magyar9

Magyar
Word List
CSI-CSO

List is approximately in English alphabetical order not Hungarian.

Pinch, limit, reduce

csíp to pinch, peck sting; csip-ked to peck, pinch etc. {/cs/ similar to English /ch/} /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian csíp is possibly of FU origin. [Chong]

*c'Vppe to pinch, snip out /FinnUgor

Sino-Tibetan

*c/i>p (~ z|/-) cluster together, crowd /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "to bow, salute" [ss]
yi 1 Modern (Beijing) < ?jip Middle Chinese < ?ip Old Chinese [ss]

c/ip be set or placed close together. Burmese [ss]

Altaic

*č`abo to pinch /Altaic [ss]

*čibka /Mongol
*čaba- /Tungus
*čūb- /Korean [ss]

*z^|ip`o to clutch, pinch (with fingers) /Altaic [ss]

*z^|ig|u-ra to cling to, clutch, squeeze, knead /Mongolian
*z^|ip 1 to be pinched, stopped (as a saw in the wood) 2 to stick into, stop up 3 dense(ly) /Tungus
*c^i\p- 1 to pick up, pinch 2 tongs, tweezers /Korean
*@\-d@\(m)pi finger /Japanese [ss]

*č`ěp`o small, narrow /Altaic [ss]

*čibda- /Mongol
*čip[u]- /Tungus
*čňp- /Korean
*tìpì-sà- /Japanese [ss]

*ŝiabu small, narrow /Altaic [ss]

*seb-re- to diminish /Turkic

sevre- /Old Turkic [ss]

*sag|a- to diminish /Mongolian [ss]

see Hungarian szeg,szegény,zsugor "cut,poor,miser etc."

*ŝobo- ( ~ -p-) narrow /Tungus [ss]

*ĉ`i/p`u to press, stuff /Altaic [s]

*ĉip 1 to press (with fingers) 2 to squeeze, press 3 to stuff, stick /Tungus [ss]

ĉipixet- 1, ĉi.pi.xi.la- 2, ĉi.pĉi.- 3 /Negidal; ĉibu- 3 /Manzhu; ĉi.p /Nanai; ĉi.pĉu.- 3 /Even; ĉi:pĉi:- 3, ĉipka- 2 /Evenki [s]

*tu/(m)p@/-m- to stuff, press into /Japanese [ss]

tuboma- /Old Japanese; tsu\bome- /Tokyo [ss]

Indo-European

Slavic

щипать (shchipat') to pinch /Russian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

chapanidan to squeeze, compress /Persian [fjs]

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

ch'ep 'pinching, bite (as of a snake)'
ch'epe 'pinch, bite' (cl.?)
chip 'bit, biting'
ah chip 'any stinging insect'
chipi 'bit, sting' (cl.1)
chipir 'biting, stinging'

Quechua

chipay to press together; chipa disorder; bundle compressed and interweaved [q2]
chipty to pinch [q2]

Yuki

tcip squeeze out [y84]

csípő hip; something that pinches or is pinched together, waist /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian csípő is thought to derive from csíp "to pinch". [Chong]

{Hungarian digraph /cs/ similar to English /ch/}

Sumerian

sabad _(2,3), sad_2,3,4, šab, sab hips, loins; middle [jh] < pinched together ( -ed =deverbal suffix like Hungarian -t)

zib ₍₂₎ haunch etc. [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic

*ŝa/ipu:l- ~ ŝapil- {} *sa/ipu:l- ~ *sapil- lower parts of body; thigh, legs; belly, stomach /Protoform [ss]

ŝapu:lu, ŝapullu 'upper or inner thigh' /Akkadian [ss]

*ŝVbVr- {} *ĉVbVr- buttocks, hind parts, small of the back /Protoform

ŝuburru 'buttocks, rectum, anus' /Akkadian [ss]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 97 #1> [oi4]

Omotic

c#ubo hip /Kafa; c#'up'p'o calf /Mocha

Semitic

saarbaa calf /Tigre

Cushitic, East

sarba (pl. sarob) calf (leg) /Saho; sar(a)ba calf (leg) /Afar; sarba calf (leg) /Oromo

Cushitic, Agaw

harb (pl. harfu) calf /Bilin

Bedawiye, Beja

damba hip(-bone) calf

Ainu

cuporo belly [sm]
tap shoulder [sm]

Altaic

*si_ope rib, side /Altaic [ss]

*sabar 1 brisket with ribs 2 side /Turkic [ss]

*su"be- 1 side, flank 2 false rib /Mongolian [ss]

su"bege 1, su"bergen 2 /Written Mongolian; sube'e 'Lendenho"hlung, die Weichen' (SH) /Middle Mongolian; su"ve: 1, su"vreg 2 /Khalkha; su"we|: 'the two lower ribs' /Kalmuck [ss]

*subi- 1 false rib 2 rib gristles /Tungus [ss]

si.wi.na 1 /Negidal; sibexe 2 /Manchu; hi.wi.na 1 /Even; suwin 1 /Evenki [ss]

*so:p inner side /Korean [ss]

so:p /Middle Korean [ss]

*s@\pa/ side /Japanese [ss]

s(w)o\ba/ /Old Japanese; so/ba /Tokyo [ss]

Tungus

dabsi shoulder, hip, hip bone, shoulder bone /Manchu [as]

Dravidian

it.uppu the hip (Malayalam)(DEDR 448) [sk]

cappai hips, haunch, shoulder blade; ceppu hip; appu thigh (Tamil); cappe the hip bone; jabbe the outer side of the thigh (Kannad.a); jabba shoulder, outer side of the thigh (Telugu); jabba shoulder (Parji); jaba, in: at.a jaba shoulder (Gondi); zeba id. (Kond.a) (DEDR 2339). [sk]

Indo-European

Albanian

cup; sup shoulder [bd]

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

s/u/pti- `shoulder' /Sanskrit [bd]

Muskogean/Eastern

ittabi leg, legs; lower legs; lap /Alabama [tm]

Yuki

so'-pus, s.op'is. shoulder₂ [y84]
k'i·p , k'ip belly₁, stomach [y84]
ch'ēp' belly₃ [y84]

szab- to cut, chip out; to check, limit, reduce; sew /Hungarian
szablya saber /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian szab is officially of unknown origin.

cˆup- (Udmurt) [Chong]

While szablya is one of those rare words that are grudgingly acknowledged to have been borrowed by some European languages from Hungarian.

