Euskara Magyar
Word List
Xa-Zu

These lists contain 'SIMILARITIES' not alleged Basque-Hungarian cognates!
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xabal, zabal, zabal-du (C) wide, clear /Basque

szabad free, clear < allowed; szabad-ba in/with nature /Hungarian
zoboducha "free (him)" /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} (Modern, szabadítsa) [gzb1]

Sumerian

sabad hip, loins > naked; subar naked body; sibir shepherd's (scepter)

šu...bad to release ('hand' + 'to open') [jh]
šu...bal to alter; to tamper; to set aside ('hand' + 'to change') [jh]
šu...bar to release, let loose ('hand' + 'to open, release') [jh]
šu...búru to open the hand ('hand' + 'to open') [jh]
šu...ba (cf., šu...bad, šu...bar) [jh]

Dravidian

s'âbît broad, wide /Brahui

Indo-European

Slavic

svobod~ free /Old Bulgarian [id]

Paleo-Balkan

sabazias free /Thracian [id]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

šabit (adj.) spacious, ample, wide, open /Baluchi [mab]

Indo-Aryan

szlobodoj free /Gypsy

Ulwa

subitdanaka vi. (subitdi) 1. escape 2. come loose [ud]
subitnaka vi. (subitpi) (var. subitdanaka) escape; get away [ud]

szél-es broad, wide /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian szél "edge" is of FU origin.

*s'el3- /Ugric [Chong]

sil edge of something, etc. /Obdorsk Khanty; seel edge of the side of something /Nether Konda Man's'i; s&&l id. /Sosva Man's'i [Chong]

Officially, Hungarian széles "broad,wide" derives from szél "edge"

*seele (Proto Ugric) [Chong]

Sumerian

sal, šal spacious, wide etc. [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

*s.^il(a)?|- {} *c.^il(a)?|- rib, side (of chest) /Semitic Protoform [ss]

s.e:lu, s.ellu 'rib, side (part of the human and the animal body); side (of an object)' /Akkadian; s.l?| 'Rippenstu"ck' /Ugaritic; s.e:la:?| 'rib, side, plank' /Hebrew; OFF ?|l?|-y (pl.constr.) 'rib' /Aramaic; ?|il?|i:n (pl.) 'Rippe' /Biblical Aramaic; ?|a>la?| (?|il?|a:); ?l?|, det. ?a"l?|a: 'side, rib' /Judaic Aramaic; ?el?|a: 'costa' /Syriac [ss]

Altaic/Turkic

sarlaka wide /Chuvash

çil border /Turkmen [glnp]

Sino-Tibetan

*s/al (~-@-, -l/) sharp edge, sharp stone /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

s/al a flint, sharp-edged stone. /Tibetan [ss]

nin|s^an2, ns^an2, ns^a3 the edge of a blade. /Kachin [ss]

Indo-European

Celtic

Gaelic seal a while, space, Irish seal, Old Irish sel, Welsh chwyl, versio, turning, Breton hoel, "du moins", root svel, turn. Bez. (apud Stokes) compares Lettic swalstit, move hither and thither; to which cf. Greek @Gsaleúw, I toss [mcb]

Anatolian

šalli large /Hittite [cb]

xahu (L,LN,U) (adj.) clean; xahu-tu (L,LN,U) to clean, purify /Basque

Uralic

sik-ál to scrub, polish /Hungarian
sikárol /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)

Sumerian

sikil to be/make clean, pure; clean, fresh, pure, virgin [jh]

Niger-Congo (?)

sooca (v.) to scrub /Wollof [pc2]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

sk wipe, sweep (V29 O.K.) /Egyptian [cgj]

Semitic

zak pure, clean, righteous (fig.); the pure one (subst) /Hebrew

(Old Testament Strong No. 2134)

Zakah (a) (Qal) to be clean, be pure to be clear, be justified; (b) (Piel) to make clean, make pure, keep clean, keep pure; (c) (Hithpael) to cleanse to make yourself clean, purify oneself /Hebrew

(Old Testament Strong No. 2135)

sxy (v.) /Aramaic [cal]

011 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr to wash oneself 012 Syr to cleanse oneself 013 Syr to swim 014 Syr to invade 015 Syr to spread 016 Syr to be covered 051 Syr to be cleansed 031 Palestinian,Syr to wash 032 Syr to make to wim 033 Syr to provide the means for washing

LS2 465

dwky N dwky) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Syr cleansing

LS2 153

LS2 v: duwkAyA) R dky

dky A /Aramaic [cal]

1 Palestinian,CPA,JBA clean 2 Palestinian, pure R dky

dky V /Aramaic [cal]

011 Syr to be clean 021 Syr,Palestinian,JBA to cleanse, to purify ritually 022 Syr to set apart 023 Syr to wash off 051 Syr,Palestinian to be cleansed 052 Syr to cleanse oneself 053 Syr to be set apart 054 Syr to be healed 055 JBA to be purified 031 Syr to purge 061 Syr to purge

LS2 152 J 307

dql#2 N dql)

1 JBA cleaning

J 304 s.v. dyqwl), LowFL 2:317

Cognate Set <Sasse (1979) , p. 27 #3> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

j'aq- wash self /Konso; c#'ik'- wash self /Gidole

Cognate Set <Sasse (1979) , p. 27 #17> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

c#'ak'- c#'ik'- wash /Proto Konso-Gidole
d/ik'- wash self /Oromo

Cognate Set <Sasse (1979) , p. 30 #2> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

d/1ak'- wash /Proto East Cushitic

t'o'q- wash /Yaaku

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 154 #> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

*zuug- rub /Proto East Cushitic

duug- tan /Burji; duug- massage /Somali
duug- scrape clean /Oromo; tuuk- push /Konso
suugs- rub /Yaaku

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 168 #> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

*d/1ak'- wash /Proto East Cushitic

d/ik'- wash /Burji; d/aqad wash self /Somali; dix /Rendille; d!a?'- /Boni; dik- /Elmolo; d/ik'- /Oromo; j'aq- /Konso; c#'ik'- /Gidole

Altaic

Turkic/Khakassian

çugh= to wash; cf Sagay çun= (< CT *yuu=) [kl]

Dravidian

cukir (-v-, -nt-) to rub clean and smooth as a lute-string (Tamil)(DEDR 2645) [sk]
jo_ku, je_ki to wash (Koraga); so_ka_na_ to apply ointment, hot water, etc., to one's skin, rub, apply (oil, etc.); mat soka_na_ to apply medicine, anoint; ho_k- to rub on (oil, etc.); o_k- to rub; so_klal washerman; so_k to anoint (Gondi); so_k- (-t-) to clean body (while bathing), rub, clean; caus. so_kpis- (Kond.a); ho_k- (-t-) to wash, rub, rub on (oil); intens. ho_bga- (Pengo); jo_ga (jo_gi-) to wash clothes; n. act of washing clothes; joh- to wash clothes (Kui); co_shing to soak, steep; wash by rubbing, scrub (Brahui) (DEDR 2872).[sk]

