Euskara Magyar
These lists contain 'SIMILARITIES' not alleged Basque-Hungarian cognates!
Do you understand?, Verstehen Sie?, Comprenez-vous?, ¿Entiende?, Capisce?
Privation, lack, need, want
-gabe
(C) suffix meaning "lack of" /Basquekev-és little; few /Hungarian {b<>v}
kev-es-en few; kev-es-bedni, -bíteni to diminish; decrease /Hungarian
kev-es-elni to think that smthng is too little or not much /Hungarian
Uralic
Officially, Hungarian kev- is possibly derived from a F-U root
? *kepä (Proto FU, Proto Uralic?) [Chong]
kebja easy, quick (Estonian); kepeä, keveä id. (Finnish); gæp'pâd easy, petty, small, trifling; free, idle, unoccupied (Norwegian Lappish); kapcˆi genial, mild, moderate, slight (Sarapul Udmurt - -cˆi is a denominal noun suffix) [Chong]
hupa "little, soon-to-be-consumed" /Finnish
Niger-Congo (?)
kuwo (n) scarcity /Mandinka [pc1]
xeeb to underestimate, underrate /Wollof [pc2]
xeebante to underestimate each other, underrate /Wollof [pc2]
Afro-Asiatic
gb deficiency, deprivation /Old Egyptian [oi4]
Altaic
*ki_a/bi vacant, empty /Altaic [ss]
*keji-de- to be vacant, empty /Mongolian [ss]
kejide- /Written Mongolian [ss]
xijde- /Khalkha; ki:d- /Kalmuck [ss]
*kiab- to disappear, vacant, empty /Tungus [ss]
kêwkê, kiwkiw /Negidal; kewke /Nanai; kewe, kawka /Ulcha; kekku /Orok [ss]
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*qą
v- narrow (узкий), congested, tight (тесный) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN797]qąw-
, quw- (I) /Chukchee; q(ą)v- (I) /Koryak; qvą-, -kvą- /Palan; q(ą)v- /Alutor [ss]Indo-European/Slavic
gubitak loss; risk, damage; waste; leakage, escape; deficit /Serbo-Croatian
gubiti to lose, forfeit /Serbo-Croatian
Muskogean/Eastern
koboksi to be short (in length, time, distance) /Alabama [tm]
koboksichi to shorten something /Alabam [tm]
Wishing, desiring, praying
-gale
suffix which means "avid, enthusiastic, desirous of, wishing, given to" /Basquekér to ask, request, beg, implore sb. for something /Hungarian
kérlel to entreat, implore; kéreget to beg, keep asking /Hungarian
Uralic
keräjä n beggar /Vaddja [fv]
kerjätä to beg (Finnish) [Chong]
Hungarian kér is officially of FU origin.
Niger-Congo (?)
kerekere (v) to offer, wish, intend /Mandinka [pc1]
Altaic
*ge>\la to search, hunt /Altaic [ss]
*gele-l/ĉ- # to woo, ask /Turkic [ss]
geleŝ- /Kumyk [ss]
*gele:- to ask, demand, search /Tungus [ss]
gele:- /Evenki; gele:- /Even; gele:- /Negidal; gele:- /Solon; gele- /Nanai; gele- /Ulcha; gele- /Orok; gele- /Oroch; gele- /Udighe [ss]
*ka\r- to hunt for, demand, search; drive /Japanese [ss]
ka\r- (Old Japanese); ka/r-, ka\r- (Tokyo); ka/r- (Kyoto); ka/r- (Kagoshima) [ss]
*p`i>ru to pray, bless /Altaic [ss]
*i_r- 1 prediction, luck 2 omen 3 premonition /Turkic [ss]
*hiruγe-
1 to bless 2 benediction /Mongol [ss]*piruge:- to pray /Tungus [ss]
hirug|e:- /Evenki; hirge- /Even; xi:g|e:- /Negidal; iruge:- /Solon [ss]
*pīr-
to beg, pray /Korean [ss]Japanese
garo {suffix verb} meaning "someone feels, wants something"
Austric
Karakii prayer /Moriori [mor]
inoi(a), karakia(tia) to pray; inoi, karakia prayer /Mäori [ng]
korotu wishful; whakaaro, koronga intention /Mäori [ng]
Dravidian
ko.ryk vow paid to god (Kota); ko_rike wishing, desiring (Kannad.a); ko_rika, ko_riki desire, wish, longing, selection (Telugu); ko_rike, ko_rige hope, desire, wish (Tulu); ko_rikkai request, wish (Tamil); ko_ru to request, wish (Tamil); a wish (Malayalam);to purpose, think, wish, desire (Kannad.a); to desire, request, want, choose (Telugu); ko_r to desire (Gadba)(DEDR 2164). [sk]
ko_ru (ko_ri-) to request, wish; ko_rikkai request, wish; kocur-u, kucar anything extra obtained from a shopkeeper as a bargain (Tamil); ko_r-uka to wish, hope, purpose, think; ko_r-u a wish (Malayalam); ko.ryk vow paid to god (Kota); ko_r-u, ko_ru to purpose, think, wish, desire; ko_rike wishing, desiring; kosaru to demand an article gratis or into the bargain; be greedy, desire, hanker; n. anything asked for and given to boot; eagerness, cupidity; kosarike hankering after, desire (Kannad.a); ko_runi to desire, hope, expect; ko_rik, ko_rig hope, desire, wish; kusuri, kusri, kosaru anthing given to boot when a person buys commodities (Tulu); ko_ru to desire, request, want, choose; ko_rika, ko_riki desire, wish, longing, selection; kor-alu to desire, wish; kosaru to ask for a litte extra quantity after purchasing any article, be greedy, eager for; n. a little quantity of anything given by a trader over and above what has been paid for, eagerness, greediness, lust (Telugu); ko_r- to desire (Gadba); kosor anything demanded gratis after purchasing vegetables etc. (Kond.a); ko_rinai to vote; ko_sori bonus (Kuwi)(DEDR 2332). [sk]
Etruscan
caru "to have/take part, invite" [az96]
(1) Indo-European
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
кур- (ku'r-)
to ask, request /Ossetic [va: 39](2) Indo-European
*perek'- 'fragen, bitten' or 'to ask, to beg' /Proto IE [ss]
kérdez to ask, put a question; inquire about /Hungarian
kérdés a question, query, interrogation /Hungarian
Indo-European
Classical Armenian [cao]
harts' examination, question, questioning
harts'anem I ask
akar to desire, want, need, wish; akarat wish, desire, intent /Hungarian
Uralic
Possibly of FU origin according to one source; and of uncertain origin according to another. [Chong]
[? ¿ng@rtÅ inspect, look at, regard, view (Obdorsk Khanty) / ò_ngk'ertä- consider, regard as; look (at/on/to); take in (consideration), weigh (KnVah) / ¿ñkwe°ti consider, regard as; glance, notice; look (at/on/to); take in consdieration, weigh (Konda Man's'i)] // [? karu-, xu- (Nganasan)] [Chong]
also see Hungarian -og; ok "do,make; a reason, a cause etc."
Niger-Congo (?)
kerekere (v) to offer, wish, intend /Mandinka [pc1]
Altaic
ikō
intention; inclination; disposition /JapaneseAustric
korotu wishful; whakaaro, koronga intention /Mäori [ng]
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
icchA f. wish, desire; --- & instr. according to one's wish, voluntarily, intentionally /Sanskrit [cap]
Shine, spark, glitter, bake, burn, catch fire, flame, sun etc.
gar
(C) flame /Basquegerj- to blaze up, take fire; be induced (of an electrical current); to kindle, heat etc. /Hungarian
Uralic
haragra gerjed fly into a rage {where harag anger} /Hungarian
Officially, Hungarian gerjed is of unknown origin and is unrelated to harag [Chong]
Sumerian
kára, kár, guru6 to shine, illuminate, to be bright [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 60 #1> [oi4]
Cushitic
Cushitic, East
diratu fire (Tambaro = Qabena); ji?'ira /Burji; gira /Sidamo; giira /Hadiyya; gira /Darasa; gira /Kambata; gira /Saho; gira pl girar /Afar; qoyra wood /Konso
Cushitic, South
waginimo pl magiru firewood /Alagwa; magiirmo pl maagir /Gorowa; magino pl magidu /Burunge; migirmo pl migir /Iraqw
Semitic
gir-um girr-um fire god of fire /Akkadian
Egyptian
d_r fire /Old Egyptian
Omotic
ge?'a fire /Janjero
Austro-Asiatic
kere to prepare charcoal, to carry out the process by which charcoal is made (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Altaic
*giola ( ~ -l/-, *gi_alo) to burn, fire /Altaic [ss]
*gal fire /Mongolian [ss]
qal (HI, SH), qal (IM), g|al (MA) /Middle Mongolian; gal /Khalkha; g|al /Kalmuck; gali, gal/ /Dagur; Gar /Monguor [ss]
*gul- 1 to blaze 2 to set fire 3 (bon)fire 4 hearth /Tungus [ss]
golo-wun 3 /Negidal; Golon tuwa 3; gulgin 'flame' /Manzhu; Gola- 2, Golz^|o~ 4 /Nanai; Gol-z^|o(n) 4 /Ulcha; gu.l- 2 /Even; gul- 1 /Evenki [ss]
*giu:l/o ( ~ -e) to smoke, fume /Altaic [ss]
*golu-mta hearth /Mongolian [ss]
golomt /Khalkha; g|ulm.t /Kalmuck [ss]
*gu":l- to smoke, fume /Tungus [ss]
gulu- (On.) /Nanai; gi:l- /Even [ss]
*k@r- to be smoked /Korean [ss]
k@l- /Modern Korean [ss]