{Hungarian digraph /ly/ sounds like English /y/ in /yes/}

Sumerian

šab (v.) to subtract, deduct; to bite off; to snip out, chip out; to fall out, disappear; to apportion (lots); to gather up (portion + divide) [jh]

šub to cast, throw, remove, throw out

Altaic [from Chong]

Turkic

šap- cut; hit (Chuvash)

Mongol

salba- cut down (Classical Mongol)

Sino-Tibetan

*ca>p cut, trim /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

gcab to cut small, to chop. /Tibetan; ĉap to trim or adze into a plank /Lushei [ss]

*[c/]ep tear, break /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

c/hab rent, torn, worn-out, ragged. /Tibetan; ŝep² be torn, (H) @ŝep to tear. /Kachin; ĉip (ĉi?) be reduced to small parts. /Lushei; z^|i/p to crush /Lepcha [ss]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

s'b castrate /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #133> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

s#ebbak tear to pieces (Bedawiye, Beja)

Cushitic, East

c#'abak'- talk unclearly/talk with impediment /Oromo

Cushitic, South

c#ubuq- split wood /Burunge
tsubaq- slash /Alagwa

(1) Indo-European << Hungarian szablya

Germanic

saber /English
Säbel /German

Slavic

сабля (sablya) saber /Russian
sablja /Serbo-Croatian
sabia /Bulgar

(2) Indo-European

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

shabla a short spear, a javelin /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Hindi.

(3) Indo-European

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

zabh (v.n.) cleaving, splitting, sacrificing /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

tzehp (from cep) 'a chip, a part cut away'

tzep 'a cutting, a chipping'
tzepe 'cut, chip, cut in two' (cl.1)

csip-ke lace << ? csip to pinch, snip out areas of something like cloth./Hungarian
szabó tailor < szab to cut out material, szab-ja < szab-ol /Hungarian
szö to weave; szöv-et cloth, material /Hungarian
zsib-vásár rag fair; second-hand market /Hungarian

Uralic

*sä_nge- to weave, wrap /FinnUgor
sitoa to weave /Finn

Hungarian sző, szöv- plot; spin, weave are officially from FU.

*s'eng3, etc. hair (Proto FU) [Chong]

Sumerian

sita₄to bind, band,tie; zar₅to spin, twine
ze cut, shear; ŝerim part of a loom

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

subatu material, cloth /Akkadian

Altaic

*su:bi to tie, bind /Altaic [ss]

*sub-luk (*syb-luk) horse's bit /Turkic [ss]

suluq /Turkish [ss]

*soji- to tie up a horse, to keep a horse tied /Mongolian [ss]

*su:b- 1 to untie 2 to tie, bind 3 string, rope 4 to unwrap 5 harness strap /Tungus [ss]

su:we- 4, sopti.n- 2 /Negidal; su- 1, subexe 3 /Manchu; sopsi.n- 2, soptan|Gi. 3 /Nanai; supsien- 2, su.ptan|Gi. 3 /Ulcha; su:- 2 /Orok; hu:- 1, huhtin| 3, (Arm.) sovar 5 /Even; su:v- 1, suptilgi 3 /Evenki [ss]

Tungus

cobto rags, shreds; to shreds /Manchu [as]
jibehun bedding quilt /Manchu [as]

Basque

zapi (B,G,U) cloth

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*chąwet- ? dual clothing; to sew clothing 1 ( двойная одежда; шить одежду 1) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN332]

cą'wąt , -cwąt (I) /Chukchee; (c)hąwenni- 1 /Koryak [ss]

Dravidian

s'aba cloth, clothes /Kannad.a [sk]

caval.i cloth, piece-goods (Tamil); any cloth (Malayalam); javal.i cloth of any kind (Kannad.a); cloth (Tulu); cloths, drapery (Telugu) [sk]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

sa^ban-on, to, linen cloth or towel

Italic/Latin [lsj1]

sabănum a linen cloth for wiping, wrapping up in, etc.; a towel, napkin

{Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary}

Celtic

Gaelic gibeach hairy, gibeag, a rag, bundle, Irish giobach, giobóg, and giob, tail, rag, Old Irish gibhne, cirrus: [mcb]

Slavic

čip-ka lace (-ka diminutive) /Serbo-Croatian
čipka lace /Slovak

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

chapan, chuppan tattered garments /Persian [fjs]

Yuki

ši·p- sew₂; ši·pe to sew [y84]

csira germ, bud; hermaphrodite /Hungarian
sar-j issue forth, descendants; sarj-ad grow out, sprout /Hungarian
szir-om pestle?stamen of flowers /Hungarian

Uralic

s^ür-k germinate /Vogul
*c'Vre sprout??? /FinnUgor

Sumerian

šir testicles; šár to multiply, to mix, to be many [jh]

Dravidian

tiri tender leaf; tender nut (Kannad.a); a sprout, shoot, sprig, germ; the tender branch of a palm (Tulu)(DEDR 3247).[sk]

tal.ir sprout, tender shoot, bud (Tol. Po. 642); id. (Kannad.a, Malayalam); tal.ir-ttal to shoot forth, sprout; to put forth leaves (Ci_vaka. 545); to rejoice (Kampara_. Ta_n-aika_n.. 28); tal.irppu sprouting; enthusiasm, rejoicing (Kantapu. Vi_rapat. 39); tal.iriyal damsel tender as a sprout (Ci_vaka. 1147)(Tamil.lex.) tar..uval a handful of ears of grain; tar..aital to thrive, grow luxuriant, as plants (Kampara_. Cittira. 9)(Tamil.lex.) tar..ai (-v-, -nt-) to sprout, shoot forth, grow luxuriant (as plants); (-pp-, -tt-) to flourish, thrive, prosper (as a family, people, state); n. sprouting, sprout, shoot, twig, bough with leaves, peacock's tail, fan, a kind of garland; tar..aivu sprouting, shooting, germinating, foliage; tar..aippu flourishing, thriving (Tamil); tar.. shoot, green twig with leaves, royal umbrella; tar..ekka to shoot, sprout, thrive; tar..appu thriving condition; tar..appikka to make to thrive or prosper; ter..uku new leaves; ter..ukka (trees) bud, sprout, thrive (as a house after misfortunes)(Malayalam); dal.e, dal.i to become abundant as fruits, leaves, etc., on a tree, spread smallpox or itch over the body; dal.l.isu to spread widely, increase; tar..e parasol, umbrella (Kannad.a); dalga (dalgi-) to spread over a space, increase in extent, overspread, overcast; n. extention, a spreading over (Kui); trikking to sprout, protrude; trikk sprouting, shoot (Bra_hui_)(DEDR 3119).[sk]

sur..i tender sprout; sul.i, culi sprout; tel.elu mango shoot (Kannad.a); cul.i leaf shoot (Kod.agu); sul.i a tender shoot, germ or bud (Tulu); cule to sprout; culo blade of grass or corn (Malt.o); tul.ir- (-pp-, -tt-) to bud, sprout, shoot, put forth leaves, prosper, thrive; n. bud, sprout, young leaf, tender foliage (Tamil); a bud (Malayalam); tul.irkka to bud (Malayalam) (DEDR 3362). [sk]

ilir (-pp- -tt-) to stand erect as the hair stands on end from fright, etc.; sprout, germinate; cilir (-pp-, -tt-) to sprout, shoot, bristle as the hair on the body; cilir-cilir- to get goose-skin from intense emotion; ciluppu (ciluppi-) to bristle; cilumpu (cilumpi-) id., have an uneven surface by the rise of splinters, fibres, etc.; cilumpu, cilukku splinter or fibre rising on a smooth surface of wood (Tamil); sli_nga (sli_ngi-) to stand on end (hair)(Kui) [sk]