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

suhk' 'a wiping, a cleaning off'
suhk'i 'wipe (as with a cloth), clean by rubbing' (cl.2)

Yuki

č'ak- bathe2, wash [y84]

xaru affection, caress /Basque

Uralic

szer-et-et affection, love; szer-et to like; szer-et-ö lover /Hungarian
ciró-gat-ás the caress /Hungarian

Sumerian

ušar female companion

Sino-Tibetan

*[s/]Vr care for /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

m@z^|an3 to care for, look after. /Kachin
sor to tend, care for. /Lushei [ss]

Afro-Asiatic

ser-ut love, like /Old Egypt

Altaic

sew-imli, sew-gi affection/Turk

Assyrian

sekret prostitute/Assyrian (possible loan from Hurrian)

Etruscan

cara "dear, beloved, "to be pleasant" [az96]
carati "affection, esteem" [az96]
see Italian caro, cara "dear" [az96]

Indo-European

Celtic

seirc love /Gaelic, searc, seirc /Irish, serc /Old Irish, serch /Welsh, serc'h concubine /Breton, serch /Middle Breton: *serkâ, *serko-; Gothic saúrga, care, German sorge, sorrow, English sorrow; Sanskrit sûrkshati, respect, reverence, take thought about something. The favourite derivation is to ally it to Greek stérgw, I love, which would give a Gaelic teirg [from mcb]

suiridhe a courting, suiridheach (better suirtheach or suireach), a wooer /Gaelic, so Irish, also surighim, I woo, Middle Irish suirge, wooing, suirgech, procus: *su-reg-, root reg, direct, etc.? [from mcb]

zabar-keria (C) disarray /Basque

Uralic

zav-ar to disturb, upset; zûr-zavar disarray /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

*dbb {} *z^|bb to be mad, crazy /Semitic Protoform [ss]

zaba:bu 'to be in a frenzy, to act crazily' /Akkadian [ss]
dibb- 'folie aiguĕ, fureur'; ]; duba:b- 'folie, fureur' /Arabic [ss]

Altaic

zawatsuku be noisy; be in commotion /Japanese

zarata (B,U) noise /Basque

Uralic

csör-get to rattle, clatter; csör-ög to clatter /Hungarian {Hungarian /cs/ = /ch/}
csörgő-dob tambourine {"rattling' + "drum"} /Hungarian
csörömpöl to make a sharp noise /Hungarian
csörren clang; ring /Hungarian
zör-ej noise; zör-ög to rattle,clatter; /Hungarian
zűr mess, rumpus /Hungarian

Sumerian

zú-ra to chatter, to be noisy; zar to tap

Altaic

Turkic

∫arkyldamak to rattle, clatter, knock, rap; ∫arkyldy knock, rattle, clatter /Turkmen [glnp]

Japanese

chara-chara jingling; kara-koro with a clatter

Caucasian

*z^|a"rG|V tambourine /North Caucasian [ss]

*z^|[i]rG|a tambourine /Nakh [ss]

z^irG|a /Chechen; z^arG|a /Ingush [ss]

*z^irG|in tambourine /Andian [ss]

z^erG|e/n /Avar; z^|iG|i~ /Akhvakh; z^|iG|in /Tindi; z^|irG|in /Godoberi [ss]

ĉ:irG|iIlu tambourine /Lak [ss]

Dravidian

cilampu tinkling anklets worn by women (Ain:kur-u. 389); id. (Malayalam); oblong hollow ring filled with pebbles and shaken before an idol in worship (W.); cilampu-kar..i-no_n-pu ancient ceremony preliminary to marriage, probably consisting in removing the anklet of a bride (Ain:kur-u. 399, Urai.); cilampu-ku_r-al story of Ko_valan- selling the ankle; cilappatika_ram < cilampu + atika_ram an ancient poem by Il.an:ko_v-at.ikal. dealing with the story of Ko_valan- and Kan.n.aki, one of paca-ka_viyam (Tamil.lex.) jelk anklet with bells (Kota); zilal small bell (one with a string) on strap on bullock's neck (Kolami); ji_la_ small bell tied to the neck of an ox (Gondi)(DEDR 2572). [sk]

cilai twang, sound, roar, bellow; cilampu to make a tinkling noise (Tamil)(DEDR 1574). [sk]

Indo-European/Italic

? carrilhão chime /Portuguese

zaku (C) bag /Basque

Uralic

zsák sack; zsák-mány loot /Hungarian (Mesopotamian origin.)

Sumerian

zuh[ZÚ] to steal, rob [jh]

Altaic

yagma booty; loot /Turkish

Indo-European/Italic

saque booty /Portuguese

zama (C) (n.) load, burden (physical or spiritual) /Basque

Uralic

csom-ó knot; heap, pile, bundle; csom-ag bundle, package /Hungarian

Hungarian csomó is officially thought to be of Finno-Ugrian origin. [see Chong]

*c'olme to tie, to bind /FinnUgor

solmi, solmu knot /Finnish; ĉuol'bmâ knot /Lappish; s'ulma bundle, knot /Mordvin; s'ulma bundle, knot /Mordvin [Chong]

c.f Indo-European/Italic Spanish colman "heap"

Niger-Congo (?)

saamu to pile goods for sale /Mandinka [pc1]
saam (n.) bunch, pile, heap /Wollof [pc2]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Hayward (1988) , #32> [oi4]

Omotic

c#'aan- load /Proto Ometo
c#'aan- load /Ari

Sino-Tibetan

*co:m (~ z|h-) bundle, sheaf /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "sheaf, bundle"
zong 1 Modern (Beijing) < cun| Middle Chinese < co:n| Old Chinese [ss]

chom bundle, bunch. /Tibetan [ss]

ĉom 1 to be drawn together, to be compressed, to be crossed one over another, to be crumbled as cloth 2 to be clustered /Lepcha [ss]

*c/o:m (~ z|/-,-u:-) thicket /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
*z|/o:m collect, bring with /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Altaic

*ĉ`omi stack, to stack /Altaic [ss]

*ĉu"mele stack, haystack /Turkic [ss]

ĉu"ma"la" /Tatar; s/@w|mele /Chuvash [ss]

*ĉomu 1 to collect, stack 2 haystack /Mongolian [ss]

comro- 1, comog 2 /Khalkha; ? con|x@ 'hillock' /Kalmuck; ĉumoG 'petite tente', c/omboG 'tas, meule' /Monguor [ss]

*ĉum- 1 to put into a stack 2 a wood stack /Tungus [ss]

ĉumĉe- 1, ĉumĉe /Evenki [ss]

*ĉ`iam[o] bud, bouquet /Altaic [ss]

*ĉemen 1 bouquet, bundle 2 a k. of grass (used for wrapping feet) /Turkic [ss]

ĉemen 1 /Turkmen [ss]

*ĉomurlag bouquet; bud /Mongolian [ss]

comorlog Khalkha [ss]

*ĉi:me, *ĉi:m-ĉikte 1 bud 2 cone 3 fir needle 4 grain, nut stone, kernel /Tungus [ss]

