család family /Hungarian

cseléd servant, domestic /Hungarian

*sile- obtain, bear, procreate, beget /Ugrian
*sente to be born /FinnUgor

szül give birth, szülö parent /Hungarian

sal uterus, vulva, sala woman

sala the name of the Elamite mother goddes /Grisham's book

*cúl pregnancy /Dravidian [ss]

*c'appe to hit, strike with a loud bang /Finnugor
ĉuop'pât chop, cut, cut up, amputate /Lapp

csap to hit, slap, strike, fling /Hungarian
csap-ás a hit, blow; the effect of a blow; csap-kod to beat, lash /Hungarian

tappaa (v) to thresh /Vaddja [fv]
csép flail, thresher /Hungarian

dúb kick, flop, knock down, shake

tabir.i, tabr.i a slap; a stroke with the palm of the hand (Munda) [sk]

*č`ap`a hit /Altaic [ss]

čap 'flail' < *čäp /Chuvash [art:1]

capalâx slap; capânT slap; rebuff /Brahui

cappal.isu, capparisu to slap, pat; cappat.e clapping the hands (Kannad.a); cappat.a a slap of the hand; cappat.incu to clap, slap; camaru, camuru to slap with the open hand (Telugu); capat. a slap (Naikri); capur, ca_pt.a, ca_por. a blow with the hand, slap (Gondi); japka japka ve_pa to slap, beat with open hand (Kui); sapor. a slap (Kuwi)(DEDR 2335). [sk]

tappu (tappi-) to strike, beat, kill; tappai a blow (Tamil); dabbe, debbe, d.abbe, d.ebbe a blow, stroke (Kannad.a); dabbad.incu to slap; debba blow, stroke, attack (Telugu); tapp- to strike, kill; tapor. a slap (Gadba); tapr.i a slap (Gondi); tap- to strike, hit (Kond.a); tapu_r vecali to slap (Kuwi)(DEDR 3075). [sk]

Classical Greek [lsj1]

k'a'ap to be massacred [y84]

*tempe explode, to throw with lot of noise /Ugrian

dúb kick, flop, knock down, shake

sabar (v.) to drum; (n.) drum /Wollof [pc2]
tabala (n.) drum /Wollof [pc2]

Tbl#2 (vb.) /Aramaic [cal]

davul drum /Turkish

t.apa_r-en-al onom. expr. signifying cracking sound; t.api_r-en-al onom. expr. signifying the sound produced in firing a gun; t.apa-t.apav-en-al onom. expr. signifying the sound of a drum (Tamil); d.aba.r in- (id--) to make noise as of gun shooting or bamboo joints exploding in fire; d.ab d.ab in- (id-) to make noise of the big flat drum (tabat.k-); d.ab d.ob in- (id--) to make noise of gun shooting (Kota); d.abbu sound emitted by a hollow box, a sort of tabor etc., when struck (Kannad.a); d.abbu noise of a drum (Telugu)(DEDR 2947). [sk]

doboš to drum; dobošar drummer /Serbo-Croatian << Hungarian

sõta war /Vaddja [fv]

zat 'battle' [alinei]

Serb-Croatian četa 'troop, crowd'; Bulgar četa 'army, troop, crowd'; Russian četa 'couple, two' [alinei]

Undoubtedly onomatop., much like the noise of battle!

cat.a-cat.-en-al onom. expr. signifying the sound of falling trees, report of a gun, rattling of stones thrown; cat.a-cat.av-en-al onom. expr. signifying crash, peal of repeated sound; cat.a-put.-en-al, cat.a_r-en-al onom. expr. of crackling noise (Tamil); cat.a-cat.a crash, peal, descriptive of battle noises (Malayalam); cat.a.r in- to make noise like a whipcrack (Kota); cat.a-cat.a, cat.a-pat.a the snapping sound of corn in being parched; cat.al, cat.il imitation of the loud crack of a whip (Kannad.a); cat. noise of cracking fruit or nut (Kod.agu); cat.akka a slapping or cracking sound; cat.acat.a, cat.apat.a noise produced as in slapping or cracking a whip; cat.i_la a cracking sound; cat.uka a snapping sound (Tulu); cat.ka'a_na_, cat.ga'a_na_ to slap in the face (Kur.ux); car.-car.re to crackle (as wood in the fire)(Malt.o) [sk]

t.'ąt- slap₁, throw at; spank [y84]

xont army /Ugor

had, hadi war, military; hada-koz to battle; há(d)-boru war /Hungarian

katona warrior /Hungarian

gud₂ warrior; gudibir war [jh]