*ku\su\-(m)p- to smoke, fume /Japanese [ss]
kusuba- /Old Japanese; kusubu/r- /Tokyo [ss]
Turkic
hararet heat, fever /Turkish
köre-mek to begin to burn properly /Turkmen [glnp]
Tungus
gerhen bright; gerhen (mukiyembi) dawn; geri sparks /Manchu [as]
Dravidian
kerj- to warm oneself by the fire; kercip- (kercit-) to warm somebody else (Parji); re_s- to warm by the fire (aphaeresis of k-)(Kond.a); grehpa (greht-) to warm, warm by the fire, broil, foment; n. act of warming by the fire, fomentation (Kui); ke_r.njali to warm oneself in the sun; krenj- (-it-) to warm oneself; kreh- (krest-) to warm another (Kuwi)(DEDR 1967).[sk]
karw-, karv-, kar-, kar.- to burn; karv-, karsahta_na_, kar.ih- to burn; kar.ha field fit for burning cultivation (Gondi) [sk]
Indo-European
Slavic
gorjeti to burn, be consumed by fire; be lighted; blaze, flame /Serbo-Croatian
gorući burning, on fire /Serbo-Croatian
kuriti to burn (fuel); heat, warm /Serbo-Croatian
horieť burn /Slovak
Indo-Iranian
kara ray, beam /Sanskrit
gharmá warmth, heat < ghr. glow, be warm /Sanskrit
su
, sute fire; sutegi (C) fireplace /BasqueUralic
*c'itte
shine /Ugor; če-tte- to heat /Ugriansoojõa (trans.) to heat; soojõtaa (intr.) to heat /Vaddja [fv]
süt shine, bake; sütõ oven; sül to bake /Hungarian
Sumerian
šun
shine,brightlySino-Tibetan
see Chinese "burn or scorch earth around the grave; masonry" [ss]
ji 2 /Modern (Beijing) < cjit /Middle Chinese < c/it /Old Chinese [ss]
*cu burn, bake /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
ăchod
(p. bcos, f. bco, i. chos, chod) to bake; to cook in boiling water. /Tibetanc/hu to boil (intr.), bubble. /Burmese
z^|u2 to burn, as wood. /Kachin
thu dry (as fish); be half burnt. /Lushei
*c@/ ( ~ ?c-) burn, roast /Kiranti
'co-ca roast /Sunwar
ca- bake, burn, scorn /Thulung [ss]
Afro-Asiatic
šw sun, sun light; sh.dj illumine, make clear /Egyptian [cgj]
sate fire; site beam of light ? /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic
iss-ik
heat, hot /Turk*ŝia:\t`i\ to set fire, burn /Altaic [ss]
*sita- to catch fire /Mongolian
*ŝa:ta (~ĉ-) burned coals, ashes /Tungus
*sta:i-, *st@/k 1 to solder, tinker; to make fire 2 rice cake /Korean
*sit@-ki rice cakes offered to gods /Japanese [ss]
Caucasian
*c.a>jy> fire /North Caucasian [ss]
*c.e fire /Nakh [ss]
c.e /Chechen; c.i /Ingush; c.e /Batsbi [ss]
*c.a?i fire /Andian [ss]
c.a /Avar; c.a /Andi; ĉ.ari /Akhvakh; c.a: /Chamalal; c.a: /Tindi; c.aj /Karata; c.aj /Botlikh; c.aj /Bagvalal; c.aji /Godoberi [ss]
*c.@ A fire /Tsezian [ss]
c.i /Tsezi; ĉ.e /Ginukh; c.a /Khvarshi; c.o /Inkhokvari; c.o /Bezhita; c.@ /Gunzib [ss]
c.u fire /Lak [ss]
*c.a fire /Gargwa [ss]
c.a /Akusha; c.a /Chiragh [ss]
*c.aj fire /Lezghian [ss]
c.aj /Lezghi; c.a /Tabasaran; c.a /Agul; c.aj /Rutul; c.a /Tsakhur; c.a" /Kryz; c.@ /Budukh; oc. /Archi; arux| /Udi [ss]
ĉ.a" fire Khinalug [ss]
*mAc.w|a fire /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
a/-mca /Abkhaz; mca /Abaza; ma:s.^a /Adyghe; ma:f.a /Circassian; m@z^|/a/ /Ubykh [ss]
Dravidian
cut.ar burning lamp; flame; spark; cut.ar-en.n.ai drops of burning oil dripping from lamp, torch, etc. (Tamil lex.) cut.al drops of burning oil falling from a lamp, charred end of a burning stick /Tamil; cut.ar-nilai lampstand; cut.ar-nilai-t-tan.t.u id.(Tamil lex.); cut.u (cut.uv-, cut.t.-) to be hot, burn (Na_lat.i, 89); warm, heat (Kur-al., 267); burn up; roast, toast, bake, fry, cook in steam (Tiruva_lava_. 30,20); to calcine, as medicine (Tamil lex.); burn as bricks in a kiln, cauterize, brand; n. burning, heating, scalding; cut.ar light, brilliance, lustre; sun; sunshine; moon; planet; fire; cut.alai, cut.u-ka_t.u burning-ground; cu_t.u (cu_t.i-) to brand (as cattle), cauterize; n. that which is heated, burnt, roasted; heat, warmth, feverishness, fomentation, hot temper, anger, brand /Tamil; brand /Tamil; cu_d.u id. /Telugu; tu_d.u id. /Kannad.a; cu_t.u scar, callosity; cut.uka to burn, be hot, feel hot; burn, make hot, toast, roast, bake; cut.uvukka to get one to burn; cut.ar fire, brightness; cut.ala the burning place in the southern corner of the compound, burning or burying place; cu_t.u heat, burning /Malayalam [sk]
cu.t.-) heat, a burn, spark thrown off by hammered iron; pair-word with pa.r. hardship (pa.r. cu.r.)(Kota); tur.- (tut.-) to burn /Toda; sud.u (sut.t.-) to burn, roast, bake, fire (a gun); be consumed with fire, burn, feel hot, be roasted; n. burning, etc.; sud.uka who has burned; sud.uvike, sud.uha burning; sud.u-ga_d.u cemetery; su_d.u burning, cauterization; su_t.e a torch of wisps, etc.; sod.a burning; sun.t.age, sun.t.ige roast meat, act of burning or roasting /Kannad.a; cud.- (cud.uv-, cut.t.-) to burn; cud.i gal.a cremation place (Kod.agu); sud.upini, sud.pini, tud.upini to burn, be hot, sultry; burn, bake, toast, roast; sud.al burning a dead body; sud.u, su_d.u act of burning; sud.uga_d.u cemetery; sud.sud.u a burning sensation in the throat /Tulu; cu_d.u heat, warmth, zeal, hot, warm; sod.aru smell of burning /Tulu; cu~_d.u to burn, brand with a hot iron or the like; n. burning, branding, a brand; sud.iyu to burn /Telugu; sud.- (sut.t.-) to cook; cur.- to bake (bread)/Kolami; surra_na_, hurr-, or.- to cook bread /Gondi; sut.- to roast /Naikr.i; sur.-/sud.d.- (sut.t.-) to fry /Naikr.i; cut.aravan- sun, as emitting light; cut.aro_n- id. (Tamil lex.) [sk]
cat.t.- to roast, set fire; cad.ip- (cad.it-) to boil (Parji); sat.- to roast; burn (Gadba)(DEDR 2312).[sk]
Indo-European
Paleo-Balkan
svit- ‘to shine, to twinkle’ /Thracian [cb2]
{cf Lith. švite.ti ‘to shine, to twinkle’, Old-Bulgar svüteti sia) ‘to shine’} [cb2]
titha ‘light, radiance’ /Thracian [cb2]
{cf Greek titó' ‘morning glow; morning, day’, Alb. ditë ‘day’} [cb2]
Anatolian
šittar a star /Hittite [cb]
Slavic
sjati to shine; blaze, dazzle, glare; glow; twinkle /Serbo-Croatian
svit shine /Slovak
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
soč∂g
V-I-/sotk/ to burn (transitive) /Baluchi [mab]Indo-Aryan
dyut gleam, lighten, shine /Sanskrit
dyuti sheen; lustre; dignity < dyut /Sanskrit
jyut light < dyut /Sanskrit
jyótis light (of sun, dawn etc.); as plural - the heavenly bodies, stars < jyut /Sanskrit
jyotis-kŗ't light-making < jyótis /Sanskrit
jyótişmant full of light; light < jyótis /Sanskrit
jyótsnā moonlight < jyótis /Sanskrit
str'. (pl. only) stars /Sanskrit
Mayan Languages
Meaning "to burn"
c'at /Cakc; c'ajt /Tzut; c'aat /Quic; c'atic /Achi; c'aat /Saca; c'aat /Sipa; c'a>at /Uspa; c'atom /Pmam; c'aht /Pchi [jd]
Quechua
suti clear (day, sky); sutiyay dawn [q2]
sugar
flame; sukar (C) fever /Basquesugár
ray,beam; sugár-zás radiation /HungarianUralic
sax sunny (Man's'i) [Chong]
Officially, Hungarian sugár is derived from súg- "breathe", "whisper"; "prompt" which is ultimately derived from suhan- "fleet", "flit", "glide", "slide". which is considered onomatopoeic. [from Chong]
Sumerian
suku5 'to shine brightly' [jh]
Altaic/Tungus
šahun lightning, rainbow, light /Manchu [as]
Afro-Asiatic/Semitic
zyq#2 N zyq) /Aramaic [cal]
1 JLATg flash of fire
2 JLAGal,Syr comet, meteor
3 JLAGal demon
4 Syr,JBA storm
5 JBA wind
LS2 195 J 396 LS2 v.: ziyqA)
Austro-Asiatic
sukar evening star (Santali.lex.) [sk]
cika~r., cikon oily, greasy, polished, glazed, shiny, slimy, silky, smooth, clean, perfect; bhit jolom cika~r. akatae he has plastered the wall smooth; cikcik shining, polished, glossy (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Basque
sugar flame; sukar (C) fever
sukalde `kitchen'
[lt] says this derives from su 'fire' + alde 'side' and that the k is puzzling, but it might represent the relational suffix -ko. Until not so long ago, a Basque kitchen was indeed built around a large fireplace, and cooking was largely done in kettles suspended over the fire.