Indo-European

Greek

thallô sprout, grow, thrive, esp. of fruit-trees / of persons, states or conditions, bloom / of disease and the like , in bad sense, to be fresh, active /Classical Greek [lsj1]

Slavic

čir ulcer, tumour, abscess; pustule; furuncle; carbuncle boil, open sore /Serbo-Croatian

szór to sprinkle, scatter /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian szór is of Turkic origin. [Chong]

Sumerian

šár, sár dispersed in all directions, totality, world [jh]

Niger-Congo (?)

caari (v.) to scatter /Mandinka [pc1]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

swr scatter, spread /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

Semitic

Hebrew

Zeruwa` that which is sown, sowing, thing sown

(Old Testament Strong No. 2221)

Zara` to sow, scatter seed (a) (Qal) 1. to sow; (2) producing, yielding see; (b) (Niphal) 1. to be sown; (2) to become pregnant, be made pregnant; (c) (Pual) to be sown; (d) (Hiphil) to produce seed, yield seed

(Old Testament Strong No. 2232)

Zera`seed, sowing, offspring (a) a sowing; (b) seed; (c) semen virile; (d) offspring, descendants, posterity, children; (e) of moral quality - a practitioner of righteousness (fig.); (f) sowing time (by meton

(Old Testament Strong No. 2233)

Zaraq to scatter, sprinkle, toss, throw, scatter abundantly, strew; (Qal) to scatter, sprinkle, toss; (Pual) to be sprinkled

(Old Testament Strong No. 2236)

Aramaic [cal]

zwr( N zwr()

1 Syr sowing

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zuwrA(A)

zrw( N zrw()

1 passim sower

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zArow(A)

zr( V

011 passim to sow 012 Syr to beget 013 Syr to scatter 041 Syr to be sown 042 Syr to be disseminated 043 Syr to be scattered 031 JLATg to bring forth seed 032 Syr to scatter seed

LS2 207 J 414

zr( N zr()

1 passim seed 2 passim sowing 3 passim offspring, family 4 JLATg semen

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zar(A)

zr(#2 N zr() 1 JLATg,Syr sowing

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zrA(A)

zr(n N zr(t) 1 Syr sowing

LS2 207

LS2 v.: zar:(AtA)

Cognate Set <Hayward (1988) , #6> [oi4]

Omotic

zer- seed, sow /Proto Ometo
zer- seed, sow /Ari

Austro-Asiatic

tirr.i to sprinkle (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Ainu

cari to throw, to scatter [sm]

Altaic

sob- (Altai, Khakass); savur- (Chagatai, Osman, Turk - Kashgari); sõvõr (Chuvash); suïr (Tatar) [Chong]

çarp to multiply /Turkish

Basque

zirimiri sprinkle, drizzle

Dr. Larry Trask calls such words 'm-reduplications' which he says are more often constructed out of thin air, because of their appealing sound. He stresses that /m/ is *very* frequent in expressive formations in Basque, probably because of its very rarity in the earlier language. [ryan1]

Dravidian

si_r-umbul. being scattered, sprinkled, etc. (Kannad.a); ci.rl (to rain) in a drizzle (Kota); si.r spray (Toda); si_r-u to be scattered, be sprinkled, fly about; si_r-pani spray or fine drops of water (Kannad.a); cir-umu to fling, throw; ji_ria_ fountain (Telugu); sir.k to sprinkle water (Telugu); si_rpa (si_rt-) to shake out, sprinkle; n. act of sprinkling, shaking out; sir.si giva to sprinkle (Kui)(DEDR 2640). [sk]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

zar` (v.n.) sowing, scattering seed; seed; a sown field. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

zarra` a sower, farmer; -- zurra` (pl. of zari`) sowers /Persian [fjs]

csirke chicken [not hen or rooster or turkey] (-ke diminutive) /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian csirke is believed to be a loanword from the Slavic [but very unlikely]

Sino-Tibetan

chiro chicken /Chinese

Altaic/Tungus

coko rooster; hen; quail; chicken /Manchu [as]

Caucasian

*ĉ.a">ku> / *ĉa">k.u> young (of animals), boy /North Caucasian [ss]

*ĉ.ik.a chicken /Dargwa [ss]

Indo-European

Reconstruction

*kerk- chicken /Proto Indo-European [cg2]

Slavic

ćurak turkey (-cock); ćurka turkey-hen /Serbo-Croatian
kura, kurča chicken /Slovak (yes this is like I.E. not Hungarian)

Indo-Iranian/Iranian/Avestan

tshérga hen; tsherg rooster /Pashto [tr]

tyúk hen /Hungarian {/ty/ vaguely similar to English /ch/}

Uralic

tik hen /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)

Altaic

*t`i_ak`e (~-a) hen /Altaic [ss]

*tiakygu hen, fowl /Turkic [ss]

taqyg|u /Old Turkic; taquq /Turkmen; c^úxú /Chuvash [ss]

*takija hen /Mongolian [ss]

takija /Written Mongolian; takija (SH) /Middle Mongolian; tax/a /Khalkha; taka:(n) /Kalmuck; taGau /Monguor [ss]

*tiako 1 hen 2 quail /Tungus [ss]

c^oqo /Manzhu; c^i.qo /Nanai; ti-ho /Zhurzhen; ta":qc^aqa 2 Even [ss]

Caucasian

*ĉ.a">ku> / *ĉa">k.u> young (of animals), boy /North Caucasian [ss]

*ĉ.ik.a chicken /Dargwa [ss]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

dik a cock; a hen; -- diki hindi, a turkey /Persian [fjs]

The Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

csobán shepherd (archaic) /Hungarian < Turkic < ?Iranic

Uralic

csaba "a personal male name" < "shepherd"

"In Hungarian mythology the youngest son of Attila (Etele) was called Csaba, which in Turkic and old Hungarian also meant shepherd, the "shepherd of the people". This legend is about the mythical guardianship he symbolizes for the people of Transylvanian Hungarians who treat him as their ancestor and guardian 'angel' in a loosely translated sense. The Transylvanian-Hungarian anthem even calls to him for his protection." [fh]

Csaba útja "Milky Way" /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)

Literally translated it means Csaba's road

Sumerian

sipad, sibad, sipa; šuba; sub_2,3(n.) shepherd; keeper; (v.) to pasture, tend [jh]

Altaic

çoban shepherd /Turkish

(assumed to be of Iranian origin)

Indo-European

Albanian

çoban , çobane shepherd

Romance

cioban shepherd /Rumanian

Slavic

čoban herd; (ovčar) shepherd; (govedar) herdsman /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

choban a shepherd; a horsekeeper /Persian [fjs]
goban, gopan a herdsman /Persian [fjs]

shoban shepherd, pastor, herdsman /Persian [fjs]

This one is from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

shuwan shepherd /Persian [fjs]

This one is from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

-cska, -cske litlle, small {diminutive suffix} /Hungarian

Basque

-ska small, little {diminutive suffix}
-xka small, little {diminutive suffix}

-ka, -ke little {diminutive suffix} /Hungarian

Basque

-ko little

Caucasian

*k.A> a suffix(diminutive or singulative) /North Caucasian [ss]