ĉimĉukte 2,3 /Negidal; ĉimĉikte 1,2 /Nanai; ĉimĉikte 1,2 /Ulcha; ĉipĉikte 1,3 /Orok; ĉi:me 4 /Evenki [ss]

Turkic

kume heap, mass, hut, hide /Turkish
ĉim bundle, knot (Chagatai) [Chong]

Tungus

comcok bunch, cluster /Manchu [as]
sumala bag, sack /Manchu [as]

Japanese

tsumaru (v.i.) to be packed; tsumeru (v.t.) to pack

Caucasian

*cu>jmV ( ~ -o>-) thick, dense /North Caucasian [ss]

*st.am-u(n) /-i(n) thick, dense /Nakh [ss]

stomma /Chechen; soma /Ingush; st.ami /Batsbi [ss]

{see Akkadian somma 'thick' [ss]}

*=ic:V- thick /Andian [ss]

=ic:a/-ta- /Avar [ss]

c:un-s:a dense /Lak [ss]

*c:uma- dense /Dargwa [ss]

zuma-si /Akusha [ss]

*Gw@>mV dense /North Caucasian [ss]

*G|w|omV- ( ~ -a-) 1 dense 2 to be dense /Andian [ss]

G|un-k- 2 /Avar; G|w|amo-b /Karata [ss]

q:uma-s:a narrow, cramped /Lak [ss]

*q:(w|)amV- dense /Lezghian [ss]

G|aIm /Udi [ss]

*G|w|@m@ ( ~ Gw|-) thick (of objects with circular surface) /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

G|w|@m@ /Adyghe; G|w|@m /Circassian [ss]

*Gh_y>mbV (~-?|-) cluster, bunch /North Caucasian [ss]

*G|obu (~-a-) grape vine /Avaroandian [ss]

G|a/bu /Avar; G|abu /Akhvakh; G|ab /Chamalal [ss]

*x|omV ( ~ G|:-,-@-) a bunch of sheaves /Tsezian [ss]

G|oma /Bezhita [ss]

q:uImaj cluster, bunch (of grapes) /Lak [ss]

*q:ym- (~-u-) cluster, bunch /Lezghian [ss]

G|uma /Udi [ss]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*temHą heap, pile /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss]

*ta.mhV- heap, pile /Chukchee-Koryak [ss]

tε'p?ε-n, tε'pqε-n, /Chukchee; tamahąŋ /Koryak; tapuŋ /Alutor [ss]

*tam heap, pile /Proto Itelmen [ss]

'oj-tam 'funeral pile" /West Itelmen [ss]

Dravidian

*k^um- headpad; to carry (on head) /Dravidian [ss]

*cum- heavy; to carry /South Dravidian [ss]

cuma (-pp-, -nt-) to become heavy as debt or interest, be burdened; bear, support, carry a burden, take upon oneself, bear in the womb /Tamil; cema to carry; cummat.u burden, load, load pad for head; cumatalai, cumaitalai burden, responsibility; cumati load, burden, abundance; cumattu (cumatti-) to burden, load, impose; cumai bearing, burden, load; cumaiyan_ porter; cumma:t.u load pad for head; cummai burden, charge; cimpuri coil of straw used for keeping steady a vessel, load, etc., as on the ground or head /Tamil; cuma burden, load /Malayalam; cumakka to carry a burden; cumat.u, co:t.u burden, load; cumatala charge, duty; cumattuka to load, charge; cummal load; cumma:t.u pad for head to carry burdens; cummuka to bear, carry /Malayalam; simbi, simbe ring of cloth to be put under a vessel, etc., upon the head; a coil for setting a vessel on the ground; the coil of a snake /Kannad.a; tumbuni, tumbu, sumbu, humbu to bear, carry as a load; tumba:vuni to load; tumbon.uni, tummon.uni to bear or suffer, be patient /Tulu [ss]

*cum- carrying pad (pa:ta cloth); basic form: cumma; dialect forms (1): cumpa:ta /Telugu [ss]

*c/um- head-pad /Kolami-Gadba [ss]

cumma pad on head for carrying /Naikri; : cumt.al carrying pad on head /Parji; sumt.al head-pad for carrying loads /Pottangi Gadba [ss]

*cum-ad headpad /Gondwan [ss]

*cumaR /Gondi; *simbori /Konda [ss]

*kum- to carry on head /North Dravidian [ss]

kum?na to take and carry on head, make oneself responsible for, confess, be pregnant as result of a fault /Kurukh; kume to take upon one's head, accept terms, take charge of /Malto [ss]

kub-e:n heavy /Brahui [ss]

Etruscan

cemu- burden, heavy; cemul heap, pile [az96]
cumn-, cumln- "burden, throng" [az96]

Indo-European

Italic

colman heap /Spanish

c.f. with Uralic above

cūmūlus -i heap, pile, mass; addition, increase, finishing touch /Latin

Slavic

čama tedium, depression, gloom, blues, apathy, listlessness /Serbo-Croatian
zamatati to wrap, envelop, do up, roll up; swaddle /Serbo-Croatian
zamot parcel, package, bundle /Serbo-Croatian
zamotati to wrap up, do up, envelop, roll up (in) /Serbo-Croatian

gomila multitude,crowd,mass,cluster,knot,mob,legion,host,horde,pile,heap /Serbo-Croatian
omot wrapper, envelope; parcel, package; zamot parcel, package /Serbo-Croatian
chumáč cluster /Slovak

zapar (onomat.) sound of a strong rain; zapar-rada (B,G,L,U) downpour /Basque
{also see Basque apar, habuin "foam".}

zápor downpour /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966), #80> [oi4]

Chadic

zubaa pour /Hausa; z@ pour /Tera

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 100 #1> [oi4]

Cushitic

Agaw

suwa rain /Kemant; suwa rain /Xamta; zuwa zowa pl zu'zow, zuw rain /Bilin; zowa rain /Xamir; suwa rain /Qwara

Cushitic, South

soho rain /Maa

Semitic

z?`b be full of water /Arabic

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 123 #2> [oi4]

Cushitic

Agaw

s#inbel storm wind /Qwara

Cushitic, East

dabail storm wind /Somali

Cushitic, South

tlubey downpour /Alagwa; tlubay downpour /Burunge; tluway downpour /Gorowa; tluw- rain, drip /Iraqw

Semitic

d!wp stream abundantly overflow /Proto Semitic

Omotic

doobi rain /Ari; doomo rain /Bana (Hamer); ts'e?'ina downpour /Chara; deebo rain /Dime; dobi rain /Karo

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 106 #> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

c#'ab- wet /Burji; c#'ap- /Harso; c#'ap- /Dobase; k'ap- /Gollango; k'ap- /Gawwada; c#'ap- /Gidole

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #352> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

d!ib fall, go down /Bedawiye, Beja

Agaw

d@bby fall /Bilin

Cushitic, East

d/ip- rain /Gawwada

Cushitic, South

dlub- , tlub- , lub- rain /Proto South Cushitic

Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 641a #2> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

zuwa zowa pl zu'zow, zuw rain /Bilin; zowa rain /Xamir

Semitic

znm rain /Geez

Cognate Set <Fleming (1988) , #56> [oi4]

