Euskara Magyar
Word List
Ja-Ko

These lists contain 'SIMILARITIES' not alleged Basque-Hungarian cognates!
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Coming; going

jarrai-tu (C) to continue, to follow /Basque
etorri (B,G,L,U) to come /Basque

Uralic

jár to come & go, travel /Hungarian {/j/ sounds like English /y/ in /yes/}

Officially, Hungarian jár is 'possibly' of F-U origin

*jorke- travel; walk (Proto FU) [Chong]

gyal-og on foot, to walk /Hungarian

While Hungarian gyalog is derived from a F-U root

*jalka foot (Proto FU) [Chong]

jalga on foot /Finn

Sumerian

gur4 run, gallop; kur 9,4 bring, deliver; ğiri5 run, trot; ğìri foot, feet, way [jh]

Altaic

*do:ri to go, walk, approach /Altaic [ss]

*jory- / *ju"ri- 1 to walk 2 to go, travel 3 to visit /Turkic [ss]

jory-, ju"ri- 1 /Old Turkic; ju"ru"- 1 /Turkish; jo"ru"- 1 /Tatar; jeri- 1 /Azeri; jo"re- 1 /Turkmen; syryt- 1 /Yakut [ss]

*du"rbe- to run (in panic) /Mongolian [ss]

durbe- (SH) /Middle Mongolian; du"rve- /Khalkha [ss]

*du:r- 1 to walk, wander (off) 2 to run 3 to leap, gallop /Tungus [ss]

du:je:- 1 /Negidal; z^|ura- 1 /Manzhu; duere- 1, derin- 3 /Ulcha; du:run|u- 3 /Orok; z^|u:re-nz^|id- 1 /Even; du:re:- 1, du:re:n|i- 3 /Evenki [ss]

*d@/r- to approach /Japanese [ss]

jo/r- /Old Japanese; yo\r- /Tokyo [ss]

*gi_a\r/a to walk, step /Altaic [ss]

*gEr/- to walk, walk through /Turkic [ss]

kez- /Old Turkic; gez- /Turkish; ga"z- /Azeri; gez- /Turkmen [ss]

*gar- to go out /Mongolian [ss]

qar- (HI, SH), qor-, qur- (IM), g|a>r- (MA) /Middle Mongolian; gar- /Khalkha; g|ar- /Kalmuck; gar- , gar@- /Dagur; Gari- /Monguor [ss]

*giari- / *gira- 1 to walk 2 to step /Tungus [ss]

gi.ja:n- 2 /Negidal; Garda- 'to run' /Manzhu; Gi.ari- 1, Gi.ran- 2 /Nanai; Ge:^ri.- 1, Gi.ran- 2 /Ulcha; Gi.ran- /Orok; gi.ran|-, gi.rqú.- 2 /Even; gira-kta- 2 /Evenki [ss]

*ka\ti/ walking /Japanese [ss]

ka\ti/ /Old Japanese; ka/chi /Tokyo [ss]

Turkic

jol road /Turkish
ÿol 1. road, path, way 2. course, system 3. means, method 4. purpose /Turkmen [glnp]

çör= to go /Khakas. (cf CT *yorï=.) [kl]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*jalγъt- to roam (кочевать) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN500]

jalγąt- /Chukchee; jalγąt- /Koryak; jalγąt- /Palan; jalγąt- /Alutor [ss]

Etorri! Come! /Basque

Uralic

gyere! come! /Hungarian
tule! 'come!' /Finnish {/l/ <> /r/}

Hungarian gyere is officially of unknown origin. [Chong]

{phoneme /gy/ similar to palatised /d'/}

Altaic

dore! come! /Japanese

jin (L,LN,Z) to come /Basque

Uralic

jön to come; to be coming /Hungarian

This one is of F-U origin.

*j8"ng3- (Proto FU?) [Chong]

Sumerian

ğin, ğen to go, to come [jh]

Altaic/Tungus

jimbi to come /Manchu [as]

ju (imperative of jimbi): to come /Manchu [as]

Indo-European/Germanic

gân êode êodon gegân go, come, walk, advance /Old English [sc1]

kapa cloak (B,G,U); coarse woolen cloth (L) /Basque
gaban (B,G,U) overcoat /Basque

Uralic

köpe-nyeg cloak; kab-át coat /Hungarian
guba coarsely knotted woven cloak /Hungarian

kappa coat /Finnish

Sumerian

gu thread,wool, flax; hub type of weaver

Sino-Tibetan

*?u>p cover /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Burmese: up "to cover"
Kachin: up3 "to cover"
Lushei: up "to cover up, bottle up", KC *up. [ss]

*gju:>p cover /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese meaning "to close, shut"

he 2 /Modern (Beijing) < g|лp /Middle Chinese < g@:p /Old Chinese [ss]

Tibetan: skjob (p. (b)skjabs, f. bskjab, i. skjob(s)) to protect, defend, preserve. [ss]

Kachin: gup2 to cover, as with a hat, g@gup2 a hat. [ss]

Lushei: khu:p to cover up (as head), khup (khu?) to close or shut (as book). [ss]

*Ga:p cover /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese character reading " to cover, conceal; a cover (of a car)"

gai 4 /Modern (Beijing) < ka^\j /Middle Chinese < ka:p-s /Old Chinese [ss]

also read as *ga:p, MC g|a^p 'to thatch, to cover' [ss]

Tibetan: bkab to cover, gab to hide, sgab covering; a~gebs (p. bkab, f. dgab; i. khob) to cover, skjibs everything giving shelter from above, khebs covering, a~kheb (p. khebs) cover.

