Magyar
Word List
BU-CS

List is approximately in English alphabetical order not Hungarian.

bűn crime, offence; sin; evil, vice /Hungarian

Uralic

One official source believes Hungarian bűn to be possibly of Turkic origin.
Another suggests possibly an Old Turkic origin but is unlikely due to phonological problems [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic

baane, bani, boni, boone, bwne evil, misfortune /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
bwwn bad; evil, misfortune /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

Altaic

? fena bad (Turkish) [Chong]

bürü footbridge /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian bürü is also believed to be a loan from Slavic.

Afro-Asiatic (?)

Semitic

(br V /Aramaic [cal]

011 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA to cross over
012 Palestinian,Syr,JBA to pass by
013 Syr to flood
014 Syr to traverse
0112 JLAGal,JBA %(l% to transgress
024 JLATg to bring across
025 Palestinian to cause to pass
027 JLATg to transfer
028 JLATg to transgress
041 Syr to pass by
055 JLATg to be passed through
031 Syr to make to pass by
032 Syr to expel
033 Syr to transport
0311 Syr to carry across
0314 Syr to pass

LS2 507, J 1040

Austric

piriti, arahanga bridge /Mäori [ng]

Mäori piriti is said to derive from English

Dravidian

pa_lam bridge; dam, embankment, projecting wharf, jetty (Tamil.lex.) pa_l.am bridge (Tamil.Tinn.); pa_lam bridge over rivers or to connect the walls of compounds (Malayalam); pa.lm (obl. pa.lt-) bridge (Kota); po.lm (obl. po.lt-) id. (Toda); pa_la id. (Kannad.a); pa.la bridge made of tree, etc. (Kod.agu) [sk]

Etruscan

peris passage, footbridge [az96]

Indo-European

Celtic/Gaulish

bri'ua a bridge [cb]

Classical Greek [lsj1]

poros, ho, (peirô, peraô) means of passing a river, ford, ferry 2. narrow part of the sea, strait 3. periphr., poroi halos the paths of the sea, i.e. the sea 4. artificial passage over a river, bridge 5. generally, pathway, way 6. passage through a porous substance, opening

Albanian

*ur(u)a: /Proto Albanian [bd] < u(e)r(u)-? bow, doorway? /PIE [bd]

ure' bridge [bd]

Slavic

brv wooden footbridge; log /Serbo-Croatian

brod 'ford' /Slovak; bro:d, bro\ \da `ford' /Serbo-Croatian < *bhrodh-o- 'ford' /PIE [rd]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

peretûm [peretu] bridge /Avestan

barida a narrow pass; a ferry, ford /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

pa_li a causeway, bridge (Skt.lex.) [sk]

Quechua

waru ford [q2]

Thick, rich, swollen; jammed; crowded

busás ? rich, ample; dús thick, rich, abundant, opulent /Hungarian

Etruscan

tusiu, tusnu swollen, jammed, rich, smug, excited [az96]

Dravidian

tu_cu cloth, garment, cotton (Tamil); du_su, du_sa, du_s.ya cloth, cotton, calico (Kannad.a) [sk]

Indo-European

Greek

da^sus, eia, u, Ion. fem. dasea /Calssical Greek [lsj1]

I. with a shaggy surface

1. hairy, shaggy 2. thick with leaves 3. generally, rough, thick 4. d. oura cloudy

II. 1. hoarse 2. aspirated

Indo-Iranian

du_s.ya fine cotton cloth /Sanskrit [sk]

tuskó ?? log; block, wedge; tuszk-ol to push, to shove /Hungarian

Indo-European/Slavic

tiska throng, crush; crowd; jam /Serbo-Croatian
tiesniť sa throng /Slovak

búza wheat /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian is officially of Turkish origin.[Chong]

Niger-Congo (?)

basoo (n.) sorghum /Mandinka [pc1]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 287 #2> [oi4]