Omotic

doobi rain /Ari; deebo rain /Dime; doob- , dub- , dob- rain /Hamer

Altaic/Turkic [glnp]

çabga downpour /Turkmen
∫abyrdamak to pour, flow, spread /Turkmen

Austric

awha heavy rain /Mäori [ng]
ua, ua tata downpour /Mäori [ng]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

saub (v.n.) raining, falling (rain); pouring forth water (a cloud); etc. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists the Persian as a loan from Semitic.Arabic.

shu'bub shower or sudden downpour of rain; the side of anything /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists the Persian as a loan from Semitic.Arabic.

csepp a drop; a bit; csöp-ög, csep-eg to drip /Hungarian

Uralic

*c'Vppe- to drip, a drip /FinnUgor

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic

dwb V /Aramaic [cal]

011 JLATg,JBA to flow, to drip 012 Syr to have gonorrhea 013 Syr to melt 014 Syr to flow down, to decay 021 Palestinian to wear away 022 Syr to make to flow 023 Syr to disturb 051 Syr to flow down, to decay 031 Palestinian,Syr to make to flow

LS2 144

dwb N dwb) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Palestinian,Syr gonorrheal flow 2 Syr flow of water 3 Syr hemorrhage 4 Syr catarrh 5 Syr headache 6 Syr distilling of wine 7 Syr %ddeb$A)% dripping honey 8 Syr %me$AyA)% menstruation

LS2 144

LS2 v: dawb.A) R dwb

$pk V /Aramaic[cal]

011 Palestinian,JBA to pour out, spill (tr.) 012 JLAGal to spill (intr.) 041 JLATg,JBA to be spilled (of blood) 042 Syr to be poured

LS2 795, J 1617

Cognate Set <Cohen (1947) , #341> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

t'@bb- drip, fall in drops /Bilin

Cushitic, East

tobb ya drip /Saho; d/imbiba drip /Oromo; c#'op- drip /Oromo

Semitic

t'ippaa drop(n) /Hebrew; ant!bt!b drip /Geez

Egyptian

dfdf drip /Old Egyptian; t_tf flow down /Old Egyptian

Chadic

d!igo drop /Hausa

Cognate Set < Ehret (1987) , #137> [oi4]

Bedawiye, Beja

s#efi is#af live on milk (Bedawiye, Beja)

Cushitic

Cushitic, Agaw

c#ab-, c#a"b- milk /Proto Agaw

tsaf, tsab milk /Awngi

Cushitic, East

c#'ob- drip /Proto East Cushitic

c#'afc#'afii swampy place where too much water has ... /Oromo

Cushitic, South

tyuf- trickle /Proto South Cushitic

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #618> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

t'ab (Ro) rain steadily (Bedawiye, Beja)

Agaw

t'@bb- drip, fall in drops /Bilin

Cushitic, East

d!ib- (Proto) rain /Dullay

Cushitic, South

dlub- , tlub- , lub- rain /Proto South Cushitic

lub*- rain /Dahalo

Altaic

habbe grain, seed /Turkish
tsubu a grain; a drop /Japanese

Indo-European

Slavic (????)

kap drop (of liquid); bead of sweat; seizure (fit, attack) of apoplexy; kapati to drip, dribble, ooze, leak, run, pour out in drops /Serbo-Croatian

kvapkanie drip /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

sabb pouring out; effusion; being smitten with love; a lover; flowing (water); victuals poured out /Persian [fjs]

A loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

thipa, thipa_ round mark, a drop (Or.iya_); the_va drop (Pali, Prakrit.); stip ooze, drip (Sanskrit) [sk]

zapata shoe /Basque

cipõ shoe(s) /Hungarian

Uralic

sabu shoe /Vogul -Ugrian; sob-ki shoestring /Ng

Officially, Hungarian cipő is from cipellő meaning "shoe" which is ultmately from Latin.[Chong]

You have to wonder just which Latin word is the alleged source when we have

sutor shoe-maker; calceus, solea (=slipper) shoe /Latin
crepida, solea sandal (also slipper) /Latin

Perhaps a cip-ő "shoe" is what one cip-el "drags, carries" on one's foot? After all, the literal meaning of cipellő is "one who carries, drags".

Sumerian

šuhub2 boots [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic

*ŝayp.- {} *ĉayp.- foot, sole of foot /Protoform [ss]

ŝe:pu, ŝe:pi:tu 'foot' /Akkadian [ss]

Egyptian

tjbw sandal-maker; tjbt sandal; sole (of foot) /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 120 #4> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

s#ib shoe (Bedawiye, Beja)

Agaw

s#anfi sole of the foot, shoe /Bilin; s#amba sandal. shoe /Kemant; s#afa heel, sandal /Qwara; tsaba sole of foot, shoe /Xamir; c#'ama shoe /Xamta; c#ammi (c#'R), c#am (h!) shoe, sole of foot /Awngi

Cushitic, East

c#obada shoe /Konso

Cushitic, South

is#iba shoe /Asa(x)

Semitic

s#u?`ubat- branch /Arabic; sa?`f rami foliaque palmae /Arabic; se?`i_p branch /Hebrew; s#e_pu(m) pes /Akkadian; s'ab foot /Sokotri; c#'amma shoe foot length of foot /Amharic

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*t'ąγwe-'n foot-wear, torbaz (обувь, торбаз) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN423]

*cąweri ~ *cąwari summer foot-wear (летняя обувь) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss; PN240]

cwεri /Chukchee; cwej (I) /Koryak; sare-wwi (Pl.) /Palan; cvari- /Alutor [ss]

*śfą-n /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN432]

sf-noŋ , Pl. sfŭ'n torbaz (торбаз) /Sedank dialect; š/sxin , švxin "caligae e pellis" /West Itelmen; sa'amut , sxanud Pl. "calceamentum factum e pellibus" /SIT [ss]

Altaic

*t`a:/ba/ foot, footwear /Altaic [ss]

*da:pan # foot, sole /Turkic [ss]

taban /Karakhanid; da:ban /Turkmen; tuban (Anatri) /Chuvash [ss]

*tabag foot, paw /Mongol [ss]

tabag| /Written Mongolian; tavag, tavxaj /Khalkha; tabgaj /Buriat; tawaG /Ordos; tawaG /Monguor [ss]

*tabu- fur footwear /Tungus [ss]

tawur, taubun /Evenki; te:wun /Even [ss]

*ta\mp(u)î a k. of socks /Japanese [ss]

ta\b(j)i/ (Old Japanese); ta/bi (Tokyo); ta\bî (Kyoto); tabi/ (Kagoshima) [ss]

Ainu

keri shoe [sm]

Dravidian

*k^erp- sandal, shoe /Dravidian [ss]

*kerVp- South Dravidian [ss]

ceruppu sandal, slipper, shoe /Tamil; cerippu sandal, slipper, shoe /Malayalam; kera, keravu, kerahu, kerpu sandal, slipper, shoe /Kannada [ss]

