too large for use, give a cut in or through /Kur.ux; cf. moci to eat /Tamil [sk]*muc- torn, spoilt; weak, tired /Dravidian [ss: DED 4903]
*muc-[i-] torn, crumpled; tired, torpid /South Dravidian [ss]
muci (-v-, -nt-) to be torn, be crumpled as a garment, be tired, feel discouraged /Tamil; mus·ikka to dirty; to trouble, vex /Malayalam; muccur_u to become torpid or stupified, lose consciousness, faint away, swoon, be troubled in mind /Kannada [ss]
*muc- to be spoiled, become weak or unsound, decay, decline, fail /Telugu [ss]
Basic form: musincu [ss]
Derivatives: Also mucciru to grieve, sorrow; mucciri one who is sorrowful; mucciritanamu perturbation, sorrow, grief [ss]
Etruscan
mutu "trunk, cut" [az96]
Indo-European
Germanic
messer
to cut /Germansee Metzger butcher /German {from dictionary of postulated non-IE substrate vocabulary in the Germanic languages} [mc1]
Slavic
mesar butcher; slaughterer /Serbo-Croatian
mäsiar butcher /Slovak
mesar, kasapin; ubiec, pala` butcher /Bulgar; myasnik /Russian
Yuki
mešak to divide [y84]
murruz-kari
grumbler /BasqueUralic
mirku
poison /Lapp; myrkky poison /Finnmér-eg poison; mérges poisonous, angry /Hungarian
mor-og to grumble; morgó grumbler /Hungarian
Sumerian
muru, murub4
battle; me3,6,7,9 battle; mir, mer 2 anger, angry, stormAltaic
murambi to growl, to roar, to yowl, to yelp to bellow, to low /Manchu [as]
*ma\ra (~-r/-) to refuse, quarrel /Altaic [ss]
*margu- to quarrel, resist, contest /Mongolian [ss]
marga- /Khalkha; marg|@- /Kalmuck; marGa:ndo 'quarrel' /Monguor [ss]
*mari- 1 to quarrel 2 to refuse, resist 3 be stubborn /Tungus [ss]
mara- 2 /Manzhu; mari.a- 1,3 /Nanai; mori.qu. 3 /Ulcha [ss]
*ma:r- to refrain, shun, avoid /Korean [ss]
ma:r- /Middle Korean; mal- /Modern Korean [ss]
*ma\tua\p- to hesitate /Japanese [ss]
ma\t(w)o\p- Old Japanese; mado/- Tokyo [ss]
Dravidian
*mur.- vexation; quarrel /Dravidian [ss]
*mur.-[i-] vexed, irritated, angry /South Dravidian [ss]
mur.i vexation; mur.ippu sadness, anger /Malayalam; mul. to be irritated, vexed, annoyed, become angry /Kannada [ss]
*mur.-@v- to become angry (e. g. Kurumba who consequently practises sorcery) /Nilgiri [ss]
muf- (mut-) Toda [ss]
*mud.- a quarrel /Telugu [ss]
Basic form: mud.i [ss]
mur-a lamentation, wailing (Malayalam); moyr complaint (Kota); mur.y complaint (Toda); morad. to weep (Kod.agu); mor-a, mor-r-a cry, scream, clamour; morayu to sound, resound (Telugu); muru muru a_ to grumble, complain (Kuwi) [sk]
mir.i- to speak, utter (Kond.a); mural to make sound, cry, sing; muralal sounding; muralvu soft sound as of a lute; muravam noise, reverberation, drum; murar-kai, murar-ci sound, song; murar-r-u to make sound, cry; mural.i flute; muracam, muracu drum, tabour, war drum; muravu, murut.u drum (Tamil); muraluka, murul.uka to hum, grunt, growl; muracu, murajam a small drum (Malayalam); moral. to hum, grunt, growl, howl; more to hum, murmur (Kannad.a); morad.- (morad.uv-, morat.-) to weep; more lamentation (Kod.agu); muresuni, moresuni to rumble, rattle (as thunder); more cry (Tulu); morayu to sound, resound; morayika, morapamu sound, noise (Telugu); moray- (morayt-) to produce musical sound (Bell, etc.)(Kolami); moray- to sound; morap- id.(Naikri) [sk]
mur- to growl(tiger), hoot (owl), murip- (murit-) to snore (Parji); muru inba to growl, grumble, mutter (Kui); mu_ru_-ki_ali to growl (Kuwi); murrna_ to thunder, esp. with repeated peals, utter threats, threaten (Kur.ux); mure to speak, say yes or no (Malt.o); marra_m shout, call, cry, fame (Brahui) [sk]
nagi
(C) lazy, idle /BasqueUralic
*n'ung3- (PF-U) // nukkua to sleep (Finnish) / n'ogol- (Khanty) / nujal- (Konti) / n'ont- (Man's'i) / nuvam- (Mordvin) // nylana- (N'en'ec') [Chong]
nyug-
rest; repose; peace; quiet; calm; tranquility /HungarianSumerian
ne-ha rest, repose (from Akkadian neehtum, 'peace, security') [jh]
nú to lie down; [? ningin(2) to halt; etc.] [Chong]
Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
nk.dd (n.) sleep /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Semitic
nh. to set down /Phœnician [cgj]
nh.t repose, pleasure, resting place /Phœnician [cgj]
nwx (v.) /Aramaic [cal]