Cushitic

Agaw

ba"saw , ba"so dish of roasted grain /Bilin

Cushitic, East

bassoo dish of roasted grain /Oromo; bus#a /Saho

Cushitic, South

basoro millett /Iraqw

Semitic

basso meal of roasted barley /Amharic; basso /Tigrinya; basso dish of roasted grain /Tigre

Omotic

buc#'c#'oo bread /Shinasha

Altaic

Turkic

bugˆda (Azeri); bugday (Common Turkic); bodai (Tatar); bugˆday (Turkish) / bughdoy (Uzbek) [Chong]

? bede hay /Turkmen [glnp]

Mongol

boodai (Khalkha) [Chong]

Tungus

buda cooked cereal (Manchu) [Chong]

Dravidian

bu_su a generic term for cereal grains, the grasses, and the esculent culms (Kannad.a); bu_sad.agarige a corn-dealer (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a.lex.); busa, bus'a, bus.a chaff and other refuse of grain; refuse, rubbish; dr cow-dung (Kannad.a.lex.) [sk]

Indo-European/ Indo-Iranian

busa chaff, any rubbish; bus'a, bu_s.a /Sanskrit [sk]
bhUjambu wheat /Sanskrit

bhusa_ra, bhum.sa_ra, bhu_sa, bhu_m.sa a generic term for cereal grains, the grasses, and the esculent culms (Mara_t.hi_) [sk]

cédula slip, scrap of paper /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian cédula is most likely a loan.

(Hungarian /c/ sounds like /tz/}

Austro-Asiatic

cit.ha a note, a written order; hat cit.hae emadina he gave me a written order; hat cit.ha menaka ona iate poesa reak botor banukan there is a written order so there is no fear about the money; cit.hi_ a letter, an epistle (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Basque

zedula (U) document, card, certificate

Dravidian

ca_tan-am seal, signet; document, any instrument in writing (Tamil lex.); ca_takam voucher, evidence; ca_tan-amur-i a promise or voucher in writing (W.G.); ca_tan-a_ntaram an additional document or voucher (W.G.); ca_tan-a-p-pattirikai a document, will; ca_tan-a-pattiram title deed, deed of grant inscribed on copper plate (J.); sale-deed (Tamil lex.); cittu a rough copy or draft (Kannad.a,Telugu); a blot, as of ink; a blot, an obliteration of something written; corrections in writing (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

Indo-European

Germanic

chit letter, note /English

Slavic

cedulja piece (slip, scrap) of paper, note, ticket /Serbo-Croatian
cedulka ticket /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

chit.t.ha_ an account, a memorandum of money paid; wages, especially of state servants; a long letter; chit.t.ha_ ta_rna_ to pay servants' wages, to pay a bill, to clear accounts; chitta_ tasdi_k the preliminary statement of holdings; chit.t.hi_ a letter, a note; a certificate, an order; a draft (Punja_bi_ lex.) [sk]

cérna string, thread /Hungarian

Altaic

*ĉu/r/i string, to string /Altaic [ss]

*dir/- / *du"r/- to bead, string, range in a row /Turkic [ss]

tiz- /Old Turkic; diz- /Turkish; tez- /Tatar; du"z- /Azeri; du"z- /Turkmen; tir- /Chuvash; tis- /Yakut [ss]

also see Hungarian tűz (1) "to fasten with a pin" (2) to shine, blaze

siren sinew, thread /Manchu [as]

Dravidian

*kajir- rope, string /Dravidian; *cēr- /Telugu [ss]

ce.ri coconut fibre, coir (Kod.agu); ce_ru string, cord /Telugu; ce_ri fibre /Tulu [sk]

Indo-European/Germanic

gearn yarn /Old English < *garnō string /Germanic [ahd]

cím address, title, location; cím-er coat-of-arms, shield /Hungarian

Altaic

Tungus

samha sign /Manchu [as]

Japanese

chimei name of a place

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

sêma sign, mark, token - 1. sign from heaven, omen, portent 2. generally, sign to do or begin something 3. sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow 4. mark to show the cast of a quoit or javelin 5. token by which any one's identity or commission was certified 6. constellation, mostly in pl., heavenly bodies