Kachin: m@gap2 to cover. [ss]

Lushei: hup (hu?) cover, put over. [ss]

Lepcha: kap to cover over, to envelop, to wrap round as garment [ss]

Kiranti: *?k@/p (-s) cover [ss]

Thulung: k@p-thatu [ss]
Kaling: 'kwomna" ('kwo|ptu) cover, wear, thatch [ss]
Limbu: khapma?, -khapt-/-khap- (vt.) 1) tuck someone in, cover someone or something with bedclothes 2) thatch (a roof) [ss]

Altaic

*kápa bark,skin /Altaic [ss]

*kápuk/o/ bark,skin /Turkic [ss]

*guba shell,husk/Altaic [ss]

*gub shell, husk /Tungus [ss]

*k[ā]p`a to cover /Altaic [ss]

*Kāp /Turc
*kab-t- /Mongol
*kup- /Tungus
*kà(m)pú /Japanese [ss]

*k`òp`e film, covering /Altaic [ss]

*köpe /Turc
*köge /Mongol
*xup- /Tungus
*kóp /Korean [ss]

Turkic

kbe "coat of mail" /Cuman [pbg]

kepe-neg fleece coat /Turkic

Japanese

kabā a cover (one wears); kabusaru, kabuseru to cover
kappa rain-coat; mackintosh

It was kindly pointed out to me by the editor of "The Jurchen language and Script Website" [jl] that (contains Japanese coding)

Kappa ( ƒJƒbƒp) is gairaigo i‚ª‚¢‚ç‚¢‚², ŠO—ˆŒê, western loan wordjand is originated from Portugese "capa". It was borrowed in 14~16 century and is written in katakana.( not in hiragana or kanji) . Therefore it is not an Altaic word.

See reference [jl]

Austric

api, to cover, to cap. /Rapanui [anon]

Ka api toou hakari Cover yourself. [anon]

kapui(a) to cover /Mäori [ng]

Caucasian

*qa:rp.V / *p.a:rqV outerwear, fur-coat /North Caucasian [ss]

*q:aba- fur-coat /Andian [ss]

q:aba/rĉa /Avar; q:apa, q:apaĉa /Andi; q:a:ĉa /Akhvakh; q:abaĉa /Chamalal; q:abaĉa /Tindi [ss]

barq.ut fur-coat /Lak [ss]

*p.arq. fur-coat /Dargwa [ss]

p.arq. /Akusha [ss]

*q.ap:a(r)ĉaj fur-coat /Lezghian [ss]

q.abaĉej /Tabasaran; q:abaĉaj /Rutul [ss]

also see Hungarian bőr / farkas / fark, farok "skin, hide, leather / wolf / tail etc."

Dravidian

kappu to cover, overspread, cover over (as an arch)(Tamil); kavican-ai wrapper, cover, sheath (Tamil.<Telugu); kappuka, kammuka to cover, overspread (Malayalam); kaviyan wrapper, pillowcase (Malayalam); kavc-to cover with a garment (Kota); kofc- to cover (Toda); kappu to cover, spread, overspread (Kannad.a); kavi to cover, overspread (Kannad.a); kavicu, kavacu, kavucu to put upon (Kannad.a); gavasan.i, gavasan.ike, gavasan.ige a cover, wrapper, case (Kannad.a); gavasan.ige case of a fiddle, etc. (Tulu); gausan.ige a bag, case, cover (Tulu); kappu to cover, overspread, envelope (Telugu); kappud.u a cover or covering (Telugu); gausena, gavisena a cloth case or cover (Telugu); kammu to cover, surround, overspread (Telugu); kapp- to cover, overspread (Parji) [sk]

kapa_yi, kaba_yi, kava_yi a gown reaching to the ankles (Kannad.a); a dress for idols /Kannad.a (Kannad.a lex.) kavva_ < kaba_ (Urdu) long coat, tunic (Tamil Paravar usage)(Tamil lex.) [sk]

cappara, capra a frame thrown over houses to form the roof (Kannad.a,Telugu); cappara a shed (Kannad.a,Malayalam,Telugu); a court-yard (Kannad.a); a thatched or tiled roof (Kannad.a,M.Telugu,Malayalam); a trellis (Kannad.a,Telugu); the canopy of a bedstead (Kannad.a,Telugu,Tamil,Malayalam); cappara-maca a canopied bedstead; nad.a-cappara, nad.e-cappara a litter with a canopy over it (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

skep-aô,= skepô , cover, shelter; skep-as, gen. -aos: to: (skepô):-- covering, shelter; skep-ê, hê,= skepas , covering, shelter, protection II. shelter, protection 2. c. gen., s. pneumatôn shelter from

Italic

capa coat /Spanish; capa /Portugese; capotto /Italian
cap, cape cape /French; cabo, capa /Spanish; cabo /Portugese; capo /Italian

Germanic

kappa coat /Swedish; Kap cape /German

English cape (garment) appears to fit, but here is what [ep: page 76] says about its origin :-

Cap, a simple head-covering, derives via Middle English cappe, from Old English caeppe, cap, cape from Late Latin cappa perhaps from caput head (c. AD 180-600). Latin cappa becomes Old Provençal capa whence late Medieval French-French, hence English cape. Cappa has Medieval Latin variant capa "a long cape", whence Middle English hence English cope with derivative sense 'arch' or 'vault' whence 'coping stone'.

Cappa has dimunitive Vulgar (or Low) Latin *cappella "a short cloak", later a reliquary or a sacred vessel, then a chapel whence Old French-Medieval French, hence Middle English chapele, whence Early Modern French-French chapelle and English chapel. Some believe that the 'chapel' sense derives from the fact that 'it served at first to designate the place where they kept the cape (chape) of St. Martin of Tours - a cape venerated by the first kings of France'. But note that Old French chapele more probably derives from Medieval Latin capella a chapel, whence Medieval Latin capellānus a chaplain. Whatever the Vulgar Latin or the Late Latin form may have been, the Medieval Latin word for 'chapel' is capella not cappella.

If we are guessing about the origin of "chapel", see the Dravidian above.