*-Vk. /Nakh [ss]

*-k.V a diminutive suffix /Andian [ss]

-k.o /Avar [ss]

*-k:(a) a diminutive suffix /Lezghian [ss]

-g / -k /Lezghi; -g /Tabasaran; -g /Rutul; -ng /Kryz; -ng /Budukh [ss]

*k.@ a morpheme denoting singularity /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

-k.(@) /Abkhaz; -k.(@) /Abaza; -k./(@) /Ubykh [ss]

Indo-European/Germanic

see similar German -chen little.small

Quechua

-cha little,small,few {diminutive suffix} [q2]

Gather, collect; assemble

csőd-ít, csőd-ül to collect together, assemble, gather, crowd /Hungarian {/cs/ sounds like /ch/ in English}

Uralic

csőd bankruptcy, failure /Hungarian

One expert source believes Hungarian csőd and csődít possibly derive from the obscure word cserdít- "crack" (a whip) ? [Chong]

In other words we haven't a clue.

Sumerian

šita ₍₄₎, èšda; šid _3,4,5 (n.) band; bond, tie (v.) to bind; to be together; to join, link with; to couple (adj.) bound, intact [jh]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

chidan to collect, gather /Persian [fjs]
chida gathered /Persian [fjs]

chinagh p.p. chitha, to pick up, gather, collect. P. chídan /N. Baluchi [mld]

szed to collect, gather, raise; to pluck, pick (fruit, flower) /Hungarian
szed-és gathering, plucking; "fruit of harvest" /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian szed- is possibly of F-U origin.

? s'in'd'ems to break apart, break away/off, break down (Erzya); s'in'd'@ms id. (Mokša) [Chong]

Sumerian

šita ₍₄₎, èšda; šid _3,4,5 (n.) band; bond, tie (v.) to bind; to be together; to join, link with; to couple (adj.) bound, intact [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

s.ed payment /Phœnician [cgj]

Altaic/Tungus

šodokû scoop-net; šodombi to scoop /Manchu [as]

Austro-Asiatic

sidi to collect or demand payment of dues other than rents; rinko sidia they collect debts; taka sidiya sen akana he has gone to collect money due to him (Santali.lex.) sad hondar a tax-gatherer (Santali.lex.) sadhu a certain class of Hindu mendicants (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Basque

zitu (LN,U) (n.) fruit (of a harvest)

Dravidian

se_dya cultivation, farming (Kannad.a); se_dyamu (Telugu) (DEDR 2811).[sk]

Indo-European

Greek

Greek sito-s "corn, wheat" resembles the Basque but is without an explanation within the frame of Indo-European [mo]

Slavic

žeti to reap, cut with a scythe /Serbo-Croatian
žito cereals, corn, grain /Serbo-Croatian
žatva harvest /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian/Avestan

sudkhor usurer /Pashto [tr]

Indo-Aryan

sa_dhu moneylender /Sanskrit [sk]

Faith, religion

csoda wonder, marvel [nt>d] /Hungarian
szid to curse /Hungarian (related to faith and worship!)
szit > hit = religion [ s- >h/ø is common in leading S !!] /Hungarian

Uralic

csüd horse's pastern, knuckle /Hungarian & Ugrian

Officially, Hungarian szid is of unknown origin!!!! [Chong]

sadatta-, sadattele- curse (Finnish); saat-, säät- bless; curse (Man's'i); šudala- curse; scold (Mari); s'udo- curse (Mordvin) [Chong]

Hungarian csoda is, of course, {you guessed it} seen as a loan from Slavic., even though there are many other external parallels.

Sumerian

zid faith, confidence, sanction, good, true, right (hand) ...
šùde, šùdu, šùd, šu₁₂ (n.) prayer, blessing; (v.) to pray, bless [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

štm (be) insolent; abuse (someone) /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Semitic

śţm to be(come) hostile, accuse /Northwest Semitic [ahd]

s(T /Aramaic [cal]

011 Syr to abhor 041 Syr to doubt 021 Syr to make hateful 022 Syr to be made hateful 023 Syr to be rejected 031 Syr to vituperate LS2 487

s.dq to be(come) just, righteous. /West Semitic [ahd]
sdg just, legitimate /Phœnician [cgj]

Altaic

*iudu wonder, supernatural /Altaic [ss]

*yduk sacred /Turkic [ss]

yduq /Old Turkic; jyryx /Chuvash; ytyq /Yakut [ss]

*id- 1 sacred energy, sorcery 2 female shaman /Mongolian [ss]

ide 1, idug|an, udug|an 2 /Written Mongolian; id 1, udug 2 /Khalkha; jadagan 2 /Dagur [ss]

*(x)odu wonder /Tungus [ss]

odu /Evenki [ss]

*i / *ju sacred, purified /Japanese [ss]

i, ju /Old Japanese [ss]

[Also with -tu in attributive function: i-tu-, ju-tu-.][ss]

Turkic

juda incredibly, extremely /Turkmen [glnp]

Austro-Asiatic

sidho clean, perfect, accomplished; to readmit to caste (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Dravidian

sadâ shout, call /Brahui

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

tethêpa poet. Verb, also used in Ion. and late Prose

1. intr., to be astonished, astounded, amazed
2. c. acc., wonder or be amazed at

Slavic

čudo miracle, wonder /Serbo-Croatian
čudovať sa, čudo wonder /Slovak
chudo miracle /Russian; `udo /Bulgar

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

jadu (Z. yatu, S. yatu-dhana), Conjuration, magic; juggling; a conjurer; metaphorically applied to the eyes and eye-brows of a mistress; -- jadu zadan, To exercise magic; to render magic or magicians ineffective; -- jadu kardan, To bewitch; -- zulfi jadu, Black hair. /Persian [fjs]

satt foul language; a vice, blemish /Persian [fjs]

From Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

sata commentary on the Zand;<-> sita (imp. of situdan, in comp.), praising, lauding; praise, benediction /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

siddha holy person (MBh.); sidhu holy man (Sindhi_); sidho, sido simpleton (Kumauni_); sidho fair, straightforward (Nepa_li); sidha_ honest (Bengali, Or.iya_); si_dh, si_dha_ (Hindi_); si_dhu~ straightforward (Gujara_ti_) siddhi established end, doctrine (MBh.); siddhanta doctrine (Pali); siddham.ta (Prakrit); siddha_nta established end, doctrine (MBh.); sidat conclusion, doctrine (Sinhalese). siddhi supernatural powers (Sa_m.khyak.); magic power (Prakrit); sed superhuman power (Ka_s'mi_ri_); sidhi_ miracle (Sindhi_); siddh straight course (Punja_bi_); si_dh, si_dhi_ straightness, direct line, aim (Hindi_); idi superhuman power (Sinhalese) [sk]

szent holy /Hungarian

Sumerian

sen clear, pure, polished, mirror

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*šiŋtą- holy, sacred (святой) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1171]

jiŋtą- /Koryak ; tiŋtą- /Alutor [ss]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

zen holy /Avestan

Bud, shoot, swelling, nodule; tuber; knot, heap, pile, bunch, cluster, load

csoma the nodule of the plague /Hungarian (got into neighboring tongues also)
gumó tuber, root, bulb, swelling /Hungarian