*kerv sandal, slipper, shoe Nilgiri [ss]

kevr /Kota; kerf /Toda [ss]

*cepp- sandal, slipper, shoe /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: ceppu [ss]

*k^erp- shoe, sandal /Kolami-Gadba [ss]

kerri "shoe" /Kolami; kerri "shoe, boot" /Naikri; keri (pl. -gu), kerig "shoe, slipper" /Naiki; cerup, cerpu "sandal" /Parji [ss]

*serp- (*c-) shoe, sandal /Gondwan

*serp- shoe, sandal /Gondi [ss]

sarpum /Betul-1; sarpo /Mandla; sarpu (pl. -hk) /Betul-2; harpunj (pl. harpuhk) /Muria; erpunj (pl. erpusk) /Maria; erpum /Koya; harpunj /Maria; serpum /Adilabad; herpunj /Dorli [ss]

sepu shoe /Kond.a [ss]

*cep-u shoe Kui-Kuwi [ss]

seppu: , cepunga "sandals", seppu /Kuwi [ss]

*karp- straps (without sole) crossed over and worn round the ankle /North /Dravidian [ss]

kharpa: Kurukh [ss]

Indo-European

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

č∂b∂v men's sandals (of leather) /Baluchi [mab]
č∂v∂TT men's leather sandal. /Baluchi [mab]

chabha sandals /N. Baluchi [mld]
sawás Baloch sandals, made of the leaves of the dwarf palm /N. Baluchi [mld]

Italic

sabata shoe /Occitan; zapato shoe /Spanish

crepida sandal; calceus, solea (=slipper) shoe /Latin
sŏlěa, -ae a sandal; a kind of letter; a shoe for an animal; a fish, the sole /Latin
sutor shoe-maker /Latin
pes foot; solum, planta sole of the foot /Latin

Slavic

cipela shoe, boot /Serbo-Croatian
zaobuť shoe /Slovak

Russian [rh]

chobot/chebot boot(s)

These Russian words are of Turkish origin (ultimately from Persian) according to [rh]

sapogi were the major type of boots, for the years 1600-1722.

The singular form, sapog is found in Old Church Slavonic and seems to have closer affinity to Finnish than other possible origins.

also c.f. cipők (plural) shoes /Hungarian

sarú (archaic) shoe, sandal /Hungarian

Altaic

c'ar-ik shoe /Turkish

Caucasian

*t.yrix|V a k. of foot-wear /Proto North Caucasian [ss: 1498]

*t.yx|:V-lV (~-i-,-G|-) boot sole /Proto Tsezian [ss: 690]

Bezhita: t.ix|la

*t.yryx| 1 leathern foot-wear 2 soft slippers for children /Proto Lezghian [ss: 984]

Lezghi: t.irix|-ar 1; Tabasaran: t.irx| 1; Agul: t.irix| 2

An interesting Tsez.-Lezg. isogloss (unfortunately, attested only in a few languages) [ss]

Indo-European

Slavic

charki / chary was another Turkish word for 'shoe(s)' borrowed by the Russians, most commonly in Siberia [rh]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

shur a shoe /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

caraNatra `" foot-saver "' , a shoe /Sanskrit

Sumerian

èsir shoe, sandal [jh]

zapi (B,G,U) cloth /Basque

Uralic

*ŝäNge(-) weave,wrap /F.U.; siotta to weave /Finnish

csip-ke lace << ? csip to pinch, snip out areas of something like cloth./Hungarian
szabó tailor < szab to cut out material, szab-ja < szab-ol /Hungarian

szö to weave; szöv-et cloth, material /Hungarian

Hungarian sző, szöv- plot; spin, weave are officially from FU.

*s'eng3, etc. hair (Proto FU) [Chong]

zsib-vásár rag fair; second-hand market /Hungarian

szötes woven things /Hungarian

Sumerian

sita4 to bind, band,tie; zar5 to spin, twine
ze cut, shear; ŝerim part of a loom

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

subatu material, cloth /Akkadian

Altaic

*su:bi to tie, bind /Altaic [ss]

*sub-luk (*syb-luk) horse's bit /Turkic [ss]

suluq /Turkish [ss]

*soji- to tie up a horse, to keep a horse tied /Mongolian [ss]

*su:b- 1 to untie 2 to tie, bind 3 string, rope 4 to unwrap 5 harness strap /Tungus [ss]

su:we- 4, sopti.n- 2 /Negidal; su- 1, subexe 3 /Manzhu; sopsi.n- 2, soptan|Gi. 3 /Nanai; supsien- 2, su.ptan|Gi. 3 /Ulcha; su:- 2 /Orok; hu:- 1, huhtin| 3, (Arm.) sovar 5 /Even; su:v- 1, suptilgi 3 /Evenki [ss]

Tungus

cobto rags, shreds; to shreds /Manchu [as]
jibehun bedding quilt /Manchu [as]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*chąwet- ? dual clothing; to sew clothing 1 ( двойная одежда; шить одежду 1) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN332]

cą'wąt , -cwąt (I) /Chukchee; (c)hąwenni- 1 /Koryak [ss]

Dravidian

s'aba cloth, clothes /Kannad.a [sk]

caval.i cloth, piece-goods (Tamil); any cloth (Malayalam); javal.i cloth of any kind (Kannad.a); cloth (Tulu); cloths, drapery (Telugu) [sk]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

sa^ban-on, to, linen cloth or towel

Italic/Latin [lsj1]

sabănum a linen cloth for wiping, wrapping up in, etc.; a towel, napkin

{Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary}

Celtic

Gaelic gibeach hairy, gibeag, a rag, bundle, Irish giobach, giobóg, and giob, tail, rag, Old Irish gibhne, cirrus: [mcb]

Slavic

čip-ka lace (-ka diminutive) /Serbo-Croatian
čipka lace /Slovak

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

chapan, chuppan tattered garments /Persian [fjs]

Yuki

ši·p- sew2; ši·pe to sew [y84]

zati (C) part, portion, piece /Basque

szé-t asunder, apart; szét-oszt to apportion /Hungarian

Sumerian

ze cut, shear; zig, zi go out, uproot, expend, rise, partition [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic

śţţ to tear apart, split /Semitic Root [ahd]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #170> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

s#etit(R) tear to pieces/cut up (Bedawiye, Beja)

Cushitic, South

c#'at- cut down /Proto Rift

Altaic

Turkic

çat split, crack, crevice /Turkmen [glnp]

Japanese

zuta-zuta into shreds, to pieces; -zutsu little by little

Indo-European/Celtic

se- apart /Gaulish [cg1]

széttép to tear to pieces; to dismember /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian consists of szét "apart,asunder" + tép "to tear,rip"

Afro-Asiatic

stp dismemberment, ruin; cut up (ox OK) /Egyptian [cgj]

sze-l to slice /Hungarian

Uralic

*s'ele slice /Ugor

? zsilip sluice, dike lock /Hungarian

Sumerian

sila, sil; síl, zil; si-il to cut into; to divide [jh]
si-il to split; to tear apart; to go away, absent oneself [jh]