Slavic

kepa type of outer garment /Russian [rh]

According to [rh], the Muscovites knew an outer garment called the kepa. The term is absent from all the dictionaries used in this work except the Dictionary of Old and Middle Russian, which presents 2 examples from the seventeenth century. [rh] thinks this is probably a Turkic word, for the garments adjective is "Bukhara. " Whatever it was, [rh] surmises that it was made of cotton because kepa seems to be related to a Turkish word for cotton.

dlouhý kabát; kabátek coat; kápé cape /Czech; kaput coat; kep cape /Serb-Croat; kabát coat /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

k∂ba (man's) long outer coat, gown /Baluchi [mab]

Indo-Aryan

khappa- cover /Sanskrit [sk]
chappara a frame thrown over houses to form the roof; cappara a temporary hut (Mara_t.hi_) [sk]

Yuki

k'ipul' sack1, bag [y84]

karranka-tu, kirrinka-tu to creak /Basque

Uralic

csikor-og to creak /Hungarian
csikor-gat to make creak, grind {-gat suffix meaning "on and off / repetition"} /Hungarian
fogát csikorgatja to gnash/grind one's teeth /Hungarian

tšikordoms to creak /Erzya

Altaic/Turkic

gicirti creak; gicirdamak creak, rustle /Turkish
jygyldamak to squeak; jygyldy squeak (i.e. of a mouse) /Turkmen [glnp]

ïghïr-soghïr squeak, creak, crunch; ïghïr-soghïr istîlçe a creaking sound is audible; ïghïra= to creak, to grate; ïghïrat= to let creak, grate; tîsterîn ïghïrat= to grit the teeth; sapogïnañ ïghïratça s/he is creaking with his/her boots; cf Sagay, Koybal ïghrït= /Khakas [kl]

Austro-Asiatic

kharok sound of scraping (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Dravidian

kar-akar-a to crackle in the mouth (as a crisp cake) /Tamil [sk]

Indo-European/Slavic

škrgut gnashing/grinding (of teeth); škrgutati to gnash/grind one's teeth /Serbo-Croatian

kaxa box, chest, case, trunk /Basque

Uralic

kas, kos-ár basket /Hungarian
mell-kas chest, chest cavity {mell "breast,chest" + kas "basket,cavity"} /Hungarian

Sumerian

gisu7-su7 a basket (reduplicated 'threshing floor') [jh]

Etruscan

cesu "piece, trunk" [az96] < *khwest- [az96]

Indo-European

Celtic

ciosan a bread basket, corn-skep /Gaelic; cisean, cis basket /Irish; ceiss /Middle Irish; possibly allied to (if not borrowed from) cista chest, box /Latin [mcb]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

k∂Tur basket /Baluchi [mab]

Quechua

qasqu // qasqo // qhasqo // qhasqu // qaaqo chest cavity; thorax [q2]

kemen force; kemen-du to strengthen (B,G,L,U) /Basque

Uralic

*kämä hard, stiff /F.U.; kim hard /Jukagir

kemény hard, severe, resolute /Hungarian

Sumerian

kan-kal hard soil; kan 3,5 trouble, worry, affliction

Afro-Asiatic

gmd to become hard, congeal, freeze, contract /Central Semitic [ahd]

jamada to freeze /Arabic [ahd]

Indo-European/Slavic

kamen stone, rock; kameni, kamenit stony, rocky /Serbo-Croatian

Muskogean/Eastern

kamassa to be forceful, strong, solid, powerful /Alabama [tm]

Usage: Old word not used much anymore; speakers differ as to whether this may be used of a person or only animals. [tm]

Yuki

k'im dry2, dry up, dry and hard [y84]
'kem`
hard2 [y84]

-keta 1) search; 2) large amount of; 3) activity; 4) season, weather 5) competition /Basque

-gat, -get frequentive formative suffix which denotes that the action is continued for an extended period of time with or without interruption. /Hungarian

Uralic

Also c.f. Hungarian suffixes -kod, -ked, -köd; -koz, -kez, -köz which form the so-called reflexive verbs most often from active verbs /Hungarian

These create verbs describing the action of the agent (usually one's self). The reflexive verb is always intransitive and nearly always ends with an -ik suffix (the so-called -ik verbs).

Chukchee-Kamchatkan (??)

*-cit- mutual action (обоюдное действие) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN233]

-cit- /Chukchee; -cit- /Koryak; -cit- /Alutor [ss]

kut-at to search; investigate; explore /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian kutat is supposedly onomatopoeic. [Chong]

Altaic

göz eye {t>z}/Turk

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*γi>te>- "to search (for), seek", "to look" (искать, смотреть) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN526]

*γite- "to look" (смотреть) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN395]

γitε'- /Chukchee; γite- /Koryak; γite- /Palan; γita- /Alutor [ss]

*in-xt- (~ *-ft-) /Proto Itelmen [ss]

'in-ft- "to search (for), seek" (искать) /Sedank dialect [ss]
'in'-γtyz "quaerere" /West Itelmen [ss]

Etruscan

cath, cathin to grasp, perceive [az96]
cathe shrewd, intelligent, sly [az96]
cathna perception [az96]
cati, cathni, catni examination, perception [az96]
esxath, esxathce to investigate, interrogate, to seek [az96]

Indo-European

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

katha how, how much, when; kutha how, when; kuthra where, how /Avestan

Indo-Aryan

kútas from what place? whence? wherefore? why? how? /Sanskrit
kútra where? whither? /Sanskrit

Sumerian

ki where; kid to open; ki-n look for; kig', kin seek

kot-or to scoop; dredge; poke about /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian kotor is also thought to be 'possibly' onomatopoeic. [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic

xtr N /Aramaic [cal]

1 JLAGal shovel

Cognate Set <Cohen (1947), #199> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

gwa"d- till, dig /Bilin; gwoz- plough /Qwara

Cushitic, East

qod- dig /Somali

Egyptian

c#o_o_je (Sah), jo_ji (Boh) cut /Coptic Egyptian

Cognate Set < Newman et al. (1966) , #134> [oi4]

Chadic

huudee to hoe /Hausa
ghud/@ to hoe /Tera

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1983) , #4.12> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

k'ot- dig /Proto East Cushitic

Semitic

q@ta_ya_ q@ta_ta_ pit /Syriac

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 406 #> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

k'ot- dig /Proto East Cushitic

k'ot- dig /Burji; qod- /Somali; xut- /Rendille; od- /Boni; ot- cultivate /Bayso; g'ot%z- dig /Dasenech; ot- /Elmolo; k'ot- /Oromo; qot- /Konso; k'os#- /Gidole; qot- /Dullay

Cognate Set <Appleyard (1984) , p. 46 #1> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

g@s#-, g@'s# (?) till, dig /Awngi; gwa"z- till, dig /Kemant; gw@z- till, dig /Xamir; gwa"d- till, dig /Bilin