011 Palm,Palestinian,Syr,JBA to rest 012 Syr,JBA to become quiet 013 Syr to cease 014 Syr to be sated 015 JBA w. np$) to die 021 Syr to quiet 031 Syr to make quiet 032 Syr to placate 033 Syr to recreate 034 Syr to lift up 035 Syr to carry off 036 Syr,JBA to set out 037 Palestinian,Syr to lay down 038 Syr to remove 039 Syr to serve 0310 Palestinian to give rest 061 Palestinian,Syr to be at rest 062 Syr to remain 063 Syr to be free of 064 Syr to be soothed 065 Syr to delight in 066 Syr to die 041 JBA to be placed 042 JBA to be agreeable
LS2 419
nyxw N nyxwt) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr,JBA placidity 2 Syr,JBA calm 3 JBA humility
LS2 419
LS2 V: niyxuwtA) abs. voc: niyxuw
nxt V /Aramaic [cal]
011 passim to go down 012 Syr to come back 013 Syr %darA)% to enter battle 014 Syr to lead downwards 015 Palestinian,Syr to fall 016 Syr to be put off 017 Syr %gwAyeh% to have diarrhea 018 Syr to be quieted 019 Syr to send back 0110 Syr to arise from 0111 Syr to be diminished 0112 Palestinian to go from one place to another 0113 Palestinian to descend 0114 Palestinian to go down in status 021 Syr to lead down 022 Syr %meTrA)% to cause it to rain 023 Syr to allow to go down 041 JBA to be settled 051 Syr to be led down 052 Syr to descend 053 Syr to let oneself down 054 Syr to concede 055 Palestinian to fall 031 passim to bring down 032 Syr to send down 033 Syr to pour out 034 Palestinian to cause to fall 035 Palestinian to move 036 JBA to place 061 Syr to descend 062 Syr to be humiliated 063 Syr to humble oneself 064 Palestinian to be brought down
LS2 424
Cognate Set <Bergsträsser (1983) , #105> [oi4]
Semitic
*nu_h%- rest /Proto Semitic
inu_h% rest /Akkadian; na_h! ya_nu_ah! rest /Hebrew; na_h! nnu_h! rest /Syriac; noh%a y@nuh% rest /Geez; ana_h%a make camels sit /Arabic
Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 530 #. [oi4]
Cushitic, East
nagay- pass day /Proto East Cushitic
nagay- pass day /Burji; nagaa peace /Saho; nagaya peace /Oromo; nakay- pass day /Konso; nakay- absent from work /Gidole; nakayho peace /Gollango
Cognate Set <Ehret (1988) , #34> [oi4
Cushitic, East
nak'- put down /Proto East Cushitic
nogoi river /Yaaku
nok'- water /Proto Somali (Ehret)
Altaic
Tungus
nakambi to stop, to cease, to give up, to desist, to leave a post /Manchu [as]
nike- stay in bed for a month after childbirth /Manchu [Chong]
Japanese
nagi
a calm, lull; nagu to calm downDravidian
*n/egg- loose, weak, relaxed /Dravidian [ss]
*n/eg- loose, relaxed; to slip /South Dravidian
n~ekir. (-v-, -nt-) to become loose, slip off as bangles, languish, faint, be tender-hearted, blossom, melt as wax, become thin, emaciated /Tamil; n~ekir.am, n~ekir.i a tinkling anklet; nekir. (-v-, -nt-) to be injured, ruined, become loose, slip off as a garment, grow lean and weak, expand, blossom, become soft and mashy as over-boiled rice, lack cohesion as earth wet by rain, melt, relent as the heart in pity, exude, flow out (as tears from the eyes, milk from the breast), be reduced to powder, give way, yield as to the axe in cutting, forsake; (-pp-, -tt-) to make loose, relax, cause to expand or open as a blossom, separate, detach, crush, bruise, discharge as an arrow; nekir.cci loosening, slackening; tenderness of feeling; neku (nekuv-, nekk-) to become soft, relaxed, loosened, soaked and ready to break, melt, relent (as the heart), slip off, be ruined, scattered, broken, be ground well, macerated; nekkal that which is relaxed, overripe fruit, anything rotten or decayed; nekku being soaked as the ground after rain, relaxing, dissolving, being broken in pieces; (?) nukai (-v-, -nt-) to become lax, loose (as a garment), become soft (as the earth from rain); (-pp-, -tt-) to relax, loosen, slacken, mitigate, soften /Tamil; (?) nuguruni to loosen, slacken, make loose /Tulu; nugupuni to loosen /Tulu [ss]
Notes: Tamil nukai, Tulu nuguruni probably do not belong here. [ss]
*nig-i>- to move slightly on base (e. g. of someone sitting) /Nilgiri [ss]
nyxy- (nyxs-) /Toda [ss]
*negg- to become weak, droop /Telugu [ss]
Krishnamurti's vocabulary: neggu [ss]
Etruscan
nica
to lower, humiliate; nicu one who lowers [az96] /EtruscanIndo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian/Avestan
naakáara lazy, loafing /Pashto [tr]
Muskogean/Eastern (?)
nochi to fall asleep, go to sleep /Alabama [tm]
nokchoba to stop, cease an activity, refrain from doing, quit, be still, be quiet /Alabama [tm]
Etymology?