Sino-Tibetan

*z|il/ divide, split /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

gsil to cut to pieces, to divide, to split. /Tibetan [ss]

z|en2 to clip, shear /Kachin [ss]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Greenberg (1963) , #2> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

sal sharp (Bedawiye, Beja)

Agaw

sil knife /Xamir; selau sharp /Qwara

Chadic

salo cut /Ngizim; siil cut /Gulfei; hal stab /Buduma; zala arrow /Balda; sellam arrow /Mofu; suil knife /Gisiga; saalu knife /Barein

Altaic

`alu to cut /Altaic [ss]

*čal- /Turc
*čali /Mongol
čal- /Tungus
*tuà /Japanese [ss]

*c^e:\lV to split, hole, crack /Altaic [ss]

*dil- to split, cut in slices /Turkic [ss]

til- /Old Turkic; dil /Turkish; dilim /Azeri; dil- /Turkmen; c^@l- /Chuvash [ss]

*c^ilu"g|e space between, leisure /Mongolian [ss]

c^ilu"ge /Written Mongolian; c^olo (SH) /Middle Mongolian; c^o"lo": /Khalkha; c^o"le|:n /Kalmuck; c^ule: /Dagur; c/oloG 'enfonceurent' /Monguor [ss]

*z^|e:lge crack, narrow passage /Tungus [ss]

z^|elge~ /Nanai; z^|e:lge /Evenki [ss]

*sala to be separated /Altaic [ss]

*sal(u)- to become separated; to branch off /Mongolian [ss]

salu- /Written Mongolian; sala- /Khalkha; sal- /Kalmuck; sala-; sala: 'branch' /Dagur; sal-, sala 'branch' /Monguor [ss]

*salga- interval between legs 2 cross-road /Tungus [ss]

salga 1 /Negidal; salz^|a 2, sarg/a 1 /Manzhu; salGa~ 1 /Nanai; salda(n) 1 Orok; ha:lgú. 1 /Even; salgan 1 /Evenki [ss]

Dravidian

*sel- to split, crack /Dravidian [ss]

*sel-ai (*c-) crack /South Dravidian [ss]

sele\ chink, crack, flaw as in a stone /Tulu [ss]

*sel- (*c-) to cut /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: selagu; Dialect forms (1): selayu [ss]

*cal-q- to open; to split /North Dravidian [ss]

calxna: "to open, uncover" /Kurukh; calge "to split, or break open" /Malto [ss]

cal-[e:ng]ing to become cracked, split /Brahui [ss]

*cil.- branch, bifurcation /Dravidian (Number in DED: 2587) [ss]

*cil.- branch, bifurcation /South Dravidian [ss]

cilla (Tiyya, Calicut) small branch of a tree /Malayalam; cil.l.e bifurcation, a fork (as that formed by two branches) /Kannada; gellu. (?) (B-K) branch, twig /Tulu [ss]

*Sil branch of a tree, tine of antlers, tributary of river /Nilgiri [ss]

cil /Kota [ss]

*cil.l.- bifurcated /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: cil.l.a (B)
Derivatives: Also cil.l.u a fork (as that formed by two branches) [ss]

*SeL- (*z^|-) branch /Kolami-Gadba [ss]

cella, jella "branch, bough" /Parji [ss]

cf. Hungarian gally "twigs, branches, loppings"

Etruscan

zal, zel, za-, zl, esal, esal-s, esl, eśl two [am91, cb, lb, pa, dep, gzb]

Indo-European

Reconstruction

see *del, *dele "to split" /PIE [pa]

Germanic

and also see German Zahl "number" [pa]

Muskogean/Eastern

chałka 1. to be split, sliced [/chał (af)-ka1] 2. strip of leather, leather thong /Alabama [tm]
chałłi to split (plural objects or repeatedly), cut off slices /Alabama [tm]

Yuki

sil tear, rip [y84]

zikin (C) dirty, filthy; spot, filth, dirt; zikindu to get dirty, soiled; to get (something) dirty /Basque
zikin-keria (C) disgusting act, atrocious act; licentiousness, lustful, sexual misbehaviour /Basque

Uralic

szégy-el to be ashamed; szégy-en shame /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian szégy- is of unknown origin. [Chong]

Sumerian

azag taboo [jh]
uzug 2,3,4,5 person under a taboo, etc. [jh]

Dravidian

*cigg- shame /Dravidian [ss]

sigga_l.i a person who is ashamed, a bashful person; siggiga a daitya or ra_kshasa (Kannad.a); seggu reproach, censure (Telugu); siggondu, sigga_gu to feel ashamed, to become bashful (Kannad.a) (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

cikku modesty, shame (Tamil); cig shame, self-respect (Kota); sig shame (Toda); siggu shame, decency, modesty, bashfuless, timidity, disgust; sigga_l.i a person who is ashamed, a bashful person (Kannad.a); siggu shame, disgrace, dishonour, bashfulness, shyness, coyness, modesty; siggari one who is ashamed, bashful or shy (Telugu); fem. siggarikattiya (otte); siggaritanamu bashfulness, shyness, shamefacedness (Telugu); siggar-u to have no shame; siggi_d.i a shameless or brazen-faced person (Telugu); sig shame (Gondi); sigu id. (Kond.a); siku, sigu id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2500).[sk]

eggu, heggu shame, feeling of disgrace, blame, harm; eggul.i a bashful person, a rustic or low person; egga a rude, rustic, stupid, or low man; eggul.itana shame, bashfulness (Kannad.a); eggu harm, evil, mischief, shame, disgrace, blame; eggincu to disregard, slight, wrong, injure; egga_d.u to find fault with, blame, reproach, revile, abuse (Telugu)(DEDR 776). [sk]

Indo-European

Celtic

?? Gaelic sgeamh severe or cutting language, Irish sgeamhaim, I scold, reproach: *skemo-; Norse skamma, to shame, to scold, English shame, sham? The word sgeamh also means "a disgust" in Gaelic. [mcb]

zirimiri sprinkle, drizzle /Basque

Basque

Dr. Larry Trask calls such words 'm-reduplications' which he says are more often constructed out of thin air, because of their appealing sound. He stresses that /m/ is *very* frequent in expressive formations in Basque, probably because of its very rarity in the earlier language. [ryan1]

Uralic

szór sprinkle, disperse /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian szór is of Turkic origin. [Chong]

Sumerian

šár, sár dispersed in all directions, totality, world [jh]

Niger-Congo (?)

caari (v.) to scatter /Mandinka [pc1]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

swr scatter, spread /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

Semitic

Hebrew

Zeruwa` that which is sown, sowing, thing sown

(Old Testament Strong No. 2221)

Zara` to sow, scatter seed (a) (Qal) 1. to sow; (2) producing, yielding see; (b) (Niphal) 1. to be sown; (2) to become pregnant, be made pregnant; (c) (Pual) to be sown; (d) (Hiphil) to produce seed, yield seed

(Old Testament Strong No. 2232)