Altaic/Turkic

gaz-mak to dig /Turkmen [glnp]

Austro-Asiatic

hatr.a hatr.i, hutr.a hutr.i groping; t.amd.ao, hat.rao to grope (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Austric

tuki(a), kutoro(tia), puhaka(ina) root up; kutoro(tia) to grub /Mäori [ng]

Caucasian

*gaz|a: hoe, mattock /North Caucasian [ss]

*gaza hoe, mattock /Avaroandian [ss]

gaza/ (Avar); gaza (Andi); goza (Chamalal); gaza (Karata); g/aza (Godoberi) [ss]

k:ac:a hoe (for digging graves) /Lak [ss]

*k:ac:a hoe, mattock /Dargwa [ss]

gaza /Akusha [ss]

*k:ac:aj 1 hoe, mattock 2 pick, pickaxe /Lezghian [ss]

k:ac:a 1 (Lezghi); gazu 2 (Tabasaran); gaza (Burk.) 2 (Agul); gaz|aj 2 (Rutul); gazaj 1,2 (Tsakhur); g@z@j 1,2 (Budukh) [ss]

Dravidian

*kot.- to dig; to peck; to break; *kot- to peck /Dravidian [ss]

kutar_u (kutar_i-) to dig up and scatter (Tamil); kodaru to be scattered (Telugu)(DEDR 1704).[sk]

goodar hoe; guddar. spade, hoe; kudar. spade, axe (Gondi); guddali hoe with spade-like blade (Kod.agu); guddali, guddoli, guddol.i a kind of pickaxe; guddolipuni to dig with a pickaxe (Tulu); guddali, guddili, guddela, gudde_li, gudde_lu a hoe; guddalincu to hoe (Telugu); kudal. spade (Naikri.) (DEDR 1722).[sk]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

kat-a^roô, plough up

Anatolian

hattari(ya)- `to hoe' (or sim.) /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]

Indo-Iranian

kodal a hoe; a ditch, a well /Persian [fjs]

also c.f. Hungarian kút "a well"

khatar, khutar weeding (a garden) /Persian [fjs]

Quechua

qataray to uncover [q2]

Yuki

k'o·t-, k'ot'- scratch1 [y84]

köször-ül to grind, file, scratch /Hungarian

Uralic

*k8"s'3- (Proto Ugric) [Chong]

Altaic

kasuri-kizu scratch; abrasion; graze; kasuru to graze /Japanese

Indo-European/Anatolian

kiša to scratch /Hittite [cb]

kexa-tu (L.LN,Z,U) complain /Basque

Uralic

*kVc'e bitter /Ugrian; *kän'c'e thin,meager /Ugrian

keser-gõ plaintive; keser-ü bitter; keser-eg to grieve, mourn /Hungarian
kesh-ed
wear out, fall apart /Hungarian

Sumerian

kaš beer ??

Altaic

*gusa bitter, sour /Altaic [ss]

*gasi-gun /Mongol
*goši-
/Tungus [ss]

*kesV to suffer /Altaic [ss]

*Keset- to order, threaten /Turkic
*keseg|e- to punish, correct /Mongolian
*kese:- 1 to suffer 2 to punish 3 scoundrel, rogue 4 to torture, lacerate 5 sad /Tungus
*kj@\s- to suffer, experience /Korean [ss]

Dravidian

*kas- bitter /Dravidian [ss]

*kas- bitter South Dravidian [ss]

kaya (-pp-, -nt-) to be bitter; abhor, loathe, detest /Tamil; kaikka, kas/akka to be bitter, be disliked /Malayalam; kay, kam.yi, kayi, kayyi, kaypu, kaype bitterness /Kannada; kay- (kayp-, kayc-) to be bitter /Kodagu; kaipe\, kayipe, kaipelu. bitterness; bitter, envious /Tulu [ss]

*kas-/*ce:- raw, unripe (kasu~ga:ya unripe fruit) /Telugu [ss]

*ke:- bitter /Kolami-Gadba [ss]

se:nd /Kolami; ke:p- (ke:t-) "to be sour or bitter" /Parji; ke:mbur, keymbur /Salur [ss]

*kai- to be bitter /Gondwan [ss]

*kaj- /Gondi
*ke- /Pengo-Manda
*ka-mbli, *kac- /Kui-Kuwi [ss]

*qas- to become bitterish, insipid or vapid /North Dravidian [ss]

qase /Malto [ss]

kasa brackish /Tuli; kassa sour /Kuwi; kasa, kasaku, kasaru, kasi, kasu, kasuru astringency /Kannad.a [sk]

kusuri, kusri, kosaru anything given to boot when a person buys commodities (Tulu); kosaru to ask for a litte extra quantity after purchasing any article, be greedy, eager for; n. a little quantity of anything given by a trader over and above what has been paid for, eagerness, greediness, lust (Telugu; kosor anything demanded gratis after purchasing vegetables etc. (Kond.a); ko_sori bonus (Kuwi)(DEDR 2332). [sk]

Indo-European

Celtic

casaid a complaint, accusation /Gaelic; casoid /Irish; cossóit /Old Irish {The Gaelic is a compound, beginning with con, and seemingly of the same origin as Gaelic faosaid "confession"} //// ceasad a complaint /Gaelic; ceasacht, grumbling /Irish; cesnaighim, complain, ces, sorrow /Middle Irish [see mcb]

Slavic

kiselina acid, sour substance; kiseliš sour liquid (wine) /Serbo-Croatian
kiseliti make sour; kiseo sour, tart /Serbo-Croatian
kyslý sour /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

kşāra pungent, saline < kşā burn /Sanskrit
kşúdh, kşudhā hunger < kşudh be hungry /Sanskrit (?)