Yuki
no·kele settle down [y84]
noke west2 [y84]
nagusi
boss, chief; nagusi-tu to grow up (C) /BasqueUralic
najer
king /Ugricnagy
great, big, large, long, important /HungarianOfficially, Hungarian nagy is 'possibly' of F-U origin
? nat's' completely, totally (Izˆma Komi, Sysola Komi); nad'z' miserly, stingy (Sysola Komi)] [Chong]
Sumerian
nir
prince; nè strength,force; nigu fattenedAfro-Asiatic
noq great, large; greater, older /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
nex fat, thick /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic
Tungus
? nuhu high place (Manchu) [Chong]
Japanese
nagai
long; lengthyAustric (?)
ngako (n.) fat /Mäori [ng, ua]
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*-nequ (~ -ń-)
magnifying suffix (увеличительный суффикс) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN883]-nequ , -ńequ /Koryak; -ńaqu /Alutor [ss]
Dravidian
na_ga any great or pre-eminent man, modaliga (Kannad.a,Skt.)(Tamil.lex.) na_ka-puram the ancient capital of Ca_vakam (Man.i. 24,169); na_kar a powerful scythian race having the serpent as their totem (Man.i. 16,15)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]
na_kuta_ < na_khuda_ (Persian) captain of a ship (W.)(Tamil)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]
na_yakkan- captain, soldier; headman; title of certain Telugu castes; title of certain Tamil castes as van-n-iyar, ve_t.ar, irul.ar; na_yakam headship, superiority (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 3,10,11); na_yakan- < na_yaka lord, master, chief (Kampara_. An:kata. 21); a person appointed to the headship of ten villages (Cukkirani_ti. 27); na_yan- master, lord (Tiruva_lava_. 54,36); na_yan-a_r title of certain castes as cain-ar, kaikko_l.ar, ut.aiyar and a section of ve_l.a_l.ar (Tamil.lex.)
na_yar a caste of Hindus in Malabar (Tamil); na_yan, na_yar the Su_dras of Ke_ral.a; soldiers of all castes (Malayalam); na'yamm a Na_yar man; fem. na'yarci (Kod.agu); na_yare, na_yima_re a Na_yar of Malabar (Tulu). nakka-p-par-aiyan- headman of the Paraiyas (G.Tp.D. I, 131)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]
Etruscan
*nac {genitive; nac(e)s} size; lofty, elevated [ajp]
nacna big; lofty, elevated [ajp]; next to, last [az96]
*nacnu big, lofty, to be elevated [ajp]
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
na_ya leader, chief /Sanskrit [sk]
na_ga any great or pre-eminent man, modaliga (Kannad.a,Sanskrit.)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]
Mayan
from [jd]
Meaning "big"
nucuc# large; nuc great, grand; noj /Laca; nojoc# big, grand; nucuc#; nojc#il bigness; nojoc# big, grand; nucuc# big, large /Yuca; nojoc# /Itza; nooc# /Mopa; nojta' /Chorti; nGoj, nGuc /Chol; no, noH, noc, noj /Chon
from [cw]
nox 'height, increase in size or age, importance' /Chorti
Stross' /x/ replaces Wisdom's /š/
nahas-tu
to confuse; to mix,blend; to mess up /BasqueUralic
nehéz
heavy, difficult,complex [nagy >neh-éz ??=big>heavy] /HungarianOfficially, Hungarian is of unknown origin. [Chong]
Afro-Asiatic
nh.з (be) hard, rough, dangerous /Egyptian [cgj]
oge
(B,G), ohe (L,LN,Z,U) bed /BasqueUralic
ágy
bed /Hungarian {/gy/ is like palatised /d/}*ooðe- bed /Finno-Ugrian [Chong]
vuode bed /Finnish
Sumerian
ù-di sleep; rest; daze; depression [jh]
gùd nest.[jh]
Altaic
*n|u:/ju to sleep /Altaic [ss]
*u:-dy-, *u:-dy-k-la- 1 to sleep 2 to lie /Turkic [ss]
ud|y- /Old Turkic; uju- /Turkish; jokla- /Tatar; u:qla- /Turkmen; yjg|ú 'sleep'; s/yva>r- /Chuvash; utuj- /Yakut [ss]
*nojir to sleep, sleep /Mongolian [ss]
nuir (MA), nojir (SH) /Middle Mongolian; nojr /Khalkha; no":r /Kalmuck; noir /Dagur; no:r /Monguor [ss]
*n|u(j)a- to sleep /Tungus [ss]
nu-nz^|i-bu- 'to make sleepy' /Manzhu; n/a-so:-, nin/a- /Evenki [ss]
*u/i- sleep, to sleep /Japanese [ss]
wi-na-, i 'sleep, dream'; RJ wi/-ne/bu/ri /Old Japanese; (*i-)ne-; inebu/ri, ineburi/ 'drowsiness' /Tokyo [ss]
Dravidian
oky sleeping place, bedding (Toda); hakke place for reposing, bed (Kannad.a); pakka bed, bedding (Telugu) [sk]
Indo-European