Zera`seed, sowing, offspring (a) a sowing; (b) seed; (c) semen virile; (d) offspring, descendants, posterity, children; (e) of moral quality - a practitioner of righteousness (fig.); (f) sowing time (by meton

(Old Testament Strong No. 2233)

Zaraq to scatter, sprinkle, toss, throw, scatter abundantly, strew; (Qal) to scatter, sprinkle, toss; (Pual) to be sprinkled

(Old Testament Strong No. 2236)

Aramaic [cal]

zwr( N zwr()

1 Syr sowing

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zuwrA(A)

zrw( N zrw()

1 passim sower

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zArow(A)

zr( V

011 passim to sow 012 Syr to beget 013 Syr to scatter 041 Syr to be sown 042 Syr to be disseminated 043 Syr to be scattered 031 JLATg to bring forth seed 032 Syr to scatter seed

LS2 207 J 414

zr( N zr()

1 passim seed 2 passim sowing 3 passim offspring, family 4 JLATg semen

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zar(A)

zr(#2 N zr() 1 JLATg,Syr sowing

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zrA(A)

zr(n N zr(t) 1 Syr sowing

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zar:(AtA)

Cognate Set <Hayward (1988) , #6> [oi4]

Omotic

zer- seed, sow /Proto Ometo
zer- seed, sow /Ari

Austro-Asiatic

tirr.i to sprinkle (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Ainu

cari to throw, to scatter [sm]

Altaic

sob- (Altai, Khakass); savur- (Chagatai, Osman, Turk - Kashgari); sõvõr (Chuvash); suïr (Tatar) [Chong]

çarp to multiply /Turkish

Dravidian

si_r-umbul. being scattered, sprinkled, etc. (Kannad.a); ci.rl (to rain) in a drizzle (Kota); si.r spray (Toda); si_r-u to be scattered, be sprinkled, fly about; si_r-pani spray or fine drops of water (Kannad.a); cir-umu to fling, throw; ji_ria_ fountain (Telugu); sir.k to sprinkle water (Telugu); si_rpa (si_rt-) to shake out, sprinkle; n. act of sprinkling, shaking out; sir.si giva to sprinkle (Kui)(DEDR 2640). [sk]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

zar` (v.n.) sowing, scattering seed; seed; a sown field. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

zarra` a sower, farmer; -- zurra` (pl. of zari`) sowers /Persian [fjs]

ziri-tu (C) to block /Basque

Uralic

zár (v.) to lock; (n.) a lock; el-zár to block, "shut away", lock /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian zár is derived from závár "bar", "bolt", "lock" which is supposed to be of Slavic origin. [Chong]

Sumerian

sur (v.) to delimit, bound, divide; (n.) a garden plant; rushes; chaff, chopped straw [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 304 #1> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

eseer pen (Bedawiye, Beja)

Cushitic, East

ijaar build /Oromo; hut'a enclosed area hedge /Sidamo; ijaar(-ki) pen /Somali; oot'a fence /Hadiyya

Semitic

h!z!r penned-in area /Proto Semitic

Altaic

*sar/o fence, village /Altaic [ss]

*sor/ak village /Turkic [ss]

sozaq ( ~ -u-) /Old Turkic [ss]

*siro"ge 1 fence 2 muzzle /Mongolian [ss]

siru"ge Written Mongolian; ŝo"ro"g /Khalkha; ŝo"rg@ /Kalmuck [ss]

*saru- 1 a sit in boat made like a tent 2 fence /Tungus [ss]

sa:ru.(n) 1 /Ulcha; sari.(n) 1, saru.qa 2 /Orok [ss]

*satua home village /Japanese [ss]

satwo /Old Japanese; sato /Tokyo [ss]

Caucasian

*h|az|_a:rV enclosure, wattle-fence /North Caucasian [ss]

*z|?_a:ra 1 wattle-fence 2 wattle /Nakh [ss]

z?|a:ra 1 /Chechen; z?|ar 1 /Ingush; zar 2 /Batsbi [ss]

*?ac.:ar ( ~ hI-) enclosure, pen /Lezghian [ss]

at:ur /Tabasaran; ad:ar /Rutul [ss]

Dravidian

ta_r..-p-pa_l. bolt, bar (Tamil); ta_r.. bolt, bar, latch, blocks in a wall to support beams (Tamil) (DEDR 3179) [sk]

(1) Indo-European

Celtic

serr closed /Breton [gp]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

zurafin a bar, a bolt; the ring of a door-post for fastening a door /Persian [fjs]
zurfin a bolt or ring of a door /Persian [fjs]

(2) Indo-European

Italic

sĕra, -ae a bar, bolt /Latin [Cassell's]

[ahd] tentatively suggests that this might derive from "that which aligns" that is, it might be related to Proto Indo-European *ser-2 "to line up". [Check out Hungarian sor "row, line"]

zitu (LN,U) (n.) fruit (of a harvest) /Basque

szed to collect, gather, raise; to pluck, pick (fruit, flower) /Hungarian
szed-és gathering, plucking; the "fruit" of the harvest /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian szed is 'possibly' of F-U origin.

? s'in'd'ems to break apart, break away/off, break down (Erzya); s'in'd'@ms id. (Mokša) [Chong]

Sumerian

šita (4), èšda; šid 3,4,5 (n.) band; bond, tie (v.) to bind; to be together; to join, link with; to couple (adj.) bound, intact [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

s.ed payment /Phœnician [cgj]

Altaic/Tungus

šodokû scoop-net; šodombi to scoop /Manchu [as]

Austro-Asiatic

sidi to collect or demand payment of dues other than rents; rinko sidia they collect debts; taka sidiya sen akana he has gone to collect money due to him (Santali.lex.) sad hondar a tax-gatherer (Santali.lex.) sadhu a certain class of Hindu mendicants (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Dravidian

se_dya cultivation, farming (Kannad.a); se_dyamu (Telugu) (DEDR 2811).[sk]

Indo-European

Greek

Greek sito-s "corn, wheat" resembles the Basque but is without an explanation within the frame of Indo-European [mo]

Slavic

žeti to reap, cut with a scythe /Serbo-Croatian
žito cereals, corn, grain /Serbo-Croatian
žatva harvest /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian/Avestan

sudkhor usurer /Pashto [tr]

Indo-Aryan

sa_dhu moneylender /Sanskrit [sk]

csőd-ít, csőd-ül to collect together, assemble, gather, crowd /Hungarian {/cs/ sounds like /ch/ in English}

Uralic

csőd bankruptcy, failure /Hungarian

One expert source believes Hungarian csőd and csődít possibly derive from the obscure word cserdít- "crack" (a whip) ? [Chong]

In other words we haven't a clue.