Slavic

cimer sign /Serbo-Croatian

cipel to drag, carry /Hungarian

Uralic

{Hungarian /c/ like /ts/ or /tz/}

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*jtivlẹ- (~ *'t-) to drag (волочить) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN204]

*šiwle- to carry, to drag (тащить, волочить) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1204]

ri'wlą- /Chukchee; jiwlą- /Koryak; tiwlą- /Alutor [ss]

*stili- /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN206]

stille-s, stilli- to drag (волочить) /Sedank dialect; k-silγat-ix transvehe (me)! /SIT [ss]

Footwear, shoe, sandal

cip-ő(k) shoe(s) /Hungarian {/c/ counds like /ts/ or /tz/}
cip-ész shoemaker /Hungarian {/-ész/ suffix denotes a profession}

Uralic

sabu shoe /Vogul -Ugrian; sob-ki shoestring /Ng

Officially, Hungarian cipő is from cipellő meaning "shoe" which is ultmately from Latin.[Chong]

You have to wonder just which Latin word is the alleged source when we have

sutor shoe-maker; calceus, solea (=slipper) shoe /Latin
crepida, solea sandal (also slipper) /Latin

Perhaps a cip-ő "shoe" is what one cip-el "drags, carries" on one's foot? After all, the literal meaning of cipellő is "one who carries, drags".

Sumerian

šuhub2 boots [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic

*ŝayp.- {} *ĉayp.- foot, sole of foot /Protoform [ss]

ŝe:pu, ŝe:pi:tu 'foot' /Akkadian [ss]

Egyptian

tjbw sandal-maker; tjbt sandal; sole (of foot) /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 120 #4> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

s#ib shoe (Bedawiye, Beja)

Agaw

s#anfi sole of the foot, shoe /Bilin; s#amba sandal. shoe /Kemant; s#afa heel, sandal /Qwara; tsaba sole of foot, shoe /Xamir; c#'ama shoe /Xamta; c#ammi (c#'R), c#am (h!) shoe, sole of foot /Awngi

Cushitic, East

c#obada shoe /Konso

Cushitic, South

is#iba shoe /Asa(x)

Semitic

s#u?`ubat- branch /Arabic; sa?`f rami foliaque palmae /Arabic; se?`i_p branch /Hebrew; s#e_pu(m) pes /Akkadian; s'ab foot /Sokotri; c#'amma shoe foot length of foot /Amharic

Altaic

*t`a:/ba/ foot, footwear /Altaic [ss]

*da:pan # foot, sole /Turkic [ss]

taban /Karakhanid; da:ban /Turkmen; tuban (Anatri) /Chuvash [ss]

*tabag foot, paw /Mongol [ss]

tabag| /Written Mongolian; tavag, tavxaj /Khalkha; tabgaj /Buriat; tawaG /Ordos; tawaG /Monguor [ss]

*tabu- fur footwear /Tungus [ss]

tawur, taubun /Evenki; te:wun /Even [ss]

*ta\mp(u)î a k. of socks /Japanese [ss]

ta\b(j)i/ (Old Japanese); ta/bi (Tokyo); ta\bî (Kyoto); tabi/ (Kagoshima) [ss]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*t'ąγwe-'n foot-wear, torbaz (обувь, торбаз) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN423]

*cąweri ~ *cąwari summer foot-wear (летняя обувь) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss; PN240]

cwεri /Chukchee; cwej (I) /Koryak; sare-wwi (Pl.) /Palan; cvari- /Alutor [ss]

*śfą-n /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN432]

sf-noŋ , Pl. sfŭ'n torbaz (торбаз) /Sedank dialect; š/sxin , švxin "caligae e pellis" /West Itelmen; sa'amut , sxanud Pl. "calceamentum factum e pellibus" /SIT [ss]