Celtic
?see Gaelic laigh , luigh lie, Irish luigh, Early Irish laigim, Old Irish lige, bed, Welsh gwe-ly, bed (Cornish gueli, Breton guele), Gaul legasit (= posuit?): *logô, legô, to lie, *legos, bed, Indo-European root le@gh, lie; Greek @Glehos, bed, @Gléhetai, sleeps (Hes.); Gothic ligan, German liegan, English lie, etc. [mcb]
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
k∂TT bed, bedstead /Baluchi [mab]
Ulwa
ûka 1. (form of û house; home) 2. den; home; lair; nest; lodge; burrow. 3. case for; pack of; sheath; container for [ud]
Group marker
-ok
suffix used with articles and nouns to express being part of a group /BasqueUralic
-ék suffix /Hungarian
Hungarian suffix -ék when
1) attached to names of persons and professions denotes somebody's family and corresponds with the English suffix -s;
2) can be added to other words (not only persons) to denote a group
Burushaski
-ek suffix is added to the singular or plural of the word to form the group plural (also called ‘double plural’) [dg]
Plural marker
-ak
suffix expresses the plural of the definite article /BasqueUralic
guolek (plur.) fish /Lapp
"The 2Psg suffix -k of the Lapp conjugation belongs here, too, thus the derivation of -k from the common Finnic form -t is absurd". [Künnap]
halak (plur.) fish /Hungarian
The plural marker -k is the exception rather than the rule in the Uralic family. It apparently only occurs in Hungarian and Lapp. [see Künnap]
(I) Plural of Nouns in Hungarian
(a) Elision
(i) in a few bisyllabic nouns the second vowel is dropped in the plural for example, torony 'tower' -> tornyok 'towers'
(ii) in words ending in the suffix -alom, -elem the second vowel (of the suffix) is dropped in the plural.
(b) Shortening
A few words with a long vowel in the final syllable shorten it in the plural case, e.g. egér 'mouse' -> egerek 'mice'
(II) Adjectives in Hungarian
(a) Front Vowel Adjectives
The linking vowel before the plural suffix -k is always -e-
kék 'blue' -> kékek 'blues'
(b) Back Vowel Adjectives
The linking vowel before the plural suffix -k is always -a- with a few exceptions.
piros 'red' -> pirosak 'reds'
Some exceptions include nagyok, boldogok etc.
{also see Basque -ok and Hungarian suffix -ék}
Austro-Asiatic/Munda,South
-ki plural suffix /Kharia [mw3]
Iberian (?)
The "primary" suffix -k-, seems to have been a pluralizing suffix. [jrr1]
Dravidian [sva]
In Brahui, the plural can be formed by adding suffixes -k, -âk and -âsk to the singular form.
Etruscan
-cva suffix formed a so-called 'collective adjective' [lb]
Indo-European
Classical Armenian [cao]
-k' plural suffix
duk' -- pronoun; nominative plural of <du> thou -- Ye; nok'a -- pronoun; nominative plural of <na> he, she, it -- they; ordik' -- noun; nominative plural of <ordi> son -- the children; vardzk' -- noun; nominative plural of <vardz> reward -- rewards
Indo-Iranian/Iranian [fjs]
-ha the plural termination, formerly mostly of things inanimate, as sang "a stone," sang-ha "stones," while the plural of animated beings was generally (not exclusively) formed by -an, as adami "man," pl. adamiyan "men, mankind." In modern Persian, however, the ending -ha has almost entirely superseded -an both for inanimated and animated beings. /Persian
Na-Dene
Athabaskan-Eyak
Dakelh (Carrier) [yd]
-ke suffix is the plural marker for a smaller number of nouns; (this is the usual way of marking the plural of kinship terms)
-ne suffix is the most common plural marker
Algic/Algonquian
Cree [gn]
-(w)ak suffix expresses the plural
e.g. sisip duck; sisipak. ducks
atim dog; atimwak dogs
Ojibwe [ob]
the plural suffix for animate nouns always ends with -g
the plural suffix for inanimate nouns always ends with -n
Potawatomi [pl1]
the plural suffix of animate nouns always end in -k
the plural suffix for inanimate nouns always ends with -n
Duality
kide
(C) member,colleague, fellow,associate /BasqueUralic
*-kè(-) meaning "dual" in Proto Uralic [lc]
later becomes plural for Hungarian, két two (things)) but also in most Uralic languages for two.