Muskogean/Eastern

kaskaha sour (as a lemon or orange), tart, tangy /Alabama [tm]

Duality

kide (C) member,colleague, fellow,associate /Basque
-kide (C) suffix signifying companionship /Basque
kidego (C) companion; kidetu (C) (vi) to be similar, be alike, resemble; to pair (up) /Basque

Uralic

*-kè(-) meaning "dual" in Proto Uralic; later becomes plural for Hungarian, két two (things)) but also in most Uralic languages for two. [lc]

kettõ two (a pair, couple); ketten two, the two of us; together /Hungarian

*kakte- (Proto Uralic) [Chong]

kydy two /Mator; kavto two /Erzya [fv]
kaksi (Finnish); kät, katn (Khanty); kyk (Komi, Udmurt) [Chong]

Altaic

*ke/t`o (~k`-, g-, -o-,-t-) similar /Altaic [ss]

*ka>\th- to be similar, resemble /Korean [ss]

kat(h)- /Modern Korean; ka>\th-, ka>/t- /Middle Korean

*k@/t@/ resemblance, similarly /Japanese [ss]

koto, RJ -go/to/ku /Old Japanese; -gotoku /Tokyo [ss]

Turkic

go∫a two, a pair /Turkmen [glnp]

katmar two together (Kyrgyz - -mar is a suffix); katmär double (Osman) / qatîn repeatedly (Old Turkic) / xat double (Sakha) [Chong]

Tungus

katak companion (-k is a suffix); katlin in tandem (-lin is a suffix) (Ewen) [Chong]

Yukaghir [emas]

ki- 'two'

Caucasian

*q.Hwa": two /North Caucasian [ss]

*k.i- two /Andian [ss]

k.i-go /Avar; ĉ.e-gu /Andi; k.e-da /Akhvakh; eĉ.i-da /Chamalal; k./e-ja /Tindi; k.e-da /Karata; k.e-da /Botlikh; k./e-ra /Bagvalal; k./e-da /Godoberi [ss]

*q.w|y-nV A two /Tsezian [ss]

q.Iano /Tsezi; q.ono /Ginukh; q.Iw|ene /Khvarshi; q.Iune /Inkhokvari; q.ona /Bezhita; q.anu /Gunzib [ss]

k.i=a two /Lak [ss]

*k.w|i two /Dargwa [ss]

k.e-l /Akusha; ĉ.w|a-l /Chiragh [ss]

*q.Iw|a" two /Lezghian [ss]

q.w|e-d /Lezghi; q.Iu /Tabasaran; q.Iu-d /Agul; q.Iw|ad /Rutul; q.Io-lla" /Tsakhur; q.w|ad /Kryz; q.a-b /Budukh; q.Iw|e /Archi; p:aI /Udi [ss]

k.u two /Khinalug [ss]

*tqI:/w|A two /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

?|w|-ba/ Abkhaz; ?|w|-ba Abaza; t.w|@ Adyghe; t.w|@ Circassian; t.q.w|a Ubykh [ss]

Indo-European

Italic

-que suffix represents the so-called enclitic conjunction "and" /Latin
repeated as -que....-que means 'both....and" /Latin

Committing heresy by including this suffix here for comparison!

Chukchee-Kamchatkan (?)

*quli another (другой) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN287]

*quli , *quttą another, the second (другой, второй) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN723]

qul(i), quttą- /Chukchee; qul(i), quccą- /Koryak; qulle, quli- /Palan; qul(i), quttą- /Alutor [ss]

*qula /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN292]

qula, Poss. qula(n) another (другой) /Sedank dialect; kalo-tumx (< kola-) vicinus /West Itelmen [ss]

Niger-Congo (?)

xaaj (v.) to divide, separate; xaaji (v.) to divide; xaajo (n.) part,portion /Wollof [pc2]

Plural marker

-ak suffix expresses the plural of the definite article /Basque

Uralic

guolek (plur.) fish /Lapp

"The 2Psg suffix -k of the Lapp conjugation belongs here, too, thus the derivation of -k from the common Finnic form -t is absurd". [Künnap]

halak (plur.) fish /Hungarian

The plural marker -k is the exception rather than the rule in the Uralic family. It apparently only occurs in Hungarian and Lapp. [see Künnap]

(I) Plural of Nouns in Hungarian

(a) Elision

(i) in a few bisyllabic nouns the second vowel is dropped in the plural for example, torony 'tower' -> tornyok 'towers'

(ii) in words ending in the suffix -alom, -elem the second vowel (of the suffix) is dropped in the plural.

(b) Shortening

A few words with a long vowel in the final syllable shorten it in the plural case, e.g. egér 'mouse' -> egerek 'mice'

(II) Adjectives in Hungarian

(a) Front Vowel Adjectives

The linking vowel before the plural suffix -k is always -e-

kék 'blue' -> kékek 'blues'

(b) Back Vowel Adjectives

The linking vowel before the plural suffix -k is always -a- with a few exceptions.

piros 'red' -> pirosak 'reds'

Some exceptions include nagyok, boldogok etc.

{also see Basque -ok and Hungarian suffix -ék}

Austro-Asiatic/Munda,South

-ki plural suffix /Kharia [mw3]

Iberian (?)

The "primary" suffix -k-, seems to have been a pluralizing suffix. [jrr1]

Dravidian [sva]

In Brahui, the plural can be formed by adding suffixes -k, -âk and -âsk to the singular form.

Etruscan

-cva suffix formed a so-called 'collective adjective' [lb]

Indo-European

Classical Armenian [cao]

-k' plural suffix

duk' -- pronoun; nominative plural of <du> thou -- Ye; nok'a -- pronoun; nominative plural of <na> he, she, it -- they; ordik' -- noun; nominative plural of <ordi> son -- the children; vardzk' -- noun; nominative plural of <vardz> reward -- rewards

Indo-Iranian/Iranian [fjs]

-ha the plural termination, formerly mostly of things inanimate, as sang "a stone," sang-ha "stones," while the plural of animated beings was generally (not exclusively) formed by -an, as adami "man," pl. adamiyan "men, mankind." In modern Persian, however, the ending -ha has almost entirely superseded -an both for inanimated and animated beings. /Persian

Na-Dene

Athabaskan-Eyak

Dakelh (Carrier) [yd]

-ke suffix is the plural marker for a smaller number of nouns; (this is the usual way of marking the plural of kinship terms)

-ne suffix is the most common plural marker

Algic/Algonquian

Cree [gn]

-(w)ak suffix expresses the plural

e.g. sisip duck; sisipak. ducks
atim dog; atimwak dogs

Ojibwe [ob]

the plural suffix for animate nouns always ends with -g
the plural suffix for inanimate nouns always ends with -n