Sumerian

šita (4), èšda; šid 3,4,5 (n.) band; bond, tie (v.) to bind; to be together; to join, link with; to couple (adj.) bound, intact [jh]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

chidan to collect, gather /Persian [fjs]
chida gathered /Persian [fjs]

chinagh p.p. chitha, to pick up, gather, collect. P. chídan /N. Baluchi [mld]

zori (C) luck,fate,destiny; suerte (B,G) luck /Basque

Uralic

szer-encse luck; sor-s fate, destiny /Hungarian

_ír write /Hungarian

Sumerian

sar to write "it is written"; šer decide, decision

Altaic

sir write/Chuvas

servet riches, wealth. /Turkish

*z^are good, favorable /Altaic [ss]

*jara- /Turkic
*z^ari-n /Tungus
*ĉar /Korean
*do'ro'- Japanese [ss]

Basque

zori luck, fate, destiny

"This word is unusually interesting. It is attested in early texts as meaning `omen', and the great Basque linguist Michelena reconstructs the original sense as simply `bird'. Centuries ago it was a common practice to try to foretell the future by studying the flight of birds, and the Basque word for `bird' came to have the sense of `omen'. It is the palatalized form of this word, (t)xori, which is today the universal Basque word for `bird'." [lt]

suerte (B,G) luck < Romance?

Etruscan

šuri god of luck; šurte luck

(1) Indo-European

Italic/Latin

sors, sortis "a lot; a casting of lots; an oracular response, prophecy" [Cassell's]

[ahd] tentatively suggests that perhaps this might derive from "that which aligns" that is, it might be related to Proto Indo-European *ser-2 "to line up". [Check out Hungarian sor "row, line"]

(2) Indo-European

Slavic

sreća happiness; luck, good fortune; prosperity /Serbo-Croatian

Whites and Off-whites?

zuri (C), txuri (G), xuri white /Basque

sárga yellow /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian sárga is seen as a loan from Turkic.

Sino-Tibetan [ss: 1541]

*sy:r(H) yellow, bright (metal) /Proto Sino-Tibetan

Chinese *s@:r? bright and well-polished metal.; Tibetan: gser gold, ser yellow; Burmese: hrwij gold, LB *sruj ; Lushei: thi:r iron, KC *m?-thi:r

Kiranti: *se\l

Altaic

*sia:\jri white; yellow /Proto Altaic [ss: 2036]

*siaryg 1 yellow 2 white /Proto Turkic [ss: 95]

Old Turkic: s/aryg| (Orkh.), saryg| (OUigh.) 1 ; Karakhanid: saryg| (MK) ; Middle Turkic: saryg| 1 (Abush., Pav.C.) ; Turkish: sary 1 ; Azeri: sary 1 ; Gagauz: sary 1 ; Turkmen: sa:ry 1 ; Khaladzh: sa:rug| 'orange' ; Salar: sary 1 ; Sary-Yughur: saryg| 1 ; Tatar: sary 1 ; Kirghiz: sary 1 ; Kazakh: sary 1 ; Noghai: sary 1 ; Balkar: sary 1 ; Kumyk: sary 1 ; Karakalpak: sary 1 ; Uzbek: sariq 1 ; Uighur: seriq 1 ; Bashkir: hary 1 ; Khakassian: saryg| 1 ; Tuva-Tofalar: saryg 1 ; Altai: sary 1 ; Chuvash: ŝorú 2 ; Yakut: arag|as 1; ary: 'butter' ; Dolgan: ary: 'butter'

*sira yellow /Proto Mongolian [ss: 107]

Written Mongolian: sira ; Middle Mongolian: ŝira, seira:, ŝira> ; Khalkha: ŝar ; Buriat: ŝara ; Kalmuck: ŝar@ ; Ordos: ŝara ; Dongxian: ŝ@ra, ŝyra ; Baoan: ŝira ; Shary-Yoghur: ŝ@ra ; Monguor: s/ira ; Dagur: ŝara, ŝar, ŝari

*siaru:- 1 lightning, rainbow 2 light /Proto Tungus [ss: 212]

Evenki: se:^ru:-n 1 ; Manzhu: ŝari 2 ; Orok: se:^rro, si.ro 1

*ha>/i- white /Proto Korean [ss: 100]

Modern Korean: hi- ; Middle Korean: ha>/i-

*si\rua\- white /Proto Japanese [ss: 89]

Old Japanese: si\rwo\- ; Tokyo: shiro/i ; Kyoto: si/roi ; Kagoshima: ŝiroka

Basque

zuri (C), txuri (G), xuri white

Also has other connotations such as `lazy', `useless', and `hypocritical, sycophantic'. The Basque linguist Azkue has proposed that it derives from zur `wood', which is possible but uncertain. [lt]

szürk-ül "it is growing dusk"; szürk-ül-et twilight < szürke grey; ordinary, commonplace /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian szürke is derived from szûr id. which was possibly of F-U origin. [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

zrq A /Aramaic [cal]

1 Syr gray, blue

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zrAq

Caucasian

*sV>rV grey /North Caucasian [ss]

*sire(-n) grey /Nakh [ss]

sira /Chechen; sira /Ingush [ss]

*zerV ( ~ z:-,-l-,-y-,-@-) grey /Tsezian [ss]

zira /Tsezi; zara /Khvarshi [ss]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*cĩR- to grow grey, to turn yellow; grey, yellow 1 (сереть, желтеть; серый, желтый 1) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN229]

cer?ą-twe- /Chukchee; ce-qen 1 (II) /Koryak [ss]

Dravidian

sirkuni, tirkuni to fade, shrivel, become weak, lean, fall off; sirka_vuni, tirka_vuni to cause to fade, make lean, weaken; sirku fading, shrivelling, weakness; jurun:guni to hesitate, be reluctant;[cf. jan:ku to fear, hesitate (Telugu) [sk]

zuzi-tu to destroy, undo, ruin; to stomp, squash; to tread underfoot /Basque

Uralic

zú-z to pound, to crush /Hungarian

Sumerian

strike, damage, hurt, shake, demolish, raze, flatten, crush, blow; sig3,11 chopdown; ze cut, shear

Afro-Asiatic

czz to be(come) strong /Semitic Root [ahd]

cāzaz to be strong /Hebrew [ahd]

`zz, `z mighty /Phœnician [cgj]

Hurrian

zaš-e strength; zaš-gu- kill, strike dead, eradicate; zaš-ili powerful, strong, numerous; zaš-u- strengthen, increase /Hurrian [ryan]

Dravidian

azâz torture /Brahui

Etruscan

zusle, zuśle, zusle-i, zusleva, zuśleva, zusleva-i, zusleve, zuśleve, zuśleve-ś
"offering, sacrificial victim (animal)" [gzb, mp68, pa]; originally "blow by enemy" [az 96]
zusuzai, zusatu "Strike, Find, Gather" [az96]

Indo-European

Germanic

sûsl (n.) torment /Old English [sc1]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian/Avestan

zizz coarse, rough /Pashto [tr]

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Corrections and additions by Fred Hámori in red.

Basque Dialects:-)

B = Biscayan (bizkaiera); G = Guipuzcoan (gipuzkoera)
L = Labourdin (lapurdiera); LN = Low Navarrese (benafarrera)
Z = Souletin (zuberoera, xiberoera); U = Unified Basque (Euskara Batua)
C = common to five or more dialects

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Last updated 25 June 2008