két, kettő two (a pair); ketten two, the two of us; together /Hungarian
*kakte- (Proto Uralic) [Chong]
kydy two /Mator; kavto two /Erzya [fv]
kaksi (Finnish); kät, katn (Khanty); kyk (Komi, Udmurt) [Chong]
Basque
kidego (C) companion; kidetu (C) (vi) to be similar, be alike, resemble; to pair (up)
Altaic
*ke/t`o (~k`-, g-, -o-,-t-) similar /Altaic [ss]
*ka>\th- to be similar, resemble /Korean [ss]
kat(h)- /Modern Korean; ka>\th-, ka>/t- /Middle Korean
*k@/t@/ resemblance, similarly /Japanese [ss]
koto, RJ -go/to/ku /Old Japanese; -gotoku /Tokyo [ss]
Turkic
go∫a two, a pair /Turkmen [glnp]
katmar two together (Kyrgyz - -mar is a suffix); katmär double (Osman) / qatîn repeatedly (Old Turkic) / xat double (Sakha) [Chong]
Tungus
katak companion (-k is a suffix); katlin in tandem (-lin is a suffix) (Ewen) [Chong]
Yukaghir [emas]
ki- 'two'
Caucasian
*q.Hwa": two /North Caucasian [ss]
*k.i- two /Andian [ss]
k.i-go /Avar; ĉ.e-gu /Andi; k.e-da /Akhvakh; eĉ.i-da /Chamalal; k./e-ja /Tindi; k.e-da /Karata; k.e-da /Botlikh; k./e-ra /Bagvalal; k./e-da /Godoberi [ss]
*q.w|y-nV A two /Tsezian [ss]
q.Iano /Tsezi; q.ono /Ginukh; q.Iw|ene /Khvarshi; q.Iune /Inkhokvari; q.ona /Bezhita; q.anu /Gunzib [ss]
k.i=a two /Lak [ss]
*k.w|i two /Dargwa [ss]
k.e-l /Akusha; ĉ.w|a-l /Chiragh [ss]
*q.Iw|a" two /Lezghian [ss]
q.w|e-d /Lezghi; q.Iu /Tabasaran; q.Iu-d /Agul; q.Iw|ad /Rutul; q.Io-lla" /Tsakhur; q.w|ad /Kryz; q.a-b /Budukh; q.Iw|e /Archi; p:aI /Udi [ss]
k.u two /Khinalug [ss]
*tqI:/w|A two /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
?|w|-ba/ Abkhaz; ?|w|-ba Abaza; t.w|@ Adyghe; t.w|@ Circassian; t.q.w|a Ubykh [ss]
Indo-European
Italic
-que suffix represents the so-called enclitic conjunction "and" /Latin
repeated as -que....-que means 'both....and" /Latin
Committing heresy by including this suffix here for comparison!
Chukchee-Kamchatkan (?)
*quli another (другой) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN287]
*quli , *quttą another, the second (другой, второй) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN723]
qul(i), quttą-
/Chukchee; qu*qula /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN292]
qula, Poss. qula(n) another (другой) /Sedank dialect; kalo-tumx (< kola-) vicinus /West Itelmen [ss]
Niger-Congo (?)
xaaj (v.) to divide, separate; xaaji (v.) to divide; xaajo (n.) part,portion /Wollof [pc2]
ok, oka, okada
vomitting; oka-tu to overeat, to get a bellyful; to vomit; to throw up /BasqueUralic
ok-ád to vomit; to belch /Hungarian
Officially, Hungarian okád is thought to be possibly onomatopoeic. [Chong]
oksendama to vomit /Estonian
Sumerian
úh; uh, ah phlegm; spittle; slaver, froth; paste; venom; malice [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
k.' spew out; k.з' spew out /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic
*o:/ki to belch, nauseate /Altaic [ss]
*o":k- 1 to belch 2 to nauseate /Turkic [ss]
o"ki- (AH) 2 /Old Turkic; o"ju"- 1,2 /Turkish; o":ge- 2 /Turkmen; o"gu"j- 1 /Yakut [ss]
*ogi-, *ogsi- 1 to nauseate 2 to belch /Mongolian [ss]
ogi-, ogŝi- Khalkha [ss]
*okor- 1 to nauseate 2 to clean (pipe) /Tungus [ss]
ox|orŝa- 1 /Manzhu; ox|oro- 2 /Orok [ss]
Japanese
okubi
belchDravidian
ukat.t.u to nauseate (Tamil); ur..ekka to be inclined to vomit; ur..appu nausea; ur..antuka to belch (Malayalam); ubbal.isu, ubbul.isu to nauseate, become squeamish; ogad.isu to vomit (Kannad.a); uka_lu, ukka_lu vomiting, en emitic (Tulu); ulla_xa_rna_ to feel nausea (Kur.ux); unglare id. (Malt.o)(DEDR 678). [sk]