Sumerian

šum leek, garlic << a bulbous root

Altaic

*ĉ`iam[o] bud, bouquet /Altaic [ss]

*ĉemen 1 bouquet, bundle 2 a k. of grass (used for wrapping feet) /Turkic [ss]

ĉemen 1 /Turkmen [ss]

*ĉomurlag bouquet; bud /Mongolian [ss]

comorlog Khalkha [ss]

*ĉi:me, *ĉi:m-ĉikte 1 bud 2 cone 3 fir needle 4 grain, nut stone, kernel /Tungus [ss]

ĉimĉukte 2,3 /Negidal; ĉimĉikte 1,2 /Nanai; ĉimĉikte 1,2 /Ulcha; ĉipĉikte 1,3 /Orok; ĉi:me 4 /Evenki [ss]

Basque

kima (n.) shoot, sprout, bud (on a branch). (B,LN) (n.) mane (of a horse) (G)
kimu (B,G,U) (n.) bud, sprout, shoot

Dravidian

*gum- knob, boss; hump /Dravidian [ss]

*gum- knob; hump /South Dravidian [ss]

kumir knob (as of wooden sandals), stud, pommel, hump of an ox /Tamil; kumir.i boss, knob (as of wooden sandals); kuppi ferrule (e.g. on scabbard, horn of ox) /Tamil; kumir. knob, pommel; mushroom /Malayalam; kuppi brass knob on tip of bullock's horn /Malayalam; gubbi knob, protuberance /Kannad.a; kuppu, guppu an abnormal globular excrescence of the body; guba:ru swelling /Kannad.a; gubbi, gubbe\ stud, ornamental knob, button /Tulu [ss]

*gub- knob, boss, stud /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: gubaka; Derivatives: Also gubba id., protuberance, woman's breast; guburu protuberance; kuppe knob [ss]

*gom- hump of ox /Gondwan [ss]

koparam hump of bullock /Konda [ss]

*gom-er. hump of ox /Pengo-Manda [ss]

gomon. /Pengo; guper. /Manda [ss]

Notes: Different assimilations in both languages. [ss]

*kop-a hump, cow's hump /Kui-Kuwi

kopa /Kui

Notes: The reasons for such obviously irregular reflexation in all dialects except PPM are a) assimilations (*-m- > -p- through assimilation with *g-) and b) contamination with *kup- 'mound, hillock'. However, such forms as Pengo gomon. clearly point to a different root. There is also a strange Kuwi_Su form gu'u with an unclear glottal stop. Were it possible to trace it back to *gumu (?), the PK reconstruction should have been altered [ss]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

kuma, atos, to, (kuô) anything swollen (as if pregnant)

Slavic

gomolj bulb, tuber, knot /Serbo-Croatian

csom-ó knot; heap, pile, bundle; csom-ag bundle, package /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian csom- is thought to be of Finno-Ugrian origin. [see Chong]

*c'olme to tie, to bind /FinnUgor

solmi, solmu knot /Finnish; ĉuol'bmâ knot /Lappish; s'ulma bundle, knot /Mordvin; s'ulma bundle, knot /Mordvin [Chong]

c.f Indo-European/Italic Spanish colman "heap"

Niger-Congo (?)

saamu to pile goods for sale /Mandinka [pc1]
saam (n.) bunch, pile, heap /Wollof [pc2]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Hayward (1988) , #32> [oi4]

Omotic

c#'aan- load /Proto Ometo
c#'aan- load /Ari

Sino-Tibetan

*co:m (~ z|h-) bundle, sheaf /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "sheaf, bundle"
zong 1 Modern (Beijing) < cun| Middle Chinese < co:n| Old Chinese [ss]

chom bundle, bunch. /Tibetan [ss]

ĉom 1 to be drawn together, to be compressed, to be crossed one over another, to be crumbled as cloth 2 to be clustered /Lepcha [ss]

*c/o:m (~ z|/-,-u:-) thicket /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
*z|/o:m collect, bring with /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Altaic

*ĉ`omi stack, to stack /Altaic [ss]

*ĉu"mele stack, haystack /Turkic [ss]

ĉu"ma"la" /Tatar; s/@w|mele /Chuvash [ss]

*ĉomu 1 to collect, stack 2 haystack /Mongolian [ss]

comro- 1, comog 2 /Khalkha; ? con|x@ 'hillock' /Kalmuck; ĉumoG 'petite tente', c/omboG 'tas, meule' /Monguor [ss]

*ĉum- 1 to put into a stack 2 a wood stack /Tungus [ss]

ĉumĉe- 1, ĉumĉe /Evenki [ss]

*ĉ`iam[o] bud, bouquet /Altaic [ss]

*ĉemen 1 bouquet, bundle 2 a k. of grass (used for wrapping feet) /Turkic [ss]

ĉemen 1 /Turkmen [ss]

*ĉomurlag bouquet; bud /Mongolian [ss]

comorlog Khalkha [ss]

*ĉi:me, *ĉi:m-ĉikte 1 bud 2 cone 3 fir needle 4 grain, nut stone, kernel /Tungus [ss]

ĉimĉukte 2,3 /Negidal; ĉimĉikte 1,2 /Nanai; ĉimĉikte 1,2 /Ulcha; ĉipĉikte 1,3 /Orok; ĉi:me 4 /Evenki [ss]

Turkic

kume heap, mass, hut, hide /Turkish
ĉim bundle, knot (Chagatai) [Chong]

Tungus

comcok bunch, cluster /Manchu [as]
sumala bag, sack /Manchu [as]

Japanese

tsumaru (v.i.) to be packed; tsumeru (v.t.) to pack

Basque

zama (C) (n.) load, burden (physical or spiritual)

Caucasian

*cu>jmV ( ~ -o>-) thick, dense /North Caucasian [ss]

*st.am-u(n) /-i(n) thick, dense /Nakh [ss]

stomma /Chechen; soma /Ingush; st.ami /Batsbi [ss]

{see Akkadian somma 'thick' [ss]}

*=ic:V- thick /Andian [ss]

=ic:a/-ta- /Avar [ss]

c:un-s:a dense /Lak [ss]

*c:uma- dense /Dargwa [ss]

zuma-si /Akusha [ss]

*Gw@>mV dense /North Caucasian [ss]

*G|w|omV- ( ~ -a-) 1 dense 2 to be dense /Andian [ss]

G|un-k- 2 /Avar; G|w|amo-b /Karata [ss]

q:uma-s:a narrow, cramped /Lak [ss]

*q:(w|)amV- dense /Lezghian [ss]

G|aIm /Udi [ss]

*G|w|@m@ ( ~ Gw|-) thick (of objects with circular surface) /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

G|w|@m@ /Adyghe; G|w|@m /Circassian [ss]

*Gh_y>mbV (~-?|-) cluster, bunch /North Caucasian [ss]