Dravidian
sagal.i, segal.i, sekal.e, segal.ike, segal.u heat; hot vapour, steam; segal.i-kadira the hot-rayed, the sun (Kannad.a.lex.) [sk]
Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1]
si_ga^loeis, essa, en,
I. glossy, glittering 1. of apparel 2. of horses' reins, glittering with colour or metal work
II. fatty, oily
Celtic
sugan, corra-shugain the reflection of rays of light from any moving luminous body from the roof or wall of a house /Gaelic [mcb] {No etymology given}
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
sugoshak lightning, thunderbolt /Persian [fjs]
Ulwa
suknaka vt. (sukpi) light; ignite; kindle; illuminate [ud]
szikra spark; szikráz scintillate, glittler, sparkle /Hungarian
Afro-Asiatic/Semitic
zyq#2 N zyq) /Aramaic [cal]
1 JLATg flash of fire
2 JLAGal,Syr comet, meteor
3 JLAGal demon
4 Syr,JBA storm
5 JBA wind
LS2 195 J 396 LS2 v.: ziyqA)
Altaic
*ĉ`e/k`a ( ~ -i_a-) to strike fire /Altaic [ss]
*ĉ(i)ak- to strike fire /Turkic [ss]
ĉakyn- /Old Turkic; ĉak- /Tatar; ĉak-mak 'flint' /Turkmen; sax- /Yakut [ss]
*ĉaki to strike fire /Mongolian [ss]
ĉaqi- /Middle Mongolian; caxi-, caxila- /Khalkha; cak-, cakl.-, ca"kl.- /Kalmuck; ĉakil- (ĉakilga:n 'lightning') /Dagur [ss]
*ĉi(k)u- ( ~ -e-) fire steel /Tungus [ss]
ĉiu~ /Nanai; ĉiu(n) /Ulcha; ĉu /Orok [ss]
*ĉha>\- flint /Korean [ss]
ĉhadol /Modern Korean; ĉha>\-to\r /Middle Korean [ss]
*ta/k- to burn, put on fire /Japanese [ss]
ta/k- /Old Japanese; ta\k- /Tokyo [ss]
takibi a blazing fire; takigi firewood, fuel; taki-otoshi embers, charred firewood; takitsuke a fire-lighter, kindling-wood; taki-tsukeru to light, kindle; build (make) a fire; taku to burn, kindle; make (build, light) a fire /Japanese
Caucasian
*c._wy>jVkwo> brand, spark, brilliance /North Caucasian [ss]
*stik.e-l (~st.-) sky /Nakh [ss]
stigal /Chechen; sigale /Ingush [ss]
*c.:w|aka ( ~ o) 1 brilliance 2 spark 3 star /Andian [ss]
c.:w|a/ki 1 /Avar; c.:w|aka 1 /Akhvakh; c.aka 3 (Gig.) /Chamalal; c.akw|a 2 /Tindi [ss]
*c.@k.@- fire-brand /Tsezian [ss]
c.@k.@-t.ma /Gunzib [ss]
*c:ak sky /Dargwa [ss]
zak /Akusha [ss]
*c.uk.(a) 1 fire-brand 2 spark /Lezghian [ss]
c.uk. 1 /Lezghi; c.uk. 2 /Kryz [ss]
*c.V(j@)k.w|a 1 spark 2 fire-brand Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
a/-k.w|ic 1 /Abkhaz; c^.w|ec 1 /Abaza; px|a-c.a:c^./a 2 /Adyghe; px|a-z|a:c^.a 2 /Circassian [ss]
Indo-European
Slavic
caklen glassy, enamelled; caklenje glitter, glint, shimmer, sparkle /Serbo-Croatian
iskra spark, sparkle; scintilla /Serbo-Croatian
skresati to strike fire (sparks, light) out of flint /Serbo-Croatian
iskra spark /Slovak
izcyklen glassy /Bulgar; zerkal'nyj /Russian
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
čykk
fire-steel (steel used to strike against a piece of flint to produce fire) /Baluchi [mab]Indo-Aryan
zukra bright, resplendent; clear, pure; light-coloured, white /Sanskrit
gau
(C) night /BasqueUralic
éj
night /Hungarian{Hungarian /j/ sounds like English /y/ in /yes/}
Two suggested possibilities for the source of Hungarian éj
a) *eje (Proto FU) [Chong]
õõ (Estonian); yö (Finnish); @j, j@j (Khanty); oj, voj (Komi); iggjâ (Lappish); ii, jii (Man's'i); ve, vej (Mordvin); uj (Udmurt) [Chong]
b) (? it@n (Eastern Khanty); jetn (Southern Khanty); iit', jeet' (Man's'i); jüt (Mari) // nood'i evening (Kamas ); niude evening (Koibal); üüte evening (Šölqup)) [Chong]
Sumerian
gíg, ğíg, gi
6, ge 6, ği 6, ğe 6, mi, mé, ku 10; gi 25 (n.) night [jh]Altaic/Turkic
gije night; gije-gündiz day and night; gijeki (adj.) night /Turkmen [glnp]
gijara before sunset /Turkmen [glnp]
(? ay moon (Azeri); ai moon (Tatar); ay month; moon; uydu moon (Turkish)) [Chong]
gaztaina
(C) chestnut /Basque < Romance?Uralic
gesztenye chestnut /Hungarian
Also seen as a loan.
Sumerian
ğes-tin
"tree of life", grape ??Indo-European
Celtic
kistin chestnuts /Breton [gp]
Greek [ep: 94]
kastanea variation of kastanon a chestnut probably a loan from Asia Minor; compare Armenian kaskeni chestnut tree, from kask a chestnut.
Germanic [ep: 94]
English chestnut earlier chesten nut
< Middle English chesten earlier chesteine, earliest chasteine
< Old French-Medieval French chastaigne [ep: 94]
Italic/"Romance" [ep: 94]
Old French-Medieval French chastaigne
Early Modern French-Modern French châtaigne
< Latin castanea
geroko
(C) descendant /BasqueUralic
*munke
seed, semen /Uralicgyer-ek, gyer-mek
child, offspring {/gy/ almost like English /j/}/HungarianSumerian
gur
bear,carry; tur child, small, young; girim fruit,berryAltaic
tor
-lak young, inexperienced /TurkAustric
uri offspring /Moriori [mor]
Meaning: Child
kari, kali, etc.- /Common Melanesian; karikik- /Sesake; gari- /Bugota [pkm]
terera- /Ambrym; dale- /Florida [pkm]
Meaning: Boy, lad; Girl
kora- boy, lad /Santali; kola- boy /Sora; kora hapa- boy (Kherwari, Santali); kora hau- boy /Mundari; kuri-hapan- girl (Kherwari, Santali, Savara); kuri-hau- girl /Mundari [pkm]
Meaning: Man
kol- /Munda; kur- /Malay [pkm]
tor- /Burumba; tolomo- /Ninowa [pkm]
Meaning: Person
tali- (Shark Bay, Lorediakarkar); taru- /Bonkovia [pkm]
Dravidian
kuruk
child; mak child /DravidianIndo-European
Celtic
mac a son /Gaelic, Irish mac, Old Irish macc, Welsh mab, Old Welsh map, Cornish mab, Breton map, mab, Ogam gen. maqvi: *makko-s, *makvo-s, son, root mak, rear, nutrire, Welsh magu, rear, nurse, Breton maguet: Indo-European mak, ability, production; Greek @Gmakrós, long, @Gmákar, blessed; Zend maçanh, greatness; Lettic mázu, can, be able. Kluge compares Gothic magaths, maid, Anglo-Saxon magþ, English maid, further Gothic magus, boy, Norse mögr, which, however, is allied to Old Irish mug (pl. mogi), slave. The Teutonic words also originally come from a root denoting "might, increase", Greek @Gmc@nhos, means, Sanskrit mahas, great. Hence macanta, mild: "filial". [from mcb]
macamh a youth, generous man /Gaelic, Irish macamh, macaomh, a youth, Early Irish maccoem: from mac and caomh. [from mcb]
Germanic
mago (magu)
son, man; mæ¯gð kin, tribe, province, nation /Old English [sc1]cf. Altaic/Tungus/Manchu mukûn "clan, extended family, sub-clan, lineage" [as]
Quechua
churi child (referring to the father) [q2]
Ulwa
mak
seed [ud]gerriko
(C) belt /BasqueUralic
*kere
circle, encircle /Uralicderék-szíj
waist-belt; tar-t support, hold /HungarianSumerian
dára
belt, sash, bind; dur umbilical cord [jh]Altaic
geri
back /TurkishDravidian
cura
circle
Evil base, mean, lying; foul, stinking, dirt, muck, unclean, impure
gezur
(C), guzur (B) lie, falsehood /Basquegaz-
evil, base; gaz-ember villain, scoundrel /HungarianUralic
Officially, Hungarian gaz- is believed to be 'possibly' of Slavic origin. [Chong]
Hungarian hazud is of unknown origin. [Chong]
Sumerian
huš
terrible,wild,angry; guz, huz to gnash the teeth, to bare the teeth [jh]Niger-Congo (?)