o_kka_l.am, o_n:kal retching (Tamil); o_kari, o_ka_l.a vomiting; va_karisu, va_kal.isu to vomit (Kannad.a); o_kara, o_kili retching (Telugu)(DEDR 1029) [sk]
ugur.. (ugur..d-), ugar.. to emit (as saliva, etc.), spit out, spit, sputter; n. spittle, saliva; ugi to spit, spirt out, emit; ugur..isu to cause to emit or spit; ugur..uvike spitting, etc.(Kannad.a); ugipuni to spit out (Tulu) (DEDR 636).[sk]
Indo-European
oka_liba
to vomit/ Assamese; uka_l.iba_ to vomit /Or.iya_; ugga_ra vomitting /Pali; okkia vomitted /Prakrit; uchr.a_na to vomit /Bengali_; ugaln.o to vomit /Kumauni_; ugalab to vomit,spit out /Maithili_ [sk]olako
(B,G) that kind of /BasqueUralic
ilyen, olyan such, of this kind, so, like this, that; ilyesmi like this /Hungarian
Altaic/Turkic
hol as such, like that /Turkmen [glnp]
Dravidian
oran.ai pair (S.I.I. ii,226)(Tamil.lex.) ol, olu, o_l, o_lu, po_l, ho_l, pol, polu likeness, correspondence, equality; like, as; as if; so that; o_rage similarity; ore id. (Kannad.a)(Ka.lex.) po_l (po_lv-, po_n-r--) to resemble, be like, similar, equal, match; a particle of comparison (also po_la); po_li person or thing that is equal, similarity, likeness, pretence, hypocrisy; po_limai similarity (Tamil); po_luka to resemble; po_la, po_l, po_le_ like (Malayalam); po_lke, po_lve resemblance; po_lisu to cause to resemble, compare; pol to be fit or proper; excel; o_l(u), ol(u), vo_l, vol(u) likeness, equality (Kannad.a); po.le like (Kod.agu); po_lu to resemble; be, exist, be good, beautiful, agreeable or well, be fit, proper, be possible; n. beauty, agreeableness, fitness, propriety (Telugu); po_lika, po_like, po_lki resemblance; po_l(u)cu to compare, liken, recognize, identify; po_ni resembling, similar, like; bo~_t.i id., equal; po~_d.i beauty, elegance (Telugu.); bo_l-e_r to resemble (Gadba); poli'nai to compare (Kuwi)(DEDR 4597).
ho_like, po_lke, ho_luvike, ho_luve, ho_luvike resemblance, similitutde, likeness (Kannad.a); ho_l, po_l, ho_lu to be like, resemble (Kannad.a.lex.); po_l to resemble; to be like; similar (Kur-al., 1071); to equal, match (Tamil); a particle of comparison (Kur-al., 118); po_lu (Telugu); po_l (Kannad.a); po_luga (Malayalam); ho_lu (Tulu); po_la a particle of comparison (Toll. Po. 291); po_li similarity (Tol. Po. 300, Urai.)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]
ondore
(G,L,LN,U) result, consequence; future; succession /BasqueUralic
-andó, -endő this suffix denotes "action that is to be completed" /Hungarian
The suffixes -andó and -endő form the Participle of Future Action, that is, such forms represent the Hungarian Future Participle which can also be used as a noun, and may be declined just as in Classical Latin.
jövendő
future; állandó constant, lasting, standing; hajlandó willing, ready, inclined; leendő (anya) = (mother) to be; múlandó fleeting, ephemeral; teendő work (to be done) /HungarianThe original meaning of the Future Participle has been lost in these Hungarian words.
Altaic/Turkic
indi 1. now 2. next, following; indiki next; indikile next time /Turkmen [glnp]
Dravidian
Southern
ayinda_, ainda hereafter, next time, in future (Kannad.a,Telugu)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]
Northern
âinda future /Brahui
Indo-European
Celtic
See (similar?) daonnan, daondan continually, always /Gaelic whose etymology seems uncertain. [mcb]
Italic
Passive Future Participle = present stem + -ndus,-nda,-ndum in Classical Latin
It is interesting just how much the Hungarian suffixes -andó and -endő resemble the Passive Latin forms. The grammar in this context also functions in a similar manner in both languages. Must be a coincidence.