*G|obu (~-a-) grape vine /Avaroandian [ss]

G|a/bu /Avar; G|abu /Akhvakh; G|ab /Chamalal [ss]

*x|omV ( ~ G|:-,-@-) a bunch of sheaves /Tsezian [ss]

G|oma /Bezhita [ss]

q:uImaj cluster, bunch (of grapes) /Lak [ss]

*q:ym- (~-u-) cluster, bunch /Lezghian [ss]

G|uma /Udi [ss]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*temHą heap, pile /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss]

*ta.mhV- heap, pile /Chukchee-Koryak [ss]

tε'p?ε-n, tε'pqε-n, /Chukchee; tamahąŋ /Koryak; tapuŋ /Alutor [ss]

*tam heap, pile /Proto Itelmen [ss]

'oj-tam 'funeral pile" /West Itelmen [ss]

Dravidian

*k^um- headpad; to carry (on head) /Dravidian [ss]

*cum- heavy; to carry /South Dravidian [ss]

cuma (-pp-, -nt-) to become heavy as debt or interest, be burdened; bear, support, carry a burden, take upon oneself, bear in the womb /Tamil; cema to carry; cummat.u burden, load, load pad for head; cumatalai, cumaitalai burden, responsibility; cumati load, burden, abundance; cumattu (cumatti-) to burden, load, impose; cumai bearing, burden, load; cumaiyan_ porter; cumma:t.u load pad for head; cummai burden, charge; cimpuri coil of straw used for keeping steady a vessel, load, etc., as on the ground or head /Tamil; cuma burden, load /Malayalam; cumakka to carry a burden; cumat.u, co:t.u burden, load; cumatala charge, duty; cumattuka to load, charge; cummal load; cumma:t.u pad for head to carry burdens; cummuka to bear, carry /Malayalam; simbi, simbe ring of cloth to be put under a vessel, etc., upon the head; a coil for setting a vessel on the ground; the coil of a snake /Kannad.a; tumbuni, tumbu, sumbu, humbu to bear, carry as a load; tumba:vuni to load; tumbon.uni, tummon.uni to bear or suffer, be patient /Tulu [ss]

*cum- carrying pad (pa:ta cloth); basic form: cumma; dialect forms (1): cumpa:ta /Telugu [ss]

*c/um- head-pad /Kolami-Gadba [ss]

cumma pad on head for carrying /Naikri; : cumt.al carrying pad on head /Parji; sumt.al head-pad for carrying loads /Pottangi Gadba [ss]

*cum-ad headpad /Gondwan [ss]

*cumaR /Gondi; *simbori /Konda [ss]

*kum- to carry on head /North Dravidian [ss]

kum?na to take and carry on head, make oneself responsible for, confess, be pregnant as result of a fault /Kurukh; kume to take upon one's head, accept terms, take charge of /Malto [ss]

kub-e:n heavy /Brahui [ss]

Etruscan

cemu- burden, heavy; cemul heap, pile [az96]
cumn-, cumln- "burden, throng" [az96]

Indo-European

Italic

colman heap /Spanish

c.f. with Uralic above

cūmūlus -i heap, pile, mass; addition, increase, finishing touch /Latin

Armenian

cˆim bunch; clod, lump (Old Armenian - Dorosmai) [Chong]

Slavic

čama tedium, depression, gloom, blues, apathy, listlessness /Serbo-Croatian
zamatati to wrap, envelop, do up, roll up; swaddle /Serbo-Croatian
zamot parcel, package, bundle /Serbo-Croatian
zamotati to wrap up, do up, envelop, roll up (in) /Serbo-Croatian

gomila multitude,crowd,mass,cluster,knot,mob,legion,host,horde,pile,heap /Serbo-Croatian
omot wrapper, envelope; parcel, package; zamot parcel, package /Serbo-Croatian
chumáč cluster /Slovak

gomb button; knob; gomb-oly-ag ball; skein, reel /Hungarian
gömb ball, orb, sphere; globe; gömb-öly-ű round, spherical /Hungarian
gomb-a mushroom (a hemispherical shape) /Hungarian
gub-ó cocoon; poppy-head /Hungarian (also from gömb) /Hungarian
kampo a crook, bent object; kampós hooked, crooked /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

*gV(m)bVt_- {} *gV(m)bVc^- hump (of an animal) /Protoform [ss]

(?) gips^u 'a deformation of part of the exta' /Akkadian
gbt_t 'morrillo; jiba, chepa' /Ugaritic
ga"b@s 'crook-backed' /Tigre
gumbus 'hunchbacked' (WOL) /East Ethiopia
gumbus (SOD), gumb@s do. [ibid.] (GOG ) /Gurage [ss]

*gab(V)b-, *gVb(b)-an- hump, hunch /protoform [ss]

gibna: 'hump'; gbynh, det. gbynth 'hump, hill' /Judaic Aramaic [ss]

Altaic

*ĉe\m(b)a round /Altaic [ss]

*z^|em- orbed, spheric /Tungus [ss]

z^|en|ge- /Negidal; z^|embeme /Evenki [ss]

*ti/nki/r- to swear /Japanese [ss]

ti/gi/r- /Old Japanese; chigiru /Tokyo [ss]

An expressive and not quite reliable Tung.-Jap. isogloss [ss]

*k`o/mp[e] fungus /Altaic [ss]

*ko"mbe, *ko"mbe-lek mushroom /Turkic [ss]

go"ba"la"k /Azeri; ko"melek /Turkmen; kúw|mba /Chuvash [ss]

*xum(p)- 1 soot 2 to soften 3 smth. rotten 4 softened birch bark 5 rotten birch /Tungus [ss]

umdus-umdus 3 /Negidal; x|omdo (Nkh) 4, xufe-kse (Bik.) 1 /Nanai; xume-sike 1 /Orok; umdu- 2, ubguĉe: 5 /Evenki

*ko:mph- 1 mould 2 to become mouldy /Korean [ss]

kom, komphan| /Modern Korean; ko:mphu/i- /Middle Korean [ss]

*ka/mp(u)i/ mould /Japanese [ss]

ka\bi /Tokyo [ss]

*gébo shell, husk /Altaic [ss]

*Ka.b- /Turc
*gawr-su /Mongol
*gub- /Tungus
*kò`ìi /Korean
*ká(m)pí /Japanese [ss]

*kampo to fold /Altaic [ss]

*kamki- /Mongol
*kamp- /Tungus
*kám- /Korean [ss]

Turkic

kabarik swollen, blistered, puffy /Turkish
güberçek protruding, bulging, convex; gübermek to swell up, inflate /Turkmen [glnp]

Dravidian

*gum- knob, boss; hump /Dravidian [ss]

*gum- knob; hump /South Dravidian [ss]

*gub- knob, boss, stud /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: gubaka; Derivatives: Also gubba id., protuberance, woman's breast; guburu protuberance; kuppe knob [ss]

*gom- hump of ox /Gondwan [ss]

koparam hump of bullock /Konda [ss]

*gom-er. hump of ox /Pengo-Manda [ss]

gomon. /Pengo; guper. /Manda [ss]