Potawatomi [pl1]

the plural suffix of animate nouns always end in -k
the plural suffix for inanimate nouns always ends with -n

Group marker

-ok suffix used with articles and nouns to express being part of a group /Basque

Uralic

-ék suffix /Hungarian

Hungarian suffix -ék when

1) attached to names of persons and professions denotes somebody's family and corresponds with the English suffix -s;

2) can be added to other words (not only persons) to denote a group

Burushaski

-ek suffix is added to the singular or plural of the word to form the group plural (also called ‘double plural’) [dg]

kima (n.) shoot, sprout, bud (on a branch). (B,LN) (n.) mane (of a horse) (G) /Basque
kimu (B,G,U) (n.) bud, sprout, shoot /Basque

gumó tuber, root, bulb, swelling /Hungarian

Uralic

csoma the nodule of the plague /Hungarian (got into neighboring tongues also)

Also see Hungarian csomó knot; heap, pile, bundle

Sumerian

šum leek, garlic << a bulbous root

Altaic

*ĉ`iam[o] bud, bouquet /Altaic [ss]

*ĉemen 1 bouquet, bundle 2 a k. of grass (used for wrapping feet) /Turkic [ss]

ĉemen 1 /Turkmen [ss]

*ĉomurlag bouquet; bud /Mongolian [ss]

comorlog Khalkha [ss]

*ĉi:me, *ĉi:m-ĉikte 1 bud 2 cone 3 fir needle 4 grain, nut stone, kernel /Tungus [ss]

ĉimĉukte 2,3 /Negidal; ĉimĉikte 1,2 /Nanai; ĉimĉikte 1,2 /Ulcha; ĉipĉikte 1,3 /Orok; ĉi:me 4 /Evenki [ss]

Dravidian

*gum- knob, boss; hump /Dravidian [ss]

*gum- knob; hump /South Dravidian [ss]

kumir knob (as of wooden sandals), stud, pommel, hump of an ox /Tamil; kumir.i boss, knob (as of wooden sandals); kuppi ferrule (e.g. on scabbard, horn of ox) /Tamil; kumir. knob, pommel; mushroom /Malayalam; kuppi brass knob on tip of bullock's horn /Malayalam; gubbi knob, protuberance /Kannad.a; kuppu, guppu an abnormal globular excrescence of the body; guba:ru swelling /Kannad.a; gubbi, gubbe\ stud, ornamental knob, button /Tulu [ss]

*gub- knob, boss, stud /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: gubaka; Derivatives: Also gubba id., protuberance, woman's breast; guburu protuberance; kuppe knob [ss]

*gom- hump of ox /Gondwan [ss]

koparam hump of bullock /Konda [ss]

*gom-er. hump of ox /Pengo-Manda [ss]

gomon. /Pengo; guper. /Manda [ss]

Notes: Different assimilations in both languages. [ss]

*kop-a hump, cow's hump /Kui-Kuwi

kopa /Kui

Notes: The reasons for such obviously irregular reflexation in all dialects except PPM are a) assimilations (*-m- > -p- through assimilation with *g-) and b) contamination with *kup- 'mound, hillock'. However, such forms as Pengo gomon. clearly point to a different root. There is also a strange Kuwi_Su form gu'u with an unclear glottal stop. Were it possible to trace it back to *gumu (?), the PK reconstruction should have been altered [ss]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

kuma, atos, to, (kuô) anything swollen (as if pregnant)

Slavic

gomolj bulb, tuber, knot /Serbo-Croatian

gomb button; knob; gomb-oly-ag ball; skein, reel /Hungarian
gömb ball, orb, sphere; globe; gömb-öly-ű round, spherical /Hungarian
gomb-a mushroom (a hemispherical shape) /Hungarian
gub-ó cocoon; poppy-head /Hungarian (also from gömb) /Hungarian
kampo a crook, bent object; kampós hooked, crooked /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

*gV(m)bVt_- {} *gV(m)bVc^- hump (of an animal) /Protoform [ss]

(?) gips^u 'a deformation of part of the exta' /Akkadian
gbt_t 'morrillo; jiba, chepa' /Ugaritic
ga"b@s 'crook-backed' /Tigre
gumbus 'hunchbacked' (WOL) /East Ethiopia
gumbus (SOD), gumb@s do. [ibid.] (GOG ) /Gurage [ss]

*gab(V)b-, *gVb(b)-an- hump, hunch /protoform [ss]

gibna: 'hump'; gbynh, det. gbynth 'hump, hill' /Judaic Aramaic [ss]

Altaic

*ĉe\m(b)a round /Altaic [ss]

*z^|em- orbed, spheric /Tungus [ss]

z^|en|ge- /Negidal; z^|embeme /Evenki [ss]

*ti/nki/r- to swear /Japanese [ss]

ti/gi/r- /Old Japanese; chigiru /Tokyo [ss]

An expressive and not quite reliable Tung.-Jap. isogloss [ss]

*k`o/mp[e] fungus /Altaic [ss]

*ko"mbe, *ko"mbe-lek mushroom /Turkic [ss]

go"ba"la"k /Azeri; ko"melek /Turkmen; kúw|mba /Chuvash [ss]

*xum(p)- 1 soot 2 to soften 3 smth. rotten 4 softened birch bark 5 rotten birch /Tungus [ss]

umdus-umdus 3 /Negidal; x|omdo (Nkh) 4, xufe-kse (Bik.) 1 /Nanai; xume-sike 1 /Orok; umdu- 2, ubguĉe: 5 /Evenki

*ko:mph- 1 mould 2 to become mouldy /Korean [ss]

kom, komphan| /Modern Korean; ko:mphu/i- /Middle Korean [ss]

*ka/mp(u)i/ mould /Japanese [ss]

ka\bi /Tokyo [ss]

*gébo shell, husk /Altaic [ss]

*Ka.b- /Turc
*gawr-su /Mongol
*gub- /Tungus
*kò`ìi /Korean
*ká(m)pí /Japanese [ss]

*kampo to fold /Altaic [ss]

*kamki- /Mongol
*kamp- /Tungus
*kám- /Korean [ss]