gat (n.) a lie, anus, ass /Wollof [pc2]
kaaci (n.) a lie /Wollof [pc2]
Ainu
kosunke
to tell lies [sm]Altaic
*k`iuse bad behaviour /Altaic [ss]
*ku"s- to be angry, offended /Turkic [ss]
ku"s- /Old Turkic; ku"s- /Turkish; ku"s- /Azeri
*kosin| mockery, joke /Mongolian [ss]
*ku/sa\i bad habit /Japanese [ss]
kuse /Old Japanese; kuse/ /Tokyo [ss]
*ki_oc^i nasty /Altaic [ss]
*KAc^a- to be nasty, rough (of a person) /Turkic [ss]
*kec^eg|u" difficult, unpleasant /Mongolian [ss]
kec^egu", kec^egu"u" Written Mongolian; ke|c^u 'stupid' (IM), kec^e'u(n), kec^a'u 'hard; stupid' (SH) Middle Mongolian; xecu": Khalkha; kecu": Kalmuck; kec^u: Dagur [ss]
*kus- hate, uneasiness /Tungus [ss]
kus^u-n Manzhu [ss]
*ku\c^h(y)- nasty /Korean [ss]
ku\c^h(y)-, ku\c^- Middle Korean [ss]
kut- (kuc^-) Modern Korean [ss]
Japanese
gesu
low, mean, base, vulgar fellowDravidian
pusi to become or prove untrue, lie; bear no fruit, not to attain ripeness; falsehood, lie, hypocricy, idle prattle, bearing no fruit; pusiga liar (Kannad.a); hus'i a lie, falsehood (Tulu); busa_na_ to lie (Gondi); pu_sa_ lie; pu_sa_-ka_t.anji liar (Kui); pussowi, pu_so_vi cheating, pretending (Kuwi); pasyare liar; pasyetre to tell lies; paslaha liar; false; pasadeye to accuse falsely (Malto) [sk]
[The phonetic correspondence of initial p > h can occur between other Dravidian languages, and sometimes within the same language other than Kannada and Tulu] [kk]
*kac- angry, hostile /Dravidian [ss]
*kac- to quarrel; angry /South Dravidian [ss]
kasaru to bargain bitterly /Tamil; kayakka to quarrel, abuse /Malayalam; kasaru ill-humour /Kannad.a; kacca:d.uni to quarrel /Tulu [ss]
*kajj-/*kas- quarrel, dispute, fight, battle /Telugu [ss]
*kajar fear, anger /Kolami-Gadba [ss]
kayri "an enemy, talebearer" /Parji; kayar "anger, sorrow" /Kondekor Gadba [ss]
*ka:c- hostile /Gondwan [ss]
*kac- to be vexed, get annoyed /North Dravidian [ss]
kackacrna: /Kurukh [ss]
Indo-European
Celtic
cas gnash the teeth /Gaelic; cais hate /Irish; câs hate /Welsh [mcb] {these are thought to derive from the same origin as cas "steep, sudden" [see mcb]!?}
Slavic
guzica (fig.) mean (despicable) fellow [from guz buttocks, bottom, backside] /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
a:-si- `to lie'; a:sito: 'lying' /Avestan [al]
kazib a liar; false; failing to conceive (camel) /Persian [fjs]
From Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
hass a lie; hassas a liar /Persian [fjs]
From Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
gaz-
weed /HungarianUralic
Hungarian geszt is of unknown origin [Chong]
While gúzs and guzsaly are thought to be of Slavic origin [Chong]
Sumerian
geš, giš, ngeš, ngiš tree; wood; etc. [jh]
Afro-Asiatic/Semitic
gwz#2 N gwz) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr,JBA,Mand staff 2 JBA tree trunk, stem
LS2 108 J 219 AAC 119
LS2 v: gawAzA)
gwz( N gwz() /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr rod, trunk 2 Syr forma originaria ? (grammatical)
LS2 112
LS2 v: guwz(A)
Altaic
*gàči (~ *gèča) branch, bough /Altaic [ss]
aĝaç branch, tree, wood /Turkish [listed under ács carpenter in Chong]
Caucasian
*Goz|V green colour; dirt /North Caucasian [ss]
Dravidian
kasa, kasavu rubbish, sweepings, weed (Kannad.a) (DEDR 1088) [sk]
Indo-European
Celtic
gas twig, a stalk /Gaelic, gas /Irish [mcb]
geug a branch /Gaelic, geug, géag /Irish, géc / Early Irish [mcb]
Slavic
gužva
1) throng, crush, press, crowd, jostle; jam; 2) tough switch (shoot, withy, withe) for binding /Serbo-Croatianhúžva
withe /Slovakhúgy urine /Hungarian {/gy/ like palatised /d'/}
Uralic
*kVc'e, *kVn'c'e urine (Proto Uralic) // *kunc'e urine (Proto FU) [Chong]
kuse- (Finnish); kos- (Khanty); hos- (Southern Khanty); kudz' urine (Komi); gudzˆ'dzˆâ- (Lappish); kun's'- (Man's'i); kõzˆa- (Mari); kyz' urine (Udmurt) [Chong]
kinzi- (Kamas); kunc- (Motor); küz urine (Šölqup) [Chong]
Sumerian
kàš urine [jh]
Altaic
Turkic
? qašan urine (Old Turkic); ka$an urine (Turkish) [Chong]
Tungus
udzˆihi bladder (Ewen); udzˆik bladder (Ewenki); xudzˆun anus (Nanay) [Chong]
*kVdzˆV urine (Proto-Tungusic) [Chong]
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*thąs urine (моча) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN155]
*hąttą-t
urine (моча ) < **thąthąt /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN329]?ą'ttąt
, ?ąt- (I) /Chukchee; hąttą " (I) /Koryak [ss]*thił
, *this " /Proto Itelmen [ss;PN155]thes-thes urine (моча ) /Sedank dialect; txil'-tciľ "urina" /West Ielmen [ss]
kosz muck, dirt /Hungarian
Uralic
Hungarian kosz is of uncertain origin [Chong]
Sumerian
kàš urine [jh]
Niger-Congo (?)
kosoo uncleanliness /Mandinka [pc1]
kus buttocks /Wollof [pc2]
Afro-Asiatic
h.s excrement /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic
*kuŝi to rot /Altaic [ss]
*kuŝu 1 touchwood 2 dandruff, soot /Tungus [ss]
kutin 1 [ = kuĉin] /Negidal; x|osori, x|usuri 2 /Manzhu; kuĉ 1 /Even; kuĉu 1 /Evenki [ss]
*ku\sy\- odorous /Korean [ss]
kusu-hada /Modern Korean; ku\sy\- /Middle Korean [ss]
*ku\sa\- foul, stinking /Japanese [ss]
ku\sa\- /Old Japanese; kusa/- /Tokyo [ss]
Turkic
gäz dirt; gäzlemek to get dirty /Turkmen [glnp]
Japanese
kasu dregs /Old Japanese [ss]
kaso dregs; refuse; dross; kuso excrement
kuzu waste; rubbish; scum
Caucasian
*Goz|V green colour; dirt /North Caucasian [ss]
*G|izi dirt /Andian [ss]
G|uzi /Andi; G|izi /Akhvakh; G|iz /Chamalal; G|izi /Tindi [ss]
*x|ys ( ~ G|:-,-z:) dirt /Tsezian [ss]
G|iz /Bezhita; G|yz /Gunzib [ss]
*q:ac:y- green /Lezghian [ss]
q:ac:u /Lezghi; G|aze-f /Agul [ss]
*ĉE>xwA urine; excrements, rubbish /North Caucasian [ss]
*ĉVx|-ar rubble, quarry-stone /Nakh [ss]
ĉx|ar /Chechen; ĉx|ar /Ingush [ss]
*ĉul| (~ ĉol|w|) 1 urine 2 dung (of a horse, donkey) /Lezghian [ss]
ĉux 1 /Lezghi; ĉux 1 /Tabasaran; ĉuxw|-an 2 /Rutul [ss]
ĉxir a pile of dry dung /Khinalug [ss]
*ĉ/@xw|@ 1 urinate 2 rain 3 hail /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
a-ĉ/x|w|-ra/ 1 /Abkhaz; q:e-ŝ/x@-n 2 /Adyghe; q:e-ŝx@-n 2 /Circassian; tw|a/-ŝ/x 3 /Ubykh [ss]
*k.[u]rĉ.V (~ -c./-) dung, excrements /North Caucasian [ss]
*k.uĉ.V dung (of small animals) /Andian [ss]
k.uĉ. /Avar [ss]
*k.[u]rĉ.(a) dung: 1 of small animals 2 of birds 3 of sheep /Lezghian [ss]
k.a"ĉ., k.a"ĉ.e 1 Kryz; k.iĉ.a?_ 2 Budukh; k.urĉ. 3 Archi [ss]
k.yĉ faeces; bird's excrements /Khinalug [ss]
Dravidian
*k^ac- dirt, impurity /Dravidian [ss]
*kac- uncleanness; dirt /South Dravidian [ss]
kacat.u uncleanness, dirtiness, dregs, blemish, fault, imperfection /Tamil; kacci straw, stubble, rubbish /Malayalam; kasa, kasavu rubbish, sweepings, weed, useless plant, afterbirth, placenta /Kannada; kajavu, kaja:vu rubbish, sweepings, afterbirth /Tulu [ss]
*kas- /Nilgiri protoform [ss]
*kas- impurity, dirt, foulness, sin /Telugu [ss]
*kas-a: dirt on the body /North Dravidian [ss]
kassa: "layer of dirt on the body" /Kurukh [ss]
kase /Malto [ss]
kasa, kasavu rubbish, sweepings, weed (Kannad.a) (DEDR 1088) [sk]
Indo-European
Celtic
cosmal rubbish, refuse of meat, etc. /Gaelic [mcb]
gusgul refuse, dirt, idle words, roaring /Gaelic [mcb]
Armenian
kos dirt; eczema, leprosy; moss, seaweed /Old Armenian - Dorosmai [Chong]
Baltic
gâzê rubbish, trash, gâzês excrement /Prussian [lp]
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
khaz 'dirt of the body, garments, and the like; etc.' /Persian [fjs]
khashak chips, leaves, sprigs, shoots, suckers, young grass, small bits of wood, shavings, parings, or refuse of any kind; also dust, motes, straws, or anything similar which gets into the eye or liquors; rubbish, siftings /Persian [fjs]
k∂ččyl
evil-smelling mud, filth /Baluchi [mab]Indo-Aryan
gosnala a place where dirt is thrown /Khowar
Mayan
Chorti [cw] (?)
kusum 'mold, fungus, plant rust'
kusum taka 'moldy, having mold'
kusumer 'mold, covered with fungus'
kusumran 'become moldy' (cl.3)
kusumres 'cause to mold, allow to mold' (cl.2a)
Quechua
qicha; qichalira // qecha // q'echa; q'echalera // q'icha diarrhoea [q2]
qichay // qechay // q'ichay to evacuate diarrhoea [q2]
qichaykuy // q'echaykuy to soil [q2]
qusqu fatty (dirty) [q2]
Ulwa
kisa residue; sediment; grounds; dregs [ud]
gihar
(L) muscle; giharre (U) lean part of meat; gihar-tu (U) to become lean /Basquegirhes
lean, thin (with metathesis?) /HungarianAltaic
*go:r/a to starve, be empty /Altaic [ss]
*Ko:r/- become hungry /Turkic [ss]
qozy- Old Turkic [ss]
*guri- hungry, starving /Mongolian [ss]
guriad- /Khalkha; g|ur/a":, g|or/u:, g|or/u": /Kalmuck [ss]
*ko\rh- to be hungry; to be empty /Korean [ss]
kophy-, kol(h)- /Modern Korean; ko\r-pha>/-, ko\rh- /Middle Korean [ss]
*ka/ra\ empty /Japanese [ss]
kara /Old Japanese; kara/ /Tokyo [ss]
Indo-European
kahira_ thin /Punja_bi_ [sk]
karcsú
slim, slender, lean /HungarianAfro-Asiatic
krs! (i) pinch /Akkadian [oi4]
qrs' pinch /Hebrew [oi4]
qrs!a_ne_ frost /Syriac [oi4]
qrs! (a, @) incise /Geez [oi4]
qrs! (a, u) pinch /Arabic [oi4]
Indo-European
kŗc
to grow lean; kŗc,a' lean, haggard /Sanskritkarcsú derék "slender waist" /Hungarian
Indo-European
kr.s'o_dara slender-waisted /Sanskrit [sk]
giltza
(U) key; joint (anat.) /BasqueUralic
kulcs
key /HungarianOfficially, Hungarian kulcs is also thought to be from Slavic never mind a possible Iranian origin.