Notes: Different assimilations in both languages. [ss]

*kop-a hump, cow's hump /Kui-Kuwi

kopa /Kui

a_mpi, ampi common mushroom (Tamil); kumir.. mushroom /Malayalam); an.abe, an.ambe, al.ambe, a_l.ambe mushroom (Kannad.a); la_mbu, na_mbu mushroom, toadstool, fungus (Tulu); alambu, al.ambu mushroom (Tulu); armbi id. (Kor.ux) [sk]

(1) Indo-European [from Cheung]

Indo-European reconstruction:

*k(e)H2mp-, *kH2(e)mp- (*k(a)mp-) `to bend'

Greek

kömptw `to bend' [Cheung]

kamptô bend, curve; kampê, hê, (kamptô) (I) 1. winding, of a river 2. flexion, bending 3. curved part; (II) turning-post in a racecourse; (III) in Music, turn, sudden change - rounding off of a period; (IV) bend or flexure of a limb; kampsis, eôs, hê, (kamptô) bending; kamp-ullô bend, crook /Classical Greek [from ljs1]

Germanic

Goth. hamfs `kullXn' (Mark 9:43), OE ho:f `paralyzed in the hands', OSax. ha:f, OHG hamf `paralyzed', etc.

Baltic/East

Lithuanian kum~pti `to be crooked, bent', kam~pas `corner'

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

*kamp- to bend /Proto Iranian [Cheung]

Sogdian: (nomin.) CSogd. qmp- (f.) `strategem, ruse' ;

(+ *apa-) BSogd. pk'np- `to turn away, deflect' ; (+ *a:-) ? MSogd. ''kmb `to suppress, curb, restrain' (v. Sogdica 43.9, f.) ; (+ *ni-) BSogd. nk'np- `to bend; subdue'

Chorasmian: (+ *a:-) m|'kfs- `to be(come) bend, curved; to be lowered', (caus.) m|'knby- `to bend, curve'

(+ *ni-) m|nknby- `to sink down'

New West Iranian: (?) NP ĉami:dan `to twist, bend', (nomin./ppp.) NP ĉaftah `curved, bent, a vaulted roof'

New East Iranian: (nomin./ppp.) ? Pash. (Waz.) c@vda `nook under overhanging rocks, cave'

(+ *ni-) (nomin.) Rosh. niĵu:m `fall' (in niĵu:m ĉu:g `they fell')

(2) Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

kuphos hump, hunch; hubos hump of a camel

Italic

cămŭr -a -um hooked, curved /Latin

Slavic

gumb button; stud; knob /Serbo-Croatian
gombík button /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

kaba, kuba, kubba a rising, a swelling /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

ks.umpa toadstool, mushroom (RV.Nir.); khum.pa_ cover made of grass to keep off rain (umbrella-shaped?) /Prakrit; khumbhi_ mushroom /Sindhi_; khumbh, khumbi_, khumbhi_ /Lahnda_; khumb, khu~b, khu~bh /Punja_bi_; khu~pr.o large screen for keeping rain off /Gujara_ti_ [sk]

csónak boat, skiff /Hungarian << Turkic chan-ak? a type of bowl??
csónak-áz to row /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Cohen (1947) , #21> [oi4]

Semitic

unu_tu vessel /Akkadian
?'ina_?' recipient, vessel /Arabic
?'oni(y) ship /Hebrew

Egyptian

yn(w) (value of sign representing pot) /Old Egyptian
h!nw jar, bowl; chattel, goods /Old Egyptian

Berber

tanaut ship /Berber

Altaic

tshon ship /Dongxian Mongol < chuan ship /Chinese (Pinyin) [?]

*t`e:mu boat, raft /Alatic [ss]

*tamara- to float, to swim /Mongol [ss]

*te:mu 1 raft 2 boat /Tungus [ss]

tem 1 /Negidal; temĉiku 2 /Manzhu; temu 1, temĉie~ 2 /Nanai; temu(n) 1 /Ulcha; temu 1 /Orok; tem 1 /Even; te:mu 1 /Evenki [ss]

*tumu big boat /Japanese [ss]

tumu /Old Japanese [ss]

Sino-Tibetan

chuan ship /Chinese (Pinyin) [?]

*cu:n ( ~ -o:-,-l/) a k. of vessel /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese meaning "wine-cup, wine-vessel"

zun 1 /Modern (Beijing) < con /Middle Chinese < cu:n /Old Chinese [ss]

Kachin: z^|on¹ a vessel used in distilling liquor.[ss]

*ti@:n|H ( ~ d-) a k. of vessel /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese meaning "a three or four-legged tripod, cauldron, a ding vessel"

ding /Modern (Beijing) < ti/en| /Middle Chinese < te:n|? /Old Chinese [ss]

Tibetan: tin| a small cup of brass used in sacrificing. [ss]

*z|/ho>n| a k. of vessel /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Tibetan: gz/on| wooden basin, trough, tub. [ss]

Lushei: fon| sp. of flat shallow basket.[ss]

*C/am a large vessel /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese meaning "large cooking pot"

cen 2 /Modern (Beijing) < zjim /Middle Chinese < z|/(h)@m /Old Chinese [ss]

Tibetan: zem cask, barrel. [ss]

Lepcha: tu>k-c^i/m a cup [ss]

Kiranti: *cam ( ~ ?c-) ladle (in compounds) [ss]

Thulung: korco"m flat wooden stirrer used in cooking, blo|kcam bamboo ladle [ss]

Kaling: kwo|rcam wooden ladle [ss]

*kha:n| ( ~ gh-, qh-, Gh-) boat, go by boat /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese meaning "to go by boat, big boat"

hang 2 /Modern (Beijing) < gha:n| /Old Chinese [ss]

Kachin (H) : khan| to steer, as a boat. [ss]

Dravidian

jan:ga_l a platform with railings placed on two boats, used at ferries (Kannad.a); jan:gala double-canoe (Tulu); can:ka_t.am a kind of boat (Na_.); can:ku-vat.am ferry-boat (Tamil); can.n.a_t.am id. (Malayalam) [sk]

Indo-European/Slavic

čun (flat-bottomed) boat; punt; gondola /Serbo-Croatian

csont bone; csont-os boney /Hungarian

Uralic

One expert thinks Hungarian csont is possibly of FU origin. Another expert thinks it may be related to Hungarian csomó "bulb" (see above on this page) or it may be of some FU origin. [Chong]

? cˆutta ankle-bone (Lapp) [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

ešentu /Akkadian [Chong]

Muskogean/Eastern

chanahki 1. vertebra, backbone 2. to be skinny, boney /Alabama [tm]

Assembly, congregation, meeting, multitude, crowd, bunch, group, army, troop; room, hall etc.

csopor-t group, team, gang << szapor-od to become many, to multiply /Hungarian

Uralic

csoport group, team, gang /Hungarian

Explained by the F.U. dictionary by the fact that P and K sometimes interchange in Hungarian so that csoport comes from csokor a bunch, group which is FU *c'ukke-(re)

csap-at a team, a gang << csap-ni to strike, hit on /Hungarian

szapor-ít (v.t.) to increase, swell; propogate /Hungarian
szapor-od(ik) (v.i.) to multiply, increase, grow, spread /Hungarian

Interesting how these verb forms resemble the Slavic versions right down to the level of the Hungarian verb formative suffixes.