kutu to defeat, overcome, dominate /Mandinka [pc1]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 10 #> [oi4]

kattō complications, feud, trouble, discord, dissension, difficulties /Japanese

gudu combat, struggle, war

ka_tu (ka_ti-) to kill, murder, cut, divide; n. murder (Tamil); ka_du to war, fight, contend with (Kannad.a); ka_tal killing, fighting, cutting, breaking (Tamil); ka_duha fighting (Kannad.a); ka_duni to quarrel, fight, wrestle (Tulu); ka_da_t.a a fight, war, battle (Tulu) (DEDR 1447).[sk]

cati (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, kill; cata_vu (cata_vi-) to be shattered or broken, be rotten, decayed; catai (-v-, -nt-) to be bruised, crushed; (-pp-, -tt-) to crush, bruise, mash; tatai (-v-, -nt-) to be shattered, made fruitless; tatar (-v-, -nt-) to be crushed (Tamil); cata a bruise; catayuka to be bruised, squashed; catekka to squash, crush, pound, bray; catun.n.uka to be crushed, compressed, beaten into another shape; catukkuka to bruise, macerate; catukku a bruise (Malayalam); cady a murder; pair word with cudy news (cudy cady); cac- to hammer with heavy blows, pat, stroke, kill (animal); cac a blow (Kota); to0x- (to0xy-) to be squeezed or smashed flat, (person) gets into difficulties; to0k- to squeeze or smash flat; toc- to beat (Toda); sadaku to beat; sade, sadi to pound to some extent, bruise, squash, crush; caccu, ceccu, jajju to strike, bruise, crush; tadaku, taduku, tade to strike, beat (Kannad.a); cade severe fighting, destruction of life; sadi striking, beating; sadevuni to get hardened, wear away as an earthen vessel; jajjuni to bruise, squash, pound (Tulu); cadiyu to be crushed or broken; cadupu to crush, kill; cadumu to strike; cadunu even, level (Telugu); catip- (catit-), cacip- (cacit-) to trample, kick (Parji)(DEDR 2322).[sk]

cat.t.u destruction, injury, waste (Ta.)(DEDR 2307).[sk]

at.a_pit.i violence (Tamil); violence, outrage, quarrel, uproar (Malayalam); at.a_vat.i outrage, violence; at.ipit.i broil, fray, scuffle (Tamil); quarrel, scuffle, affray (Malayalam); ad.a_vud.i alarm, confusion, quarrel, riot, fright (Kannad.a); ad.avadi, ad.a_vudi confusion, uproar, fright (Telugu)(DEDR 71). [sk]

at.al killing, murdering; at.alai battle, trouble, distress (Ta.)(DEDR 77). [sk]

ku_t.a, ku_t.u, ku_d.u a joining; a coming in contact with; a junction; connection, union; an assembly, a crowd; a heap, a quantity; company, fellowship (Kannad.a lex.); ku_t.t.atta_r members of a tribe; members of a society (Tamil lex.) ku_t.t.am union, combination, meeting; crowd, flock, herd, group; kindred, relations, tribe; friends, companions; class, kind, series, set, species, genus; association, kindred, battle (Tamil); assembly, caste, flock, assembly, court, quarrel (Malayalam) [sk]

catha prisoner, capture, hunt, war [az96]
catu war [az96]

Hungarian csavar is officially thought to be 'possibly' related to kavar. [Chong]

cifra ornamented, decorated /Hungarian

debe (v.) to plait; deberilaa (n.) one who plaits; deberoo plaiting /Mandinka [pc1]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1980) , #1.02c028> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1979) , p. 27 #5> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1979) , p. 27 #13> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1979) , p. 29 #4> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1983) , #12.09> [oi4]

*s^i_u:bo to twist, twisted threads /Altaic [ss]

*č`ibe to twist, turn /Altaic [ss]

çevirmek translate /Turkish

*kabari oar /Altaic [ss]

caval. (caval.v-, cavan.t.-) to bend, be supple (as the arms of a fencer); cavat.t.u (cavat.t.i-) to bend, twist (Tamil); caval.uka to be flexible (Malayalam)(DEDR 2393). [sk]

kavari chowrie (Tamil); kavaram hair-plait (Malayalam); kavari id., woman with fine hair; yak; yak's tail, chowrie (Malayalam); kabari, kavari braid of hair, knot of braided hair (Kannad.a); kabari tufted hair of females (Tulu); kavara, kabara, kavari_, kabari_ braid of hair (Skt.)(DEDR 1327). [sk]

kavar to churn (Tamil); kavvare, kavval.e, kauvare, ko_vari, kaval.i a turning or whirling round, agitation, confusion (Kannad.a); kapparamu agitation of mind, confusion; kappara-pad.u to be confused, agitated (Telugu)(DEDR 1340) [sk]

qiwiy to twist [q2]

kawatnaka vt. (kawatpi) stir (liquid) [ud]