kilincs door handle, latch /Hungarian
kallantyú bolt, latch (of a door); fastener (of a window) /Hungarian [Chong]
Official source says kallantyú is derived from ka(l)lant- "bend"; "turn away" to which it postulates a possible onomatopoeic or descriptive origin. [Chong]
Sumerian
sag-kul
key; kid2,7 to open [d'>l ]Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
klle a bolt /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Semitic
)qlyd N )qlyd) /Aramaic [cal]
1 JBA key
J 112
qlyd N qlyd) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr key 2 Syr pin 3 Syr %dkatpA)% throat
LS2 667
LS2 v: qliydA)
qlysys#2 N /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr key
LS2 669
Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #534> [oi4]
Cushitic
Bedawiye, Beja
gulhe(R) forearm (Bedawiye, Beja)
Agaw
g@llaw knuckle, ankle /Bilin
Cushitic, South
guhuluko ankle /Kwa'dza
Cognate Set <Fleming (1988) , #118> [oi4]
Omotic, South
kIlc#'-a ankle, shinbone /Ari
k'Ilc#'-u ankle, shinbone /Dime
Altaic/Turkic
kilitlemek a lock /Turkish
kilt bolt; catch; kiltlemek to bolt; to hook the catch /Turkmen [glnp]
? gulp lock; gulplamak to lock /Turkmen [glnp]
Caucasian
*k.ul/y: / *l/y:k.u lock, bolt; key /North Caucasian [ss]
*k.ulV 1 key 2 lock /Andian [ss]
k.ul 1 /Avar; k.ula-lax|a 2 /Karata [ss]
k.ula key /Lak [ss]
*k.ul ( ~ -o-) lock /Lezghian [ss]
l|:erum-k.ul /Archi [ss]
*l@k.w|@ bolt, bar /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
a-l@/k.w| Abkhaz [ss]
*gil/@wgV key (or some other device) /North Caucasian [ss]
*giliwkV balance /Andian [ss]
gilewka /Godoberi [ss]
*gilagw| key /Dargwa [ss]
gilaw /Chiragh [ss]
*gilagw| 1 lock 2 key /Lezghian [ss]
k:u"leg 1,2 /Lezghi; z^u"leg 2 /Tabasaran; gilegw| 2 /Agul; gu"la"g 2 /Rutul; ?kukl/ak 1 /Tsakhur [ss]
*hila:gV key; iron /North Caucasian [ss]
*rig&1`a B 1 key 2 curved opener, key /Tsezian [ss]
reka 1 /Tsezi; leka 1 /Khvarshi; lyka 2 /Inkhokvari; jiga 1 /Bezhita; riga 1 /Gunzib [ss]
*hilak: iron /Lezghian [ss]
hileg / jileg /Rutul; jywa /Tsakhur; ila"ng /Kryz; jileg /Budukh [ss]
*k.a":[l]k.V joint, knee, shin /North Caucasian [ss]
*ko:k. foot, leg /Nakh [ss]
kog /Chechen; kog /Ingush; kok. /Batsbi [ss]
*k.ak.a 1 joint, bone between two joints 2 leg, shin /Tsezian [ss]
k.ak.a 1 /Tsezi; k.aIk.aI 2 /Inkhokvari [ss]
*k.ink.(a) shin /Dargwa [ss]
k.ink. /Akusha; c^.ak.a /Chiragh [ss]
*k.a"lk.- (~-e-,-r-) 1 calf (of leg) 2 knee 3 top of boot /Lezghian [ss]
k.erk.em 1 (Akht.) /Lezghi; k.ek. 3 /Agul; k:aIk:aIp 2 /Udi [ss]
k.uk.a joint, articulation /Khinalug [ss]
Dravidian
kalakku joint; kalavu joint of the body (Tamil); kalv- pair-word with elv bone (i.e. joint)(Kota) (DEDR 1299). [sk]
kul.ike, kun.ike loop, noose, clasp, link, knot (Kannad.a); klo_lu hasp; kor.lu door-fastening (Kuwi); kur..aiccu, kur..aicci, kul.accu, kul.acu loop, noose, knot, joint of the body (Tamil)(DEDR 1824).[sk]
cilaka, ciluka
a hasp or small chain for fastening a door; cilka a door staple; silku iron bolt (Kannad.a); ciluku, cilku the catch or bolt of a window (Tulu); cilaka, ciluka, ciluku a padlock, the bolt or hasp of a door; cilakat.a, cilukad.a a saddle buckle, a ring at the end of a rope used as a girth through which the other end is passed to fasten the saddle (Telugu); silka a leaf-cup pin (Gondi)(DEDR 2561). [sk]ki_l joint in animal body, hinge; ki_lam nail, pin, spike; ki_lakam pin, bolt, wedge, joing (Tamil); ki_l joint; ki_lam wedge, bolt, nail (Malayalam); ki.l hinge of jaw, hinge of door (Kota); ki.s- handle (of pot, spoon, axe, knife, etc.); ku.l hinge of box (Toda); ki_l, ki_lu pin, peg, joint, device, contrivance; ki_la stake, peg, bolt, wedge (Kannad.a); ki.li a fastening, screw-fastening of necklace (Kod.agu); ki_lu, ki_l.u joint, hinge, peg, wooden fastening (Tulu); ki_lu joint, hinge, device, contrivance; ki_lincu to fasten, attach, lock, join; ki_lamu wedge, pin; ci_la an iron nail, a wooden pin (Telugu)(DEDR App.26).[sk]
Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1]
kleithr-ia (sc. opê, hê, keyhole or chink in a door; kleidouch-os, Att. klêd-, on, (echô) holding the keys: hence, having charge or custody of a place; kleido-phulax [u^], a^kos, ho, hê, one who keeps the keys; kleidophor-eô, bear keys; kleid-a^gôgia, hê, procession of key-bearers
Albanian
kyç (n.) joint; lock
çelës key
Slavic
koljeno knee; joint, bent knee-joint; knot; knuckle; angle /Serbo-Croatian
kolqno knee /Bulgar
ključ
key; kljuka door-handle /Serbo-CroatianIndo-Iranian
Iranian
ghalq (v.n.) shutting, closing, bolting, or locking (a door); travelling far into a country; large, lean, and red (man or camel); a bar, bolt, lock, or any fastening of a door /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] says ghalq is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
kalicha a wooden bolt or key; kalid, kilid a key; an index; a ploughshare; kalidan a lock, stocks, or anything similar by which a number of people are confined by the feet; -- kilidan a lock, bolt, bar. /Persian [fjs]
Baluchi kilīt "key" from New Persian kilīd [ak1]
kwlp (n.) lock /Baluchi [mab]
kylit key /Baluchi [mab]
Indo-Aryan
ki_laka, ki_lika_ stake, peg, tumour /Sanskrit
[variation of k- with kh- and poss. -l- with -d- supports non-Aryan origin] [sk]
-giro
noun suffix meaning "season of, time of" /BasqueUralic
kõrta (n.) occasion; turn /Vaddja [fv]
kor
age; the time(s) of, epoch, season; kora, korai, kor-án early /HungarianOfficially, Hungarian kor- is thought to be from Old Turkic *qur [Chong]
Sumerian
gar4
early [jh]Mede
karra
age, time [hh96]Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Cohen (1947), #218> [oi4]
Cushitic, East
gor kol time; jeer time /Somali; guul time /Saho
Omotic, North
goor time /Kafa
Semitic
gi(y)l period /Hebrew; ji_l tribe age /Arabic; jwl roam, wander /Arabic
Egyptian
khar
age, time /Egypt [hh96]Altaic
*ko/le\ ( ~ k`-) time /Altaic [ss: 871]
*Kolu 1 period of time 2 originally /Turkic [ss: 1261]
Old Turkic: qolu 1 (OUigh.); Kirghiz: qolu 2
*ku"li- to wait /Mongolian [ss: 1230]
Written Mongolian: ku"lig|e-, ku"li-ĉe- ; Middle Mongolian: guliz^|e ; Khalkha: xu"le:-, xu"lce- ; Buriat: xu"l/e:- ; Kalmuck: ku"l@- ; Ordos: ku"le:- ; Dagur: kulĉe:- ( kul/ĉe:-), kuleĉe:-
*k@/r@\ time, period of time /Japanese [ss: 1107]
Old Japanese: koro ; Tokyo: koro/, ko/ro ; Kyoto: ko/ro\ ; Kagoshima: ko/ro
Turkic
qur occasion; time (Kyrgyz); qur line, order, row, sequence, succession (Uigur); qor occasion, order, succession; time (Saryg Uigur) [Chong]
Japanese
korai
from the olden times; from ancient times; from time immemorialIt was kindly pointed out to me by the editor of "The Jurchen language and Script Website" [jl] that (contains Japanese coding)
korai
(‚±‚ç‚¢ ,ŒÃ—ˆ), is a Chinese loan. [jl]koro
time, periodDravidian
*cari time, turn /Drav. Starostin [hh96]
kar..i (-v-, -nt-) to pass (as time, season), slip away (as prosperity, adversity), elapse, become spent, be ruined, expire, die, finish, come to an end, be discharged (as excreta); (-pp-, -tt-) to reject, discard, separate, abandon, deduct, cut off (hair, nails), prune, spend or waste (as time), void (excreta); kar..ippu (kar..ippi-) to spend, pass (as time), complete; n. expulsion, rejection, that which is cast aside; kar..iyal departing, that which is cast away; kar..ivu passing (as time), leaving (as a place), discharging (as from the bowels), waste, refuse, deduction, death, destruction; kar..al (kar..alv-, kar..an-r--) to pass away, disappear, be expended (Tamil); kar..iyuka to pass, be spent, be over, live; kar..ikka to make to pass, pass time, live, die, kill; kar..iccal diarrhoea; kar..ippu what is rejected (Malayalam); kariyuni to elapse, expire, pass (as time); karipuni to deduct, subtract, spend, remove; karip, karipelu deduction; kal.eyuni, kal.evuni to lapse, pass (as time), be spent (as money (Tu.); kar..i to go or be removed very far, pass away, end, die; make to pass, purge; n. going far, a great distance; kar..ipu to cause to go away, remove; pass or move over, cross; kar..ivu ending, etc.; kar..alisu, kar..alcu to put aside, lose; kal.e, kal.i to send forth, abandon, reject, spend (as time and money), leave behind (Kannad.a) (DEDR 1356).[sk]
ki_r adj. past, ancient; ki_rugu me_lugu buddhi a lesson for the past and the future (Tulu lex.) kir..a old (Tamil); ker..ava, ker..iva an old man (Kannad.a,Tamil,Malayalam); kir..i to descend; to be subtracted,low, degraded (Malayalam)(Kannad.a lex.) kir..avu old age (Ci_vaka. 379); kir..avan- aged man (Te_va_. 648,4); kir..avan (Malayalam); kir..am-pat.utal to grow old; to become worn out or useless by age (Piramo_t. 7,30); kir..at.u old age, senility (Upate_caka_. Civapun.n.iya. 217)(Tamil lex.) [sk]
(1) Indo-European
Germanic
cirr (cierr, cyrr)
turn, time, occasion /Old English [sc1](2) Indo-European
Germanic [db: 865]
*ke:ra /Proto Frisian
kera turn, convert /Old Frisian
No IE etymology. Origin from Germanic according to [db]
*kaizjan /Proto-Germanic
OS ke:rian, OHG ke:ren, ke:ran, cherran, MHG,MLG ke:ren, ODu. ke:ran,-on, MDu. ke(e)ren, kieren `turn', cf. also ON keisa `fold, bend', etc.