Yukaghir [emas]

sawa-se- 'share, divide'
sawa-rit'i- 'divide into multiple parts'

Sumerian

si, su, sa, sa ₅ to increase, fill up, etc

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

cwb (v.) /Aramaic [cal]

011 Syr to be congregated 012 Syr to come to 013 Syr % lmamlAkuw% to attain to rule 014 Syr %lwAt% to visit 015 Syr to come back 016 Syr to be prepared 021 Syr to congregate 022 Syr to lead 023 Syr to return 024 Syr to give 051 Syr to come to 052 Syr to be congregated 053 Syr to be found 054 Syr to be prepared

LS2 623

Altaic

*ĉ`abu army /Altaic [ss]

*ĉabul/ĉ military commander /Turkic [ss]

Old Turkic: ĉabuŝ, ĉavuŝ [ss]
Turkish: ĉavuŝ [ss]
Tatar: ĉovaŝ "Chuvash" ( < Chuv.) [ss]
Chuvash: > Mar. s/uwas/ "Tatar" [ss]

*ĉag|ur military raid /Mongolian [ss]

Middle Mongolian: ĉa'ur [ss]

*c^abu-ka army /Tungus [ss]

Negidal: ĉawxa [ss]
Manzhu: ĉo:x|a [ss]
Nanai: ĉaox|a [ss]
Ulcha: ĉau.x|a [ss]
Orok: ĉau.x|a [ss]
Zhurzhen: /ĉao-hah/ [ss]

*tupa- 1 armour, weapon(ry) 2 soldier /Japanese [ss]

Old Japanese: tupa-mono 1 [ss]
Tokyo: tsu\wamono 2 [ss]

Dravidian

capikar < sabhika members of an assembly /Tamil; capai < sabha_ assembly, meeting, congregation, society, association (Pin..)(Tamil lex.) sabbava an assembly, a gathering; mirth, jest, fun /Kannad.a; sabban.d.u a jumble, omnium gatherum (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

Indo-European

Slavic

su'bero^ verb; 1st person singular present of <su'brati, -bero^, -bereshi> collect, gather; su'boru' noun; accusative singular masculine of <su'boru'> counsel, meeting /Old Church Slavonic [ocs]

čopor herd, troop, pack; band, crowd, multitude, rabble;
sabirati to collect, gather; assemble, rally, muster; accumulate; sabor parliament, congress, convention, synod; diet, assembly; sabrati to collect, gather; assemble, rally, accumulate; zbor meeting; assembly, gathering; convention /Serbo-Croatian

zbierať, zberať collect; šprtať sa cram; zabaliť pack; zberba rabble /Slovak; sybranie assembly /Bulgar; sobirat' assemble, collect /Russian

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

sabhya being in an assembly /Avestan [sk]

Indo-Aryan

sabhá 1) house or hall; 2) assembly, society /Sanskrit

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

sib 'swelling, puffing up, increasing'
sibi 'increase, expand a thing' (cl.1)
sibih 'swell up, become bloated, become pregnant, increase' (cl.3)
sibir 'increased, swollen, pregnant'

szoba room, chamber /Hungarian
azu (archaic) abode /Hungarian

Uralic

pat cover, roof, wall made of wicker /Uralic

Sumerian

asa cage; bàd wall

Altaic/Tungus

asu net, trap /Manchu [as]

Indo-European

Celtic

sabhal a barn /Gaelic, so Irish, Middle Irish saball, Irish Latin zabulum; through Brittonic from Latin stabulum, a stall, English stable. Cf. Middle Irish stéferus = zephyr. [from mcb]

saobhaidh den of a wild beast, fox's den /Gaelic [mcb gives no etymology]

Slavic

izba room, chamber; apartment; closet; cell; ward /Serbo-Croatian
soba room, appartment, chamber; ward; closet /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

sabhá 1) house or hall; 2) assembly, society /Sanskrit

csőr beak; bill (of a bird) /Hungarian
száj mouth /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian száj has an older base namely szá- (and various possessive suffixes can be added to this base also)

suu (n) mouth /Vaddja [fv]

Sino-Tibetan

*c/o>j (~ z|/-,-u-) beak /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese meaning "beak"

zi 1 Modern (Beijing) < cje Middle Chinese < c/ej Old Chinese [ss]

Tibetan: mc/hu lip, beak. [ss]

Dravidian

sollu, sol(lu) mouth (Gadba); colo_ pointed (said of the mouth of animals)(Kur.ux)(DEDR 2664). [sk]

csor-da herd of cattle /Hungarian
ser-eg army of men /Hungarian
szor-(oz) to multiply /Hungarian

Uralic

sarja bunch; cake /Vaddja [fv]

Sumerian

sar to be many

Altaic

suru herd, flock, drove /Turkish
süri 1. herd, flock 2. group, crowd /Turkmen [glnp]

çïïlïgh collection, assembly /Khakas [kl]

Dravidian

ce_rikka to have collected; ce_rkka to make to arrive or join, collect as men, money; ce_rppu joining, assemblage; ce_rppikka to have assembled or collected (Malayalam); ce.r- (ce.d-), ce.d- (ce.dy-) to arrive, join, gather (Kota); so.rc to collect (Toda); se.r- (se.ri-) to join (Kod.agu); s'e_runi to be added or joined to, enter as a member of sect etc.; s'e_rrige, s'e_rve union, inclusion (Tulu); ce_ru be connected or related to, assemble, come to hand, belong; ce_rika union, junction, nearness (Telugu); ce_ruve assemblage, mass (Telugu); to be joined together (Kannad.a); se_rve, se_ruve connection; company; a herd of cattle (Kannad.a); se_r (se_rd-) to enter, be connected with, join, assemble, be collected; se_ruve, se_rve collection, assemblage, mass, herd of cattle (Kannad.a); ce_rvai army; collection, assemblage (Tamil); se_rve, se_ruve id. (Kannad.a); ce_r (-v-, -nt-) to become mixed, blended, be collected, aggregated, join; (-pp-, -tt-) to join, attach, admix, admit to one's society, insert, gather, assemble; ce_rkkai collecting, gathering, combining, mixing, fellowship (Tamil) [sk]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

sullog-ê, hê, 1. gathering, collecting 2. raising, levying of soldiers 3. summary, collection of instances

Germanic/English

serried (adj.) pressed or crowded together, especially in rows: troops in serried ranks [ahd]

Past participle of obsolete serry, to close ranks, from French serré, past participle of serrer, to crowd, fasten [ahd]

Slavic

čorda herd, drove /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian

Iranian/Avestan

sera together, in company with; sherkat company /Pashto [tr]

Indo-Aryan

çárdha or zardha troop, host /Sanskrit

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Additions by Fred Hámori in red.

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Last updated 3 June 2008