ainda still, yet /Portuguese
Slav,South
onda then, after that, thereupon, at that time; next /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-Iranian/Iranian/Avestan
aainda next /Pashto [tr]
Sumerian
è-de
future suffix , e(n) future suffixopa
(C) desire; offering; opari (B,G,U) offering, sacrifice; gift /BasqueUralic
epe-d, epe-ked to long for; yearn; wish for; desire /Hungarian {p,b > v}
Hurrian-Urartian
ab-a desire [ryan]
Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
з
bi desire; ib heart, wish /Old Egyptian [cgj]Semitic
)by /Aramaic [cal]
011 JLA to want, to wish
041 OAPal to desire (uncertain)
Dravidian
āvu
(āvi-) to desire; āval great desire, craving /Tamil [bur]Etruscan
av to desire [az96]
Indo-European/Italic
see also ăvĕo, -ēre to long for, desire /Latin
orratz
pin, needle /Basqueorr point, peak, nose; orom summit, peak, top /Hungarian
Altaic
*ar/i thorn, fang /Altaic [ss]
*ar/yg fang /Turkic [ss]
azyg| (OUig) /Old Turkic; azy /Turkish; azaw /Tatar; azy /Azeri; azy /Turkmen; *ora /Chuvash > ora 'id.' /Mari; ahy:, dial. yhy: /Yakut [ss]
*arig|a 1 molar tooth 2 fang 3 tooth of a chisel etc. /Mongolian [ss]
ara'a 2, aral 2, aria>, naria> 2 /Middle Mongolian; ara: 1, 3 Khalkha; ara:n 1, 2 Kalmuck; ara: 1, 2 Dagur; ara: 1, ra: /Monguor [ss]
*(x)ar- 1 shoot, bud; fang 2 a flower name /Tungus [ss]
arGan 1,2, arsun 1 /Manzhu; arga:-wa:kte 3 (?) /Evenki [ss]
*i\ra\ thorn /Japanese [ss]
i\ra\ /Old Japanese; ira /Tokyo [ss]
Dravidian
ār
sharpness, pointedness /Tamil [bur]Indo-European/Germanic
ord
1) point, spear-point, spear; 2) beginning; 3) front of an army, line of battle /Old English [sc1]varr to sew; stitch; var-ga shoe-maker /Hungarian
Uralic
*worra
(-) to heal skin, leather /Uralicalso see Hungarian fon "to spin, plait, braid"
see Hungarian for-, per- "spin"
see Hungarian forr- "to heal,join,knit"
Altaic
*ō're to plait, weave /Altaic [ss]
*ö're- /Turc
*ör- /Mongo
*ōr- /Korean
*ór- /Japanese [ss]; oru to weave /Japanese
Sino-Tibetan
*ber plait, knit, fasten /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Meaning "to plait; arrange, compile, record" [ss]
bian 1 Modern (Beijing) < pien Middle Chinese < pe:n Old Chinese
biên Vietnamese
ãbjar, ãbjor to stick to, adhere to, sbjor (p., f. sbjar) to affix, to attach, fasten. /Tibetan; phiar to knit, plait, crochet. /Lushei [ss]
*phe\r (/*?p-) sew /Kiranti [ss]
pher-ca /Sunwar; phir- /Thulung; pher-na" (pheru) /Kaling
burma 'sew, stitch'; purma 'spin a thread into a cord' Kulung [ss]
ozendu
(C) to boom /Basquezendül
to (re)sound; zeng to boom, sound /HungarianUralic
These Hungarian words are possibly of Iranian origin
Also see Hungarian cseng "to ring, tinkle, clang"
Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1]
zingos, ho, humming of bees, etc
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
zang a bell carried by couriers and qalandar-monks; etc.; zangul a bell, a rattle; name of a note in music; zangulicha a small bell /Persian [fjs]
piku
(n.) fig /BasqueUralic
pokol hell /Hungarian
This is also believed to be a loan from Slavic.
[fh] has also seen this in eastern Iranian or Manichean texts!?
Indo-European/Slavic
pakao, ad hell, inferno; paklen hellish, infernal /Serbo-Croatian
ad hell /Russian; piekla hell /Belarus
peklo hell /Slovak
peklo, herna /Czech
Muskogean/Eastern
bihi1 red mulberry; fig (Morus rubra; Ficus spp) Var: bihala /Alabama [tm]
Some coarse words
pito
(colloq.) penis /BasqueUralic
Saami
bahta ‘arse, behind’ /N. Saami < Proto Saami *pëtë << (via labial dissimilation) *potë < PreSaami *puti [aa2: p.16] < PreGerm *putV- ‘arse; vagina’
Estonian
vitt (noun) vulva, cunt, pussy note E.g. Mine vittu! - Fuck off! (Liter.Go into cunt); puts cunt note Pronunciation /puts´/(palatalized) [source]
Hungarian
fasz, pöcs coarse terms for penis {/p/ > /f/}
picsa coarse term for female genitals
Hungarian picsa sounds like English pitcher or what those in the Media call the "Bigger Pitcha".
Seen as loans from probably Slavic, notwithstanding the Caucasian or Dravidian and Iranian parallels.
pöcs another coarse term for penis /Hungarian
Altaic
pic (noun, pronounced: pitch) son of a bitch /Turkish [source]
Basque
pito (colloq.) penis
{c.f. zakil (C) (anat.) penis}
Caucasian [ss]
*pu:t.i / *bu:t.i (~ -e) genitals (mostly female) /North Caucasian
*but. ( ~ -u:-) vulva /Nakh
Chechen: bud; Ingush: bud
*but.a vulva, vagina /Andian
Andi: but.a ; Akhvakh: but.a ; Chamalal: but.a ; Tindi: but.a ; Karata: but.a ; Botlikh: but.a ; Bagvalal: but.a ; Godoberi: but.a
*byt.V A ( ~ -i-) vagina /Tsezian
Tsezi: bet.i ; Ginukh: bet.e
put.i a hollow stalk, tube /Lak
*put.i 1 chibouque 2 anus /Dargwa
Akusha: put.i 1 ; Chiragh: put.e 2
Comments: The common meaning is "hollow tube" (cf. the Lak. form).
*p:ot. (~-u-) 1 penis 2 vagina /Lezghian
Agul: but. 1 ; Budukh: bit.i 2
Dravidian
poccu woman's pubic hair, vulva, anus (Tamil); pocca, pocci membrum muliebre (Malayalam); po_s vulva (Brahui); poj id. (Ko.); pucci, pucce id. (Kannad.a) (DEDR 4476) [sk]
Indo-European
(A) PENIS from [ahd]
*pes- penis /Proto Indo-European
Suffixed form *pes-ni- pencil, penicillium, penis, from Latin pĕnis (< *pesnis), penis, tail. (Pokorny 3. pes- 824.)