č'i·p- wring₁ [y84]

ŝer-im part of a loom

Cognate Set <Fleming (1988) , #64> [oi4]

turi "to turn, spin" [az96]
turia "Turô" [az96]
"(goddess of) turning" [az96]

comlekci potter; comlek earthenware pot /Turkish

One official source says that Hungarian csend may derive from archaic csendesz "calm" which is of unknown origin. [Chong]

Another source thinks csend is unrelated to anything Finno-Ugric or Turko-Mongolian [Chong]

šil-ig cease

Chorti [cw]

chin silent; silence; barren; desert (adj.); chinyay to keep silent [q2]

Hungarian szunnyad- "be asleep, sleep lightly, slumber" is claimed to be onomatopoeic or descriptive by one source. [see Chong]

Cognate Set <Newman (1977) , #38> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Newman (1977) , #116> [oi4]

*cunž- to sleep /Dravidian [ss]

Undoubtedly borrowed or is echoic/imitative.

tangi ring (of sound) /Mäori [ng]

jan:gu (fr. jan.) a ringing round brass bell worn by a Jan:gama mendicant on his legs (Kannad.a) (Kannad.a.lex.); jagal.e, jegal.e, jhagat.e, jhagad.e, jhagal.e, ja_gat.i, je_gat.i (Tadbhava of jhagat.e) a kind of cymbal; a round metal plate beaten on by a class of mendicants, that on which the hours are struck, a gong (Kannad.a); je_gat.i, je_gan.t.e (Telugu); ce_kan.t.i, ce_makkala (Tamil) [sk]

ozendu (C) to boom

Classical Greek [lsj1]

*c'Vppe- to drip, a drip /FinnUgor

Cognate Set <Cohen (1947) , #341> [oi4]

Cognate Set < Ehret (1987) , #137> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #618> [oi4]

habbe grain, seed /Turkish
tsubu a grain; a drop /Japanese

Slavic (?????)

Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966), #80> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 100 #1> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 123 #2> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 106 #> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #352> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 641a #2> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Fleming (1988) , #56> [oi4]

çabga downpour /Turkmen
∫abyrdamak to pour, flow, spread /Turkmen

awha heavy rain /Mäori [ng]
ua, ua tata downpour /Mäori [ng]

zapar (onomat.) sound of a strong rain
zapar-rada (B,G,L,U) downpour

saub (v.n.) raining, falling (rain); pouring forth water (a cloud); etc. /Persian [fjs]

shu'bub shower or sudden downpour of rain; the side of anything /Persian [fjs]

Hungarian cseresznye is of course seen as a loan since it is probably ultimately a loan from Asia Minor according to [ep: 94]

Greek [ep: 94]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian [fjs]

Cognate Set < Ehret (1987) , #607> [oi4]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #632> [oi4]

cokak, coklak shell (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Hungarian csík is possibly derived from csík "a kind of cylindrical-shaped swamp fish" [Chong]

jōkon streak, a stria /Japanese

Hungarian csillog possibly derives from

dul fire /Finnish
delne country oven (archaic) /Hungarian
gyújt-; gyúl- ignite; to set on fire; to catch fire /Hungarian

dalla (n.) beam, ray (v.) to be or make bright; to shine.[jh]
zalag ₍₂₎, zal light, brightness; bright, luminous, radiant, pure [jh]

taal (v.) to light, start, kindle /Wollof [pc2]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #125> [oi4]

*t`io:lo to shine, reflect /Altaic [ss]

*ziol/a to shine, blaze /Altaic [ss]

*t`ulV (~ -o-) to burn /Altaic [ss]

sulu- to shine /Proto-Oceanic [pkm]
sila- to shine /Proto-Philippine [pkm]
sarang- refulgent /Tagalog [pkm]
sulu- light, /Kapampangan [pkm]
zelag- to shine /Proto-Philippine [pkm]
sellag- bright or full (of the moon) /Ilokano [pkm]
sarang- the human ear when light can be seen through it when viewed in a certain way /Ilokano [pkm]

jhile mile, jilmil shining, polished, burnished, beautiful; jhalkao to shine, to flash, be burnished; jhalmal resplendent, clean and bright; jhalmalao to be trim, clean; neatly executed; jhal jhal to glisten, to glitter (Santali.lex) [sk]