Basque

zapata shoe

The Basque is, of course, from Spanish

Ainu

keri shoe [sm]

Dravidian

*k^erp- sandal, shoe /Dravidian [ss]

*kerVp- South Dravidian [ss]

ceruppu sandal, slipper, shoe /Tamil; cerippu sandal, slipper, shoe /Malayalam; kera, keravu, kerahu, kerpu sandal, slipper, shoe /Kannada [ss]

*kerv sandal, slipper, shoe Nilgiri [ss]

kevr /Kota; kerf /Toda [ss]

*cepp- sandal, slipper, shoe /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: ceppu [ss]

*k^erp- shoe, sandal /Kolami-Gadba [ss]

kerri "shoe" /Kolami; kerri "shoe, boot" /Naikri; keri (pl. -gu), kerig "shoe, slipper" /Naiki; cerup, cerpu "sandal" /Parji [ss]

*serp- (*c-) shoe, sandal /Gondwan

*serp- shoe, sandal /Gondi [ss]

sarpum /Betul-1; sarpo /Mandla; sarpu (pl. -hk) /Betul-2; harpunj (pl. harpuhk) /Muria; erpunj (pl. erpusk) /Maria; erpum /Koya; harpunj /Maria; serpum /Adilabad; herpunj /Dorli [ss]

sepu shoe /Kond.a [ss]

*cep-u shoe Kui-Kuwi [ss]

seppu: , cepunga "sandals", seppu /Kuwi [ss]

*karp- straps (without sole) crossed over and worn round the ankle /North /Dravidian [ss]

kharpa: Kurukh [ss]

Indo-European

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

č∂b∂v men's sandals (of leather) /Baluchi [mab]
č∂v∂TT men's leather sandal. /Baluchi [mab]

chabha sandals /N. Baluchi [mld]
sawás Baloch sandals, made of the leaves of the dwarf palm /N. Baluchi [mld]

Italic

sabata shoe /Occitan; zapato shoe /Spanish

crepida sandal; calceus, solea (=slipper) shoe /Latin
sŏlěa, -ae a sandal; a kind of letter; a shoe for an animal; a fish, the sole /Latin
sutor shoe-maker /Latin
pes foot; solum, planta sole of the foot /Latin

Slavic

cipela shoe, boot /Serbo-Croatian
zaobuť shoe /Slovak

Russian [rh]

chobot/chebot boot(s)

These Russian words are of Turkish origin (ultimately from Persian) according to [rh]

sapogi were the major type of boots, for the years 1600-1722.

The singular form, sapog is found in Old Church Slavonic and seems to have closer affinity to Finnish than other possible origins.

also c.f. cipők (plural) shoes /Hungarian

sarú (archaic) shoe, sandal /Hungarian

Altaic

c'ar-ik shoe /Turkish

Caucasian

*t.yrix|V a k. of foot-wear /Proto North Caucasian [ss: 1498]

*t.yx|:V-lV (~-i-,-G|-) boot sole /Proto Tsezian [ss: 690]

Bezhita: t.ix|la

*t.yryx| 1 leathern foot-wear 2 soft slippers for children /Proto Lezghian [ss: 984]

Lezghi: t.irix|-ar 1; Tabasaran: t.irx| 1; Agul: t.irix| 2

An interesting Tsez.-Lezg. isogloss (unfortunately, attested only in a few languages) [ss]

Indo-European

Slavic

charki / chary was another Turkish word for 'shoe(s)' borrowed by the Russians, most commonly in Siberia [rh]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

shur a shoe /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

caraNatra `" foot-saver "' , a shoe /Sanskrit

Sumerian

èsir shoe, sandal [jh]

ciró-gat-ás the caress /Hungarian
szer-et-et affection, love; szer-et to like; szer-et-ö lover /Hungarian

Sumerian

ušar female companion

Afro-Asiatic

ser-ut love, like /Old Egypt

Altaic

sew-imli, sew-gi affection /Turk

Assyrian

sekret prostitute/Assyrian (possible loan from Hurrian)