Muskogean/Eastern
koła
beyond, past (in time or space), over there /Alabama [tm]gitxi
(B), guti(L,LN,Z,U), gutti, gutxi (G) few /Basquekis little,small; kicsi petty, trifling, short, small /Hungarian
Uralic
Hungarian kis is officially of Turkic origin. [Chong]
Hungarian kicsi is officially derived from kicsiny id. to which is attributed a Turkic origin [Chong]
{Hungarian /cs/ = Basque /tx/ = English /ch/}
{Hungarian /s/ = English /sh/}
gyatra
poor,wretched; gyötör to cause pain,suffer /HungarianSumerian
gud8 short [jh]
Related to but opposite in meaning to gíd [BU] n., length; v., to lengthen; to draw, pull, tow; to measure out; to manage; to reach out (to take) (to be long and throat-like with motion away from); adj., long; distant [jh]
{also see Hungarian hosszú 'long'}
Niger-Congo (?)
gaata (adj.) be short, short /Wollof [pc2]
kuus dwarf, pygmy /Wollof [pc2]
Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
ktt (be) small, trifling; little one /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 83 #1> [oi4]
Cushitic, East
kic#ere small /Bayso; guussi small /Gidole; gootto?'o small /Hadiyya; k'aass- strike, push /Hadiyya
Omotic, North
koota small /Sheko
Ometo
guc# small /Dache; guc#ee small (Dokko/Dokka); guuc# small /Dorze; guc#c#o small /Gofa; guuc#a small /Kulla; gut't'a guc#'a small, few /Ometo; guttaa small /Wolami; guc#aa (guc#'aa?) small /Zala
Semitic
qt!n qtn small /Proto Semitic
Cognate Set <Sasse (1979) , p. 27 #9. [oi4]
Cushitic, East
koc#' little in amount /Gidole
qoj- pinch take a small piece /Konso
Austro-Asiatic
kat.ic small, insignificant, young (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Sino-Tibetan
*k(j)@>j small, little, few /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "small" [ss]
ji 1 Modern (Beijing) < kyj Middle Chinese < k@j Old Chinese
ãga some, few, several. /Tibetan
ke3, kje3 be scarce, few, not plentiful; kji3 small, little. /Kachin [ss]
Altaic
k`ic`V
small, young /Altaic [ss]kicü
k TurcTurkic
kIs
diminish; kisa short /Turk; kiçi small /TurkmenTungus
g'aci one tenth to the seventeenth power /Manchu [as]
Japanese
kechi
- insignificantCaucasian
*ki:c.y: puppy /North Caucasian [ss]
*q.a>c.y> (~-u>) piece; bite, incision /North Caucasian [ss]
*q.ec.e A piece /Tsezian [ss]
q.ic.i /Tsezi; q.iĉ.i /Ginukh [ss]
q.ac. bite; mouth /Lak [ss]
*q.ac. a bite; (piece of bread) > bread /Dargwa [ss]
q.ac. /Akusha; q.ac. /Chiragh [ss]
*q.ac. 1 bit,slice 2 notch, nick 3(biting part) > chin /Lezghian [ss]
q.ac. 2 /Lezghi; q.ac. 1 /Tabasaran; q.ac. 1 /Agul; q.ac. 3 /Rutul; q.ac. 3 /Tsakhur [ss]
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*qẹj(u) small (малый, маленький) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN118]
*qạj(ụ)- small; Dim. 1 (малый, небольшой; Dim. 1) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN738]
q?έju-
; qεj- 1 /Chukchee; qaju- (III); qaj- (III) 1 /Koryak; qaj- 1 /Palan; qaju-; qaj- 1 /Alutor [ss]*qi- ; qi-tki-nąŋ /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN118]
qitkineŋ , Pl. qetkene'n brother (брат) /Sedank dialect; kitkinyn frater sorori /West Itelmen; kins ? frater minor natu /SIT [ss]
*kit " barely (чуть-чуть) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN688]
kít " /Chukchee; kit " /Koryak; kit " /Palan; kit " /Alutor [ss]
*qạj-ụjụ calf, fawn (теленок, олененок) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN739]
qεjϊu
/Chukchee; qajuju (III) /Koryak; qajuju-n /Palan [ss]*howtъ-
meager, greedy (скупой, жадный) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1007]hotą-
/Koryak; hotą- /Palan [ss]Dravidian
*gud.- small /Dravidian [ss]
*gud.d.-/*gid.d.- small /South Dravidian [ss]
kut.t.am smallness; young of a monkey /Tamil; kut.t.an_ laddie, lassie, as a term of endearment; kid or lamb; kut.t.i young of a dog, pig, tiger, etc.; little girl; smallness; kut.t.ai shortness, dwarfishness; kut.t.-e:r_u a small bull; kun.t.ai shortness, that which is short and stout /Tamil; kut.t.an boy, lamb, calf /Malayalam; kut.t.i young of any animal, child (chiefly girl), pupil of eye; kut.u small, narrow /Malayalam; gid.d.u, gud.d.u shortness, smallness /Kannada; gid.d.a dwarf; fem. gid.d.i; gud.d.a dwarf, a boy; smallness, shortness; (Hav.) kun.t.u short /Kannada; kut.t.i child of any caste except Coorgs; young of animals (except dog, cat, pig) /Kodagu; gid.d.a small, short /Tulu; gid.d.e, gid.d.ele, gid.ye, gid.yele dwarf, short man; fem. gid.d.i, gid.d.u; kun.t.e a short man, dwarf; kun.t.i a female dwarf; short; (B-K.) gud.d.u short /Tulu [ss]
*kut.-/*kot.- short, small (kut. xwar_ small shola, kut.xyfy short-ears, i. e. tiger) /Nilgiri [ss]
kut. Toda [ss]
*gid.d.-/*gud.d.- short, dwarfish /Telugu [ss]
Basic form: gid.d.a; Dialect forms (1): git.aka; Derivatives: Also gid.asa id., stunted; (SAN) gud.d.a child [ss]
*gud.-ru: dwarfish (of persons and animals only) /North Dravidian [ss]
gud.ru:, gur.ru: Kurukh [ss]
ghud.d.-u:, gud.d.-u: small; urchin /Brahui [ss]
gujju small /Kannad.a; koccu small, young; koccan- young boy /Tamil; koccu short, small, young, mean; (also koccan) little boy; kocci girl; kocam a little; kou a young stunted coconut /Malayalam kucu young of birds and various animals /Tamil; kuci young, small, infant /Malayalam [sk]
kuci anything small (Tamil); kuu small (Malayalam); kun small (Komi); kundu a child of Pariahs; kui, kun.n.i small (Tulu); gunna young of an animal (Telugu)(DEDR 1646); kocam little, small quantity (Tamil); a little (Malayalam); koca, koce a little, littleness, inferiority (Kannad.a); kocemu a little, a few; deficiency, contempt; little, few, slight, mean, deficient (Telugu); koyyal lean (Parji); kocceka, koceka a little (Kuwi)(DEDR 2041); kwic humbled, low (Toda); koca, koce a little, littleness, inferiority (Kannad.a); koncemu a little, a few; deficiency, contempt; little, few, slight, mean, deficient (Telugu.)(DEDR 2043). [sk]
cit.t.u anything small; cit.t.u-kkuruvi house sparrow; cit.t.u a small bird (Tamil); cit.t.u, cit.a, cit.i smallness, shortness etc. (Kannad.a); cit.t.-ili mouse (Tamil); cit.t. small, little (Tulu); cit.t.i id., young; cit.t.-eluka mouse (Telugu); cit.t.u fine husk (Gadba); sit.ur.i small, dwarfish (Kui); sita kadda a stream; sitki a mouse (Kuwi)(DEDR 2513).[sk]
Iberian
cachorro "puppy, cub" is part of the Iberian substratum defined by linguists [cb5].
C.f. kis'o_ra a youth, lad, a boy below fifteen, a minor in law; kis'o_ri_ a maiden, a young woman; kis'o_ra a colt, cub, the young of any animal; e.g. ke_sarikis'o_rah. (Sanskrit lex.) [sk]
Indo-European
Italic
cătŭlus
-i a young animal, esp. a whelp, puppy /LatinThis is supposed to derive from Proto Indo-European root *kat- 'down' [ahd]
Slavic
gedža
dwarf /Serbo-CroatianIndo-Iranian
Iranian
katas (in Zand and Pazand) small /Persian [fjs]
kotah short, contracted; kuchak small, little; a musical mode or style; diminutive; younger, junior; a youngster, a child; kudak a boy, lad, youth, child, infant; a stripling; a slave-boy; kudaka a little infant /Persian [fjs]
kuta` fox's cub; etc. /Persian [fjs]
hech nothing; a mere trifle; lost, annihilated; never, at no rate, on no account, at all; some, any; not any, none /Persian [fjs]
Indo-Aryan
kis'o_ra
a youth, lad, a boy below fifteen, a minor in law; kis'o_ri_ a maiden, a young woman; kis'o_ra a colt, cub, the young of any animal; e.g. ke_sarikis'o_rah. (Sanskrit lex.) [sk]Potawatomi
bke'ji
small amountQuechua
cutuya-china make small {china "to make"} [q1]
also see Hungarian csinál "to make etc."
Yuki
ko·čwa(·)n
few1 [y84]kicsiny petty, trifling, short /Hungarian
Uralic
Hungarian kicsiny is attributed a Turkic origin [Chong]
{Hungarian /ny/ palatised /n'/ similar to Spanish /ñ/}
{Hungarian /cs/ similar to English /ch/}
Afro-Asiatic
Semitic
qţn
to be(come) thin, fine, small /Semitic Root [ahd]qt.n small /Phœnician [cgj]
qTyn A /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr small 2 JLAGal,Syr,JBA narrow 3 Syr,JBA thin 4 Syr sharp 5 Syr wise 6 Syr adv accurately 7 JLAGal emaciated 8 JBA something small
LS2 659
LS2 v: qaTiyn
qTn V /Aramaic [cal]
011 JLAGal,Syr to be small, thin 012 JLAGal,Syr to waste away 013 Syr to be sad 021 Syr to extenuate 022 Syr to sharpen 023 Syr to make oneself small 051 Syr to be made small 052 Syr to be subtle 031 Syr to make light
LS2 659
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
k∂san (adj.) small (in size, age, status), minor, unimportant /Baluchi [mab]
keskeny narrow /Hungarian
Uralic
Official source says Hungarian keskeny is possibly related to the dialectal word keshedt "lean"; "scraggy" to which it attributes a possible derivation from a F-U root.