*Cil/H bright /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

*s/Vl?V ( ~ s/-,-l/-,-h|-) light, ray /North Caucasian [ss]

*jąhĩ-lγą- moon (луна) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN458]

tul.an:ku (tul.an:ki-) to shine, be bright, luminous, radiate; tul.akkam brightness, splendour; tul.akku (tul.akki-) to polish; tul.umpu (tul.umpi-) to sparkle, glitter, shine; tulan:ku (tulan:ki-) to shine, glitter, be bright, be polished, be clear; tulakku (tulakki-) to polish, burnish, cause to shine, illumine, make clear, sharpen; n. lustre, polish; tulakkam lustre, brightness, splendour, polish, gloss, clearness (Tamil); tul.an.n.uka to glitter; tul.akkuka to burnish; tul.akkam splendour; til.an.n.uka, tel.an.n.uka to shine, glitter; til.akkam, tel.akkam splendour;[cf. tilakam vermilion mark on the forehead of women (Tamil)]; tol.agu to shine, be full of splendour; n. shine, splendour; tol.apu shine, lustre (Kannad.a); tulakincu to shine, rejoice; tulakimpu shining, rejoicing; tola~ku to shine, be splendid (Telugu)(DEDR 3360). [sk]

śale, śalie, śalvi star; splendid [az96]
saliethi "light, illumination" [az96]
śaltuc "shining" [az96]
śalthn "to shine, illuminate" [az96]

zalthirie to shine [az96] < *stelkw- [az96: 17]

Classical Greek [lsj1]

One official source sees Hungarian dél deriving from a Turkic source.
Another expert sees it as deriving from Old Turkic or Chuvash. [Chong]

dalla (n.) beam, ray (v.) to be or make bright; to shine.[jh]
dara ₄, dar ₄ dark, dim; high [jh]

*thu:r (~dh-,-o:-) bright, shine /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Dwr to be (come) light /Central Semitic [ahd]
_Dôr to be (come) light./Hebrew [ahd]

*t`io:lo to shine, reflect /Altaic [ss]

*tu:\l/i clear sky, noon /Altaic [ss: 2280]

terul. (terul.v-, terun.t.-) to know, gain true knowledge, perceive, ascertain, understand clearly, be renowned, be clear, lucid; n. knowledge, intelligence, clear perception, comprehension, wisdom /Tamil [sk]

*te:r- to be clear, evident /Dravidian [DEDR 3419][ss: 1526]

tel. to become clear; tel.ir (-v-, -nt-) to shine, sparkle (Tamil); tel.i clearness, brightness (Malaylam); teli, seli clear, pure, filtered (Tulu) (DEDR 3433).[sk]

Classical Greek [lsj]

tar-em, tar sky god /FinnUgor (god of thunder amongst other?)

durizõa (v) to rattle; to rumble /Vaddja [fv]
jürü (n.) thunder /Vaddja [fv]

Hungarian dorgál is thought to possibly derive from a Finno-Ugric source.

dur-un to break wind, fart
dirig trouble
dungu cloud bank (Turkic/Altaic teng sky, sky god)

tar- god of the sky /Scythian, [also Chuvash, Lapp (tar-gi-tar- son of the sky god)]

*de/ru to shake, sway /Altaic [ss]

*t[y>]r ( ~ d-) shake, shiver /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

durrunda (onomatopoeic) loud noise

*tir-i- to tremble /Dravidian [ss]

Hungarian csinál is also supposed to be a loan from Slavic

Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #129> [oi4]

zin- make on the lathe [am91]
zina, zinasa, zinace to make, (has) made

Chorti [cw]

china to make [q1]

Another word believed to be a loan from Slavic. [Chong]

šen clear, pure; shiny [jh]

*si>n / *si>n| new /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

zˆyinak neat /Tatar; -canlI pretty /Turkish, used in compounds; zˆonon beauty /Uzbek - derivative); sine new /Classical Mongol; šin new /Khalkha [Chong]

*ze\jn/a new /Altaic [ss]

*c.a">n?V new /North Caucasian [ss]

*γaŋŋ[o]- attractive; to love 1 (привлекательный; любить 1) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN377]

canna, cennu straightness, beauty, grace, niceness, properness, elegance; canna, cenna a man of beauty, a handsome man; fem. canni, canne, cenne; cannage handsomely, nicely, properly; canniga a handsome, fine man (Kannad.a); canna handsome, well (Tulu); cennu beauty, grace, elegance, manner, way (Telugu)(DEDR 2423) [sk]

cana something beautiful [az96, am91]
cen gift, pleasing thing; cena to be pleasing [az96]