>>>>> (I) from [fjs]
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
faz, fizaz the male organ of generation /Persian
>>>>> (II) from [source]
Romance
Occitan: viech (masc. noun) penis note Old slang, not very offensive. The phrase "viech d'ase" (pronounced "biedaze") (literally, "donkey's cock") is used to express surprise or dismay: "Viech d'ase, m'an panat l'autòSpanish picha (noun, fem.) penis; pijo penis, used as an insult and as an exclamation note used in Murcia, in Madrid it means prepy boy; pijo, pija (noun, masc. or fem.) penis note As an adjective ("Un niño pijo" "Una tia pija") means snob, snooty.; pito (masc. noun) penis note Uruguayan slang for penis. 'Chupame el pito" (suck my dick), 'Agarrame el pito' (grab my dick). See also 'pedazo' and 'verga'; pico penis note Spoken only in Chile. In other parts of South America they say "Ocho y pico" like eightish
Germanic
Low German
Pietsa - m. (pl - sch) penis /Low German [Rempel]
Yiddish
putz (noun) dick, penis note As in, "He's such a putz" or "I bet his putz is softer than a boiled carrot". It may be familiar from American slang.
Slavic
Bulgar: pischka penis.
(B) VULVA from [Pokorny: 1523]
*pi:zda:- English meaning: vulva; German meaning: `weibliche Scham'
Albanian
pith (pidhi) m. `vulva'
Slavic
Russian pizda/, Polish. pizda ds., daraus entlehnt (?) lit. pyzda\, Latvian. pi:zda f. ds., und apr. peisda `Arsch'.
>>>>> (I) from [sk]
Indo-Iranian
posa anus, vulva (Pkt.); posan.a anus (Pkt.); phosa id. (Skt.); *pucca vulva (Skt.) (CDIAL 8248)
puttara
vulva (Pkt.); pu~_tu part of the body behind the pudenda (K.); puti_ vulva; phuti_, phuddi_ vulva of small girl (Ku.); puti vulva; putu vulva of young woman (N.); pot.h, pot.i rectum (K.); pu~t.ki anus (B.); pu_t. sacrum bone of a cow (H.)>>>>> (II) from [source]
Armenian
buts (noun) cunt, female genitals note prononciation like English "boots" with a shorter oo. Almost exclusively used "anatomically". No other meaning
Romance
Portuguese: puta bitch note Puta is feminine, Puto is masculine; Occitan: puta (fem. noun) † whore, prostitute note Same meaning as "putan", but never used as an interjection.; Catalan: puta (fem. noun) whore, bitch; Rumanian: pizdã (fem. noun, pl. pizde) cunt
Germanic
Icelandic
pussa cunt, pussy
Low German
puse "vulva" [?]
High German
puderdose (fem. noun) pussy, twat note rather nice discription for a pussy but should not be used in polite conversations.
Slavic
Cseh: píča cunt; Slovak: piča (noun, fem.) vagina (cunt) note Female counterpart of "kokot" (see the entry); the same rules of usage; its weaker version (as an insult of a female) could be "krava" (cow). Its alternative as both male and female insult is "kurva" (whore)(see the entry).; Bulgar: pischka penis; Polish: pizda pussy; pizdka little pussy; Ukranian: пізда ~ pizda (noun) cunt, pussy, vagina note Accent is on 'da'.
(C) From [aa2: p. 16]
Germanic
PreGerm *putV- ‘arse; vagina’ > PGerm *fudV- > Old Norse fuð- ‘vagina’ (only attested in compounds), Icelandic fuð ‘vagina’, Middle High German vut ‘vagina; arse’, English (dialectal) fud ‘buttocks; vagina’ (? < Nordic). Note also German Fotze ‘vagina’, which either shows expressive gemination (*futt-) or is an "s-Bildung". (ÍO s.v. fuð; AEWb s.v. fuð-; Kluge s.v. Fotze)
pixontzi
chamber pot; pixa urine /Basquepisa
slang for 'urine' ( a loan word) /HungarianAfro-Asiatic/Semitic
p$r#2 N p$r) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr digestion 2 Syr urine 3 Syr maturity 4 Syr liquefaction 5 Syr solution 6 Syr interpretation 7 JLAGal pl. lukewarm water
LS2 614
LS2 v: p$ArA)
abs. voc: p$Ar
Sumerian
pìs-an
box; pisağ, pisan2 basket,box, chest ?Dravidian
pisk urine; pisk in- (id--) to urinate /Toda [sk]
Indo-European
*piss imitative [js]
Basque Dialects:-)
B = Biscayan (bizkaiera); G = Guipuzcoan (gipuzkoera)
L = Labourdin (lapurdiera); LN = Low Navarrese (benafarrera)
Z = Souletin (zuberoera, xiberoera); U = Unified Basque (Euskara Batua)
C = common to five or more dialects
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Last updated 12 October 2008