Altaic
? k@skin keen, sharp; unique (Azeri); keske small (Chuvash); kecˆken@ small; kysynky (Tatar); kesin (Turkish); kicˆkina small; k'eskin sharp (Uzbek) [Chong]
gysga short; gysgaça briefly /Turkmen [glnp]
gysgaltmak to shorten; gysganç 1. miser 2. greedy, miserly /Turkmen [glnp]
qisqa short /Cuman [pbg]
Quechua
quichqui skinny (for objects, paths) [q1]
kiski narrow [q2]
keshedt lean, scraggy; pale, sickly /Hungarian
Uralic
Hungarian keshedt is described as a dialectal word. [Chong]
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian [fjs]
kasid worthless, deficient in quantity or quality, not selling or passing current, despicable, in no esteem; dull of sale, unsaleable (goods); flat (market); destitute, in debt./Persian
The Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
kast he diminished; diminution; loss, damage; a lie; kastan (imp. kah) to lessen, diminish, damage, destroy; to finish; kasta diminished, lessened; kasti decrease, diminution; lie, falsehood./Persian
kazad, kizad an old, worn-out garment /Persian
giza-, gizaki
(C) human /BasqueUralic
hõs hero; young man; unmarried man /Hungarian
husz-ár horse soldier /Hungarian
Officially, Hungarian hös is possibly of F-U origin
*kac'a hero (Proto FU) [Chong]
Sumerian
kuš 7 devastation, destruction; groom, valet, esquire, body-servant, boy [jh]
g'iš 2,3 man [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
Semitic
ġzw to strive, make a raid /Arabic root [ahd]
ġāzī
"raider, warrior" active participle of ġazā "to strive, make a raid" /Arabic [ahd]gys#2 (n.) /Aramaic [cal]
1 JLAGal,Syr,JBA,Mand army, troop
2 Syr band of raiders
3 Syr invasion
LS2 114,J 238
LS2 v: gaysA)
)swr#3 (n.) /Aramaic {/)/ = aleph} [cal]
1 Syr armed horseman
LS2 32
LS2 v: )eswAr
Altaic
Turkic
kisi "man, human being" /Cuman [pbg]
kiši
/Altaic; gazi hero /TurkJapanese
yūsha
heroChaldean
gusur
heroIndo-European
Celtic
Irish gasradh, band of domestic troops, "youths", from gas, military servant; borrowed from the Welsh gwas, whence English vassal. See fasdadh [mcb]
Germanic
hyse
warrior; youth /Old EnglishIndo-Iranian/Iranian
kas man /Pashto [tr]
γazi
warrior, hero, person who fights for a noble cause /Baluchi [mab]hot hero, warrior /(Northern) Baluchi [mld]
gizen
(C) fat /BasqueUralic
*kate
to fatten /Ugrian; *kuu fat, blubber /F.Uhíz-ott
being fat; híz- get fat /HungarianIndo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian
hazab (v.n.) being fat; being full; -- hazib short and big-bellied. /Persian [fjs]
huzub being fat; being full /Persian [fjs]
These are loans from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
Sumerian
_ia
fat, cream, oil; he 2 abundantgogor
(adj.) hard, difficult; violent, authoritarian, severe, cruel /BasqueUralic
gõg arrogance; pride; haughtiness /Hungarian
kiukku anger (Finnish) [Chong]
Austric
gógó strong, resistant. /Rapanui [anon]
Tagata hakari gógó, person of strong constitution; kuhane gógó, ekó higa ki te akuaku, strong soul, that does not fall to the power of evil spirits. [anon]
{/g/ sounds /like /ng/ as in English <sing>}
Altaic
gōgan
arrogance; haughtiness /Japanese*ge/ga ( ~ -o) to be angry /Altaic [ss]
*KAky- to be angry /Turkic [ss]
qaqy-g| 'anger' /Old Turkic; kaky- /Turkish; kaky- /Turkmen
*gag|a- to be angry /Mongolian [ss]
ga:-ra- /Khalkha [ss]
*geg- to be angry /Tungus [ss]
gewxe- /Negidal; geuxe-de- /Nanai; gewxe-de- /Ulcha; gegin- /Even; gegin- /Evenki [ss]
*ka/ku/at- to complain /Japanese [ss]
ka/k(u)o/t- /Old Japanese; kako/t- /Tokyo [ss]
Caucasian
*q.o>gV burden; back /North Caucasian [ss]
Sino-Tibetan
*Kak hard, difficult /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
khag difficult; hard (to bear). /Tibetan [ss]
khak be hard, difficult, LB *k(h)ak id. /Burmese [ss]
*cha>k hard, difficult /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
chegs troublesome, difficult, hard. /Tibetan [ss]
din|sa?2 to trouble, annoy. /Kachin [ss]
sak hard (not soft, not easy), difficult. /Lushei [ss]
*c[e]k (/?c-) hard /Kiranti [ss]
Quechua
qaqa hard [q2]
gorri
red; naked, nude; txiro (B) poor, needy /BasqueUralic
csóré naked /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)
csoré 1) stark naked; 2) poor, unfortunate /Hungarian
{/cs/ similar to Basque /tx/ or English /ch/}
Dravidian
ta_l.ikkam prosperity; ta_l.ikkai high price or value (Ta.lex.) [sk]
Indo-European
čoro
poor /Gypsyt.halla poor, penniless; t.haliya empty (Prakrit); t.halho empty; t.halhi unproductive (Punja_bi_); t.ha_la_ unemployed; t.ha_l leisure (Hindi_); t.ha_la empty (Old Gujara_ti_); t.ha_lu~ empty, unemployed (Gujara_ti_) [sk]
gurdi
(C) cart, wagon /Basquekordé
cart, trolley; szekér wagon /HungarianUralic
kordé
cart, trolley /HungarianSumerian
gigir
wheels, wagonDravidian
gâRî vehicle, cart /Brahui
szekér
wagon /HungarianAustro-Asiatic
sagar. a cart with solid wheels; to cart; sagar. gad.i a cart with 2-spoked wheels; sagar. jhagar. driving a cart; sagar.ia a carter; sagar. cak a cart wheel; sagar solid cart wheel (Santali.lex.) sagar.i, sagir.i, sagr.i a rudimentary cart, called sometimes a block-wheeled cart because its two wheels (ca_ka) are spokeless and made of three blocks of wood (Mundari); sagar. (Sadani. Oraon); ... used to transport bales, sheaves of reaped paddy, straw, firewood and timber (Mundari lex.) [sk]
Dravidian
sagar
chariot /Dravidianguri-tu
to soften; to smooth out; to become tender; to soften up /BasqueUralic
gyúr
to knead; hár-ít to smooth over; to avert, parry; to alleviate /Hungarian{Hungarian /gy/ similar to palatised /d'/}
Sumerian
duru5 , dur5 moist, supple [jh]
Ainu
turi to stretch [sm]
Sino-Tibetan
*j@:r spread, extend /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
g-jor sail, jar to disperse, ramble, stray. /Tibetan [ss]
jan2 to be unrolled and spread out, as a bundle, be extended, drawn out in a line, (H) @jan extended, continuous, nin|jan long (cf. also jai, @jai to scatter, throw about). /Kachin [ss]
za:r to spread or spread out (as wings), to hang up (as cloth). /Lushei [ss]
Altaic
*giari to stretch, spread /Altaic [ss]
*ger- to spread out, to hang /Turkic [ss]
ker- /Old Turkic; ger- /Turkish; ga"r- /Turkmen; kar- /Chuvash [ss]
*girke- to spread /Tungus [ss]
girkú- /Even; girke- /Evenki [ss]
*k@:r- 1 to hang on, put on (smth.) 2 to spread out /Korean [ss]
k@l-da 1, k@lĉhi-da 1,2 /Modern Korean; k@:r-thi/- 1 /Middle Korean [ss]
Tungus
ijurambi to knead, to rub /Manchu [as]
gurpil
(G,U) wheel, tire /Basquekarika ring, circlet /Hungarian
gur-ul rolling; gur-ít cause to roll /Hungarian
ker-ék wheel; ker-ek round /Hungarian
kör circle; köré, kör-ül about, around; ker-ül-et district, circuit; department /Hungarian
Uralic
*kere
circle/F.Ualso see Hungarian görbe "crooked,bent etc."
Sumerian
gàr, kàr used for round and high objects [jh]
gúr sphere, circle, hoop; gigir wheels, wagon (from gur+gur)
Niger-Congo (?)