Turkic

kabarik swollen, blistered, puffy /Turkish
güberçek protruding, bulging, convex; gübermek to swell up, inflate /Turkmen [glnp]

Dravidian

*gum- knob, boss; hump /Dravidian [ss]

*gum- knob; hump /South Dravidian [ss]

kumir knob (as of wooden sandals), stud, pommel, hump of an ox /Tamil; kumir.i boss, knob (as of wooden sandals); kuppi ferrule (e.g. on scabbard, horn of ox) /Tamil; kumir. knob, pommel; mushroom /Malayalam; kuppi brass knob on tip of bullock's horn /Malayalam; gubbi knob, protuberance /Kannad.a; kuppu, guppu an abnormal globular excrescence of the body; guba:ru swelling /Kannad.a; gubbi, gubbe\ stud, ornamental knob, button /Tulu [ss]

*gub- knob, boss, stud /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: gubaka; Derivatives: Also gubba id., protuberance, woman's breast; guburu protuberance; kuppe knob [ss]

*gom- hump of ox /Gondwan [ss]

koparam hump of bullock /Konda [ss]

*gom-er. hump of ox /Pengo-Manda [ss]

gomon. /Pengo; guper. /Manda [ss]

Notes: Different assimilations in both languages. [ss]

*kop-a hump, cow's hump /Kui-Kuwi

kopa /Kui

Notes: The reasons for such obviously irregular reflexation in all dialects except PPM are a) assimilations (*-m- > -p- through assimilation with *g-) and b) contamination with *kup- 'mound, hillock'. However, such forms as Pengo gomon. clearly point to a different root. There is also a strange Kuwi_Su form gu'u with an unclear glottal stop. Were it possible to trace it back to *gumu (?), the PK reconstruction should have been altered [ss]

a_mpi, ampi common mushroom (Tamil); kumir.. mushroom /Malayalam); an.abe, an.ambe, al.ambe, a_l.ambe mushroom (Kannad.a); la_mbu, na_mbu mushroom, toadstool, fungus (Tulu); alambu, al.ambu mushroom (Tulu); armbi id. (Kor.ux) [sk]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

kuphos hump, hunch; hubos hump of a camel

kamptô bend, curve; kampê, hê, (kamptô) (I) 1. winding, of a river 2. flexion, bending 3. curved part; (II) turning-post in a racecourse; (III) in Music, turn, sudden change - rounding off of a period; (IV) bend or flexure of a limb; kampsis, eôs, hê, (kamptô) bending; kamp-ullô bend, crook

Italic

cămŭr -a -um hooked, curved /Latin

Slavic

gumb button; stud; knob /Serbo-Croatian
gombík button /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

kaba, kuba, kubba a rising, a swelling /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

ks.umpa toadstool, mushroom (RV.Nir.); khum.pa_ cover made of grass to keep off rain (umbrella-shaped?) /Prakrit; khumbhi_ mushroom /Sindhi_; khumbh, khumbi_, khumbhi_ /Lahnda_; khumb, khu~b, khu~bh /Punja_bi_; khu~pr.o large screen for keeping rain off /Gujara_ti_ [sk]

kiña (B,G) n. stirring up, rousing (someone or something with a stick), agitating /Basque
[cf. min pain /Basque]

Uralic

gon-osz bad, wicked, evil, vicious /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian gonosz is thought to be of Slavic origin. [Chong]

gúny mockery, mocking, ridicule (< gúnyol- make fun of, mock of, ridicule) /Hungarian [Chong]

Officially, Hungarian gúnyol- might be a descriptive word. [Chong]

kény-szer force, coercion, constraint; kény-úr despot, tyrant /Hungarian

Expert source sees Hungarian kényszer as being derived from the verb kényszerít-. and points out that it is possible kész- "incite", "spur", "urge" is the root of kényszerít-. [Chong]

For example cf. Hungarian késztet "to make or get sb. to do stng". Also see kész "finished", etc. in [Chong]

An alternative explanation by [Chong] would be to view kényszer with kény as an obsolete root (not to be confused with kény "approval", etc.) and szer = "matter", "thing". Thus, in the following etymology:

kényszer compulsion; kényszerû forced (Hungarian)
kana- compel (Nganasan)

kín pain, torture, anguish; kín-oz to torture, pester, to worry, torment, plague /Hungarian
kínlód- to struggle, suffer, be in difficulty /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian kín is of Turkic origin. [Chong]

Sumerian

kan 3,5 apprehension, worry; affliction, trouble; to be troubled [jh]
kíğ, kin (n.) message, order; task, work [jh]

Niger-Congo (?)

koŋ (v) to hate, forbid, prohibit /Mandinka [pc1]

Hurrian-Urartian

gun-uše, war, combat; gun-ušini, warrior [ryan]

Sino-Tibetan

*Kon| distress, despond /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "be distressed, distress"
qiong 2 /Modern (Beijing) < go"un| /Middle Chinese
< g(h)on| /Old Chinese

ãgon|(s)-ba, (p. bkon|) to despond. /Tibetan [ss]

kjo/n| to be distressed, to be aflicted, difficult, unexplicable, to be bewildering /Lepcha [ss]

*kha:n|H ( ~ gh-, qh-, Gh-) annoy /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese meaning "emotion, grief; annoyed"

kang 1 /Modern (Beijing) < kha^n| /Middle Chinese < kha:n| /Old Chinese [ss]

Tibetan: a~khan| to hurt or offend, annoy. [ss]

*Ky:n hate, anger /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese meaning "to oppose, be against; to hate, be malign"

hen 3 /Modern (Beijing) < g|Y/n /Middle Chinese < g(h)@:n? /Old Chinese [ss]

Tibetan: khon anger, grudge, resentment, a~khon be dissatisfied. [ss]

Altaic

*kuni ( ~ k`-) to rob, attack, torture /Altaic [ss]

*Kun- to rob, plunder, attack /Turkic [ss]

qun- Old Turkic [ss]
Gunus^- (dial.) Turkmen [ss]

*ko"nu"g|e- to harm, torture /Mongol [ss]

ko"nu"ge- /Written Mongolian; xo"no":- /Khalkha [ss]

*k`iu:/n/a punishment /Altaic [ss]