karikaroo (n) toy (wheel, etc) /Mandinka [pc1]
Afro-Asiatic
Semitic
krk V /Aramaic [cal]
011 Syr,JBA to wrap up 012 JLAGal,Syr to wrap around 013 Syr to surround 014 Syr to put on 015 Syr to travel around 016 JBA to roll up 017 JBA + rypt) to eat a meal 041 Syr to go around 042 Syr to bind 043 Syr to delay 044 Syr to be rolled 045 Syr to be led around 046 Syr to be involved 047 Syr to be carried around 048 JBA to be wrapped up 049 JBA to attach one's self 021 Syr to wrap up 022 JLAGal,Syr to wrap around 023 Syr to lead around 024 Syr to surround 025 JBA to turn around 051 Syr to be carried around 052 Syr to delay 031 Syr to command to go around 032 Syr to lead around 033 Syr to carry around 034 Syr to turn 035 Syr to swing 036 Syr %bazwArA)% to close the hand 037 Syr to curve
LS2 345, J 668
krk#3 N krk) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr circuit 2 Syr woof 3 Syr convolvulus 4 JBA matting 5 JBA roll
LS2 345
LS2 v: krAkA)
*gll to roll /Proto Semitic [ahd]
gạlîlâ circuit, district (from gālal to roll). /Hebrew [ahd]
gll (vb.) /Aramaic [cal]
011 Mand to roll 021 Palestinian to roll 022 Syr to fluctuate 023 Syr to make round 051 JLATg,Syr to be agitated, to boil 052 Syr to be turned in on itself 031 Palestinian,Syr to roll 032 Syr to unfold, to make to turn 081 JLATg to roll 091 Palestinian > glgl
LS2 115
Cognate Set <Diakonoff () , #61> [oi4]
g@l@ll@t round /Berber
Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 202a #6> [oi4]
Cushitic, Agaw
egirgir move /Bilin
Cushitic, East
giringir roll /Somali
gur roll /Saho
Semitic
grgr wallow, revolve,roll /Geez
Altaic
*ko\'a>/r district /Korean [ss]
kurai, gurai particle meaning "about, approximately, to the extent of, only"; kuru-kuro round and round; kuruma wheel; carriage, wagon /Japanese
Caucasian
*gwe:rV circle, round, to roll /North Caucasian [ss]
*gorV-mV (~-u-,-V:-) a wheel for hitching the plough /Nakh [ss]
gurma Chechen [ss]
*gw|irV ( ~ gu-) 1 circle 2 wheel /Andian [ss]
gor 1 /Avar; goro 1 /Akhvakh; guri 2 /Karata [ss]
*gVr- round /Tsezian [ss]
gelmac^.u /Tsezi; gemerdiju /Ginukh; gyrma /Inkhokvari; gerdijo /Bezhita; gerdu /Gunzib [ss]
k:ur uc^in to roll /Lak [ss]
*gw|er ( ~ *k:w|-) to roll /Gargwa [ss]
ger -ik.es /Akusha [ss]
Dravidian
*cura
circle /Dravidiankuruku bracelet, armlet (Kalla_. 44,22(Tamil.lex.) [sk]
kar-an:ku
to whirl; n. whirling, gyration /Tamil; kar-akku (kar-akki-) to spin (as yarn)/Tamil; kar-annuka to turn around, whirl /Malayalam; gar-a, gar-agar-a whirlingly, around and around /Kannad.a [sk]Indo-European
Indo-Iranian
Iranian [mab]
g∂rd∂g V-I- /g∂št/ to walk around, wander /Baluchi
g∂rdi[g] circulating, revolving, changeable /Baluchi
Indo-Aryan [sk]
*ghe_r
make go round, surround (Sanskrit < Dravidian)Mayan
Chorti [cw]
kohr (qo-h-r) 'round object, pellet, squat thing, short, squat'
kor qor 'pellet, ball, anything pellet-shaped, any large round or ovoid fruit, poultice'
kori 'shape in the hands, shape anything into balls or pellets' (cl.1)
koror 'round, pellet-shaped, ball-shaped, ball, wad, pellet'
Sino-Tibetan
*qw|a:r round /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
sgor, gor, skor, khor, kor round, ãkhor turn round. /Tibetan [ss]
ver to move or go round. /Lushei [ss]
{see Hungarian for- "to turn"}
kar to twist, to curl as hair, as tail, as leaf /Lepcha [ss]
görgö
roller /HungarianAfro-Asiatic/Semitic
qrqws N /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr circle 2 JLAGal,Syr ring
LS2 701
Altaic/Tungus
horgimbi to roll, to rotate, to spin, to make a round /Manchu [as]
hûrgimbi to roll, to rotate /Manchu [as]
Caucasian
*gi:rgwV circle, round /North Caucasian [ss]
*go:g-rV- "round" /Nakh
gorga /Chechen; gerga /Ingush; gogri~ /Batsbi [ss]
*girg(w|)V- round /Andian [ss]
gurgi/na-b /Avar; gurguma /Andi; gi~ga-da /Akhvakh; gergamo- /Karata; girg/amu /Godoberi
and so on .....
gyűrű
ring, circlet /Hungarian < kör > gyür-ü [k>g>gy]Uralic
Hungarian /gy/ like a palatised /d'/
Altaic
*dur'a
ring /Altaic [ss]*jür'-
/Turcjüzü
ring /Turkic [r>z]Niger-Congo (?)
jaaru ring /Wollof [pc2]
jara bracelet /Wollof [pc2]
ker-es to search, seek; ker-ing to circle /Hungarian
Altaic
*ge>\la to search, hunt /Altaic [ss]
*gele-l/ĉ- # to woo, ask /Turkic [ss]
geleŝ- /Kumyk [ss]
*gele:- to ask, demand, search /Tungus [ss]
gele:- /Evenki; gele:- /Even; gele:- /Negidal; gele:- /Solon; gele- /Nanai; gele- /Ulcha; gele- /Orok; gele- /Oroch; gele- /Udighe [ss]
*ka\r- to hunt for, demand, search; drive /Japanese [ss]
ka\r- (Old Japanese); ka/r-, ka\r- (Tokyo); ka/r- (Kyoto); ka/r- (Kagoshima) [ss]
kari hunting; hunt; chase; kari-tateru to hunt up, chase /Japanese
Sino-Tibetan
*ghw|a:r search /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
gon2 to search out, trace; to inquire. /Kachin [ss]
khor to search, hunt for. /Lushei [ss]
kerget to chase /Hungarian
Afro-Asiatic
qwrq waylay, hunt /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Austro-Asiatic
karka a hunt, employed as a synonym for sendra; sendra a hunt, to hunt, to follow the chase, to search for; disom sendra, gipitic sendra the annual tribal hunt (Santali.lex.) [sk]
ker-it encircle; fence in; ker-it-és fence /Hungarian
ker-t garden, orchard /Hungarian
Uralic
ker-it
encircle; fence in [-it frequentive suffix] /Hungarianker-t garden, the area enclosing the yard, which includes the garden. [ -t deverbal] /Hungarian
kar-ám
'animal holding pen' [-am deverbal suffix]Sumerian
kára encircle [jh]
kiri 6 garden [jh]
Niger-Congo (?)
karitoo (n) fence /Mandinka [pc1]
kooroo (n) fence, disaster, woe, incident (bad) /Mandinka [pc1]
Afro-Asiatic/Semitic
qr wall; qrt city /Phœnician [cgj]
qryh N qryt) /Aramaic [cal]
1 passim city 2 passim village 3 Syr field 4 Syr possession 5 Syr %qr:y mdynt)% territory of a city
LS2 695
pl: quwr:yA)
LS2 v: qriytA); abs. is qr)! > qry#3
50: emph. qrt)
Altaic/Tungus
horimbi to imprison; to encircle, to confine /Manchu [as]
Sino-Tibetan
*Kw|e>rH enclosure, fence /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
quan 1 /Modern (Beijing) < khwen /Middle Chinese
< khw|ren /Old Chinese [ss]
khoen /Vietnamese [ss]
skjor-ba enclosure, fence /Tibetan [ss]
*kho\r ( ~ x-) fence /Kiranti [ss]
khor barrier /Thulung; khwo|r fence, trap /Kaling [ss]
Caucasian
* ĉ.a"rV ( ~ c./-, ĉ.-, c./-) wall /North Caucasian [ss]
c^.ira wall /Lak [ss]
* ĉ.er(a) ( ~ -a"-) 1 eaves 2 wall /Lezghian [ss]
ĉ.ere 1 /Lezghi; ĉ.er 2 /Archi [ss]
ĉ.a"ra" stone for fastening roof edges /Khinalug [ss]
*ky>rt(w)V> enclosure /North Caucasian [ss]
*kart fence, yard /Nakh [ss]
kert /Chechen; kart /Ingush [ss]
*kartV ( ~ -o-) 1. enclosure, pen 2. place for meeting, godek.an /Avaroandian [ss]
kort /Avar; k/arti /Godoberi [ss]
*kVtV 1. village 2. sheep-fold /Abkhazo-Adyghe [ss]
Dravidian
cir-e enclosure, dam /Malayalam; cir-ai dam, bank, tank, boundary /Tamil; cir-a dam, limit, tank, reservoir, enclosure /Malayalam; keR- (-t-) to close, shut (as a door, box etc.), build a wall (as enclosure) /Kond.a; ker- to fence /Kuwi; kir- to confine; to make a fence; to shut as the mouth /Kannad.a; cer-i to narrow, to contract; to fasten, to close; to stuff, press in; to be thronged or crowded /Tamil; cerudu to shove or put in /Malayalam; cer-ukku to enclose /Malayalam (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]
Indo-European
Reconstruction
*ghordh-o- hedge, fence /PIE [bd]
*gherdh- yard /PIE [cg2]
Celtic
goirtean a little field of corn, croft, Irish goirtín, gort, garden, corn-field, Old Irish gort, seges, Welsh garth, enclosure, Breton garz (do.): *gorto-; Latin hortus; Greek @Ghórtos, straw-yard; English garden, garth, etc [mcb]
gàradh, gàrradh a garden, Irish gardhadh, Middle Irish garrda; from the Norse garðr, a yard, Middle English gard, garþ, English yard, garden [mcb]
Germanic
gardr `hedge, fence, court' /Old Icelandic [bd]
geard enclosure /Old English
Norse garðr, a yard, Middle English gard, garþ, English yard, garden [mcb]
court /English [ep: p.125]
Area enclosed by buildings, hence all the other senses, derives from Middle English court, curt, cort from the same forms in Old French, cort being the clearest derivatives from Latin cort-, oblique stem if cors a contraction of cohors, oblique-stem cohort- : co- for con-, with + stem and root the same with those of hortus, a garden
gird to encircle especially with a belt; girt (past participle) /English [ep: p.255]
Middle English girden (gerden etc.); Old English gyrdan; akin to Old Frisian gerda, Old Saxon gurdian, Old High German gurtēn, German gürten, Gothic bigairdan, Old Norse gyrtha
According to [ep: p.255], gird is intimately akin to-indeed, probably from Old English gyrdan, stem gyrd-, is Old English gyrdel: c.f. Old Frisian gerdel, Old High German gurtil, Middle High German-German gürtel and Old Norse gyrthill. The Hittite gir, a girdle, suggest that Old Germanic gerd-, gird-, gurd-, perhaps represents a Germanic intensive -d extension of Indo-European *ger-, gir-, gīr-, gur- (c.f. Greek guros), a circle, a ring.
Anatolian
gurta
enclosed place /Hittitekerþþi- a city /Lycian [cb2]
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
gyrd {also /gyRd/} (adj.) round /Baluchi [mab]
Albanian
gardh hedge, fence [bd]
Balto-Slavic
gar~das `fold, pen' /Lithuanian [bd]
Slavic
grâd town, city, place /Serbo-Croatian
grad city /Bulgar; gorod city /Russian
Muskogean/Eastern
holihta fence /Alabama [tm]
ker-ül to avoid, shun, go round /Hungarian
Niger-Congo (?)
kaari (v) to avoid, save from, omit, spare /Mandinka [pc1]
Afro-Asiatic
h.rti keep away from, avoid /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic
*k`erV to go round, walk around /Altaic [ss]
*kere-, *kerü- /Mongol
*xerē- /Tungus [ss]
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*γala-
to pass by, to pass/avoid (пройти мимо, миновать) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN336]γalα-
/Chukchee; γala- /Koryak; γala- /Palan; γala- /Alutor [ss]
Basque Dialects :-)
B = Biscayan (bizkaiera); G = Guipuzcoan (gipuzkoera)
L = Labourdin (lapurdiera); LN = Low Navarrese (benafarrera)
Z = Souletin (zuberoera, xiberoera); U = Unified Basque (Euskara Batua)
C = common to five or more dialects
Copyright © 2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008
The content of this list remains the property of the respective sources in [] brackets. The author can only lay claim to the time and effort that has been invested in its compilation.
Last updated 25 June 2008