*Ky:n/ punishment, fine, guilt

qyjn /Old Turkic; Gy:n /Turkmen; x@n /Chuvash [ss]

*kon-z^|i- to win, profit /Mongolian [ss]

qonz^|i-, qon|z^|i-, qoz^|i- /Written Mongolian; xonz^|- /Khalkha; x|onz^|a: 'gain, winning' /Kalmuck; konz^|i- /Dagur [ss]

*xun/i- to envy, become sick of envy /Tungus [ss]

un/i- /Negidal; xun/i- /Nanai; xun/i- /Ulcha; o"n/- /Even; uni- /Evenki [ss]

*ka/na/- sad, sorrowful /Japanese [ss]

ka/na/-si Old Japanese; ka\nashi- Tokyo [ss]

Turkic

kyn difficult; kynçylyk difficulty; kynla∫dyrmak to complicate /Turkmen [glnp]
kynla∫mak to become complicated; kynlyk difficulty /Turkmen [glnp]

Japanese

kansai n. control

kunō suffering; distress; affliction; anguish; agony

It was kindly pointed out to me by the editor of "The Jurchen language and Script Website" [jl] that (contains Japanese coding)

kuno (‹ê"Y, ‚­‚Ì‚¤) is a Chinese loan. [jl]

Austric

kino, whara harm; kino hurt; evil bad /Mäori [ng]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*qĩ_nhą- malicious (злобный) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN280]

*qi_n[h]a- "malice; enmity, hostility" /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1492]

qen?a- /Chukchee [ss]

*kno- /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN285]

kno'an "iratus" /West Itelmen; kani-kix "iratus est" /SIT [ss]

Dravidian

*ken.- to arouse, irritate /Dravidian [ss]

*ken.- to provoke, irritate /South Dravidian [ss]

kin.ayuka to quarrel, become angry /Malayalam; ken.aku to irritate, provoke, by words or deeds /Kannada; ken.akuni, ken.kuni, kenakuni to provoke, irritate, kindle /Tulu [ss]

*cen.- to touch, stir up, provoke; n. a touch /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: cen.aku; Dialect forms (1): cen.uku [ss]

Indo-European

Anatolian

haniya- `malicious' /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]

Indo-Iranian

kin hatred, enmity, rancour, malice; revenge /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]
kin-awar a fierce warrior, pugnacious. /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]
kin-awari fight, contention, warfare /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]
kin-toz one who foments dissentions and law-suits; malevolent-minded /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]

-ko little {diminutive suffix}/Basque

Uralic

-ka, -ke little {diminutive suffix} /Hungarian

Caucasian

*k.A> a suffix(diminutive or singulative) /North Caucasian [ss]

*-Vk. /Nakh [ss]

*-k.V a diminutive suffix /Andian [ss]

-k.o /Avar [ss]

*-k:(a) a diminutive suffix /Lezghian [ss]

-g / -k /Lezghi; -g /Tabasaran; -g /Rutul; -ng /Kryz; -ng /Budukh [ss]

*k.@ a morpheme denoting singularity /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

-k.(@) /Abkhaz; -k.(@) /Abaza; -k./(@) /Ubykh [ss]

Quechua

-cha little,small,few {diminutive suffix} /Quechua [q2]

Indo-European/Germanic

see similar German -chen little.small

-ska small, little {diminutive suffix} /Basque
-xka small, little {diminutive suffix} /Basque

Uralic

-cska, -cske litlle, small {diminutive suffix} /Hungarian

kolpa-tu to hit, strike, deal a blow, to beat /Basque
kolpe a blow; kolpeka hitting,beating /Basque

Uralic

kalap-ács hammer; kalapács-ol-ni to hammer /Hungarian

Sumerian

kalag, kala, kal (v.) to repair, mend [jh]

Sino-Tibetan

*k(h)a>l/ work /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

hrpw mallet; hrp kзt director of works; builder, architect /Old Egyptian [cgj] {? l > r}
? kelebin pickaxe, axe /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #94> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

kwal(R) hammer/strike/stamp (Bedawiye, Beja)

Cushitic, East

holl-e threshing stick /Harso

Cushitic, South

kolet- pound (grain) /Kwa'dza

Dravidian

kolla blacksmith; kolime, kolume, kulame, kulime, kulme fire-pit, furnace (Kannad.a); kol working in iron, blacksmith; kollan- blacksmith (Tamil); kollan blacksmith, artificer (Malayalam); konimi blacksmith (Kannad.a); kolle blacksmith (Kod.agu); kollusa_na_ to mend implements; kolsta_na_ to repair (of ploughshares)(Gondi); kolhali to forge (Kuwi); kolimi furnace (Telugu); kole.l smithy, temple in Kota village (Kota); kolmi smithy (Gondi) [sk]

kelc outdoor work (Toda); kelasa work, business, affair, deed, advantage; kelasi person who works (Kannad.a); kelasa work (Kod.agu); business, work, affair, advantage (Tulu); kelasamu businesss, work (Telugu) [sk]

Etruscan

clapithe "one who beats" [az96]
culpiu "one who engraves, sculpts" [az96]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

kolap-tô, of birds, peck 2. carve, engrave

Italic

golpear to strike /Spanish
golpe hit, slash, slog, whack; golpeie smite; golpeando striking; golpear to strike /Portuguese

Slavic

klepač sharpener of a scythe by means of hammering it /Serbo-Croatian
okrpati to patch, mend; repair; cobble /Serbo-Croatian

Yuki

k'o(·)l, k'ol pounding basket [y84]
kaw'-lum, k'ol-amt, k.ol=ŭmt pestle of stone [y84]
k'o·lamt. pounding rock, pestle [y84]
ko-lŭnt stone2, under milling basket [y84]

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Corrections and additions by Fred Hámori in red.

Basque Dialects:-)

B = Biscayan (bizkaiera); G = Guipuzcoan (gipuzkoera)
L = Labourdin (lapurdiera); LN = Low Navarrese (benafarrera)
Z = Souletin (zuberoera, xiberoera); U = Unified Basque (Euskara Batua)
C = common to five or more dialects

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The content of this list remains the property of the respective sources in [] brackets. The author can only lay claim to the time and effort that has been invested in its compilation.

Last updated 25 June 2008