Sino-Tibetan

*[s/]Vr care for /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

m@z^|an3 to care for, look after. /Kachin
sor to tend, care for. /Lushei [ss]

Basque

xaru affection, caress

Etruscan

cara "dear, beloved, "to be pleasant" [az96]
carati "affection, esteem" [az96]

Indo-European

Celtic

kared love (person); karout to love /Breton [gp]

seirc love /Gaelic, searc, seirc /Irish, serc /Old Irish, serch /Welsh, serc'h concubine /Breton, serch /Middle Breton: *serkâ, *serko-; Gothic saúrga, care, German sorge, sorrow, English sorrow; Sanskrit sûrkshati, respect, reverence, take thought about something. The favourite derivation is to ally it to Greek stérgw, I love, which would give a Gaelic teirg [from mcb]

suiridhe a courting, suiridheach (better suirtheach or suireach), a wooer /Gaelic, so Irish, also surighim, I woo, Middle Irish suirge, wooing, suirgech, procus: *su-reg-, root reg, direct, etc.? [from mcb]

Italic

see Italian caro, cara "dear" [az96]

csacska chattering; prattle /Hungarian {Hungarian /cs/ = /ch/}

Altaic

chōchō chatter; prattle /Japanese

SMALLNESS, REDUCTION, NEED, WANT

csak only, nothing but /Hungarian {/cs/ same as English /ch/}

Ainu

tek (suffix) a little [sm]

Altaic

*žōk`e nearly, hardly /Altaic [ss]

*jōk /Turc [ss]
*žug / *žüg /Mongol [ss]
*žuke /Tungus [ss]
*doku /Japanese [ss]; -dake only; no more; merely; so far as /Japanese

shika particle used with a negative meaning "no more than, only, no other than, etc." /Japanese

Quechua

shuclla only [q1]
chikalla just; only {chika "so much; so strong" + -lla "modesty"} [q2]

csek-ély small, trifling {/cs/ similar to Basque /tx/ or English /ch/} /Hungarian
csök-ev-ény rudimentary; csökk-en to reduce, abate /Hungarian
sek-ély(es) shallow /Hungarian
scegin "poor" /Old Hungarian {12th. Century) [gzb1]; szeg-ény poor, not much /Modern Hungarian
szik-ár lean, slender /Hungarian
szük narrow, scarce /Hungarian

Uralic

*s'ukke small piece /Ugrian

Sumerian

sig9 narrow [jh]
sug4 , ; su (v.) to strip naked, lay bare; to empty; (adj.) empty, destitute.[jh]

Hurrian

zug@ 'small, short' [ss]

Niger-Congo (?)

seekee (adj) skint; sekeeriŋ. sekeeta (adj) skint, penniless /Mandinka [pc1]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

sh.w^ shorten /Old Egyptian [cgj]
sk empty (M.E.) (%t body,of words) /Old Egyptian [cgj]
skn be greedy, lust after /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Semitic

śyk to be(come) narrow, constricted /Semitic Root [ahd]
sâqu to be(come) narrow, tight /Akkadian [ahd]

Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 646b #6> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

jeg*a worthless, bad, ugly /Bilin

Cushitic, East

deega poor /Oromo
zeega poor /Qabena

Semitic

zegaa poor, subject, client /Geez

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 111 #> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

dikk'- small /Proto East Cushitic

t'ikk'- narrow / Proto Highland East Cushitic
c#'ikk'-ad/- narrow /Burji
t'ukk'- small /Hadiyya
d/iggo small /Oromo

Ainu

sak to be lacking, to be without [sm]

Altaic

*c'`iku few, poor /Altaic [ss]

*c'ikán /Turc [ss]
*c'üge-n/ Mongol [ss]
*c'uki/ Tungus [ss]

*sä'gu shallow /Altaic [ss]

*siga-r /Mongol [ss]
*sigi- /Tungus [ss]
*sai-m /Korean [ss]
*sú /Japanese [ss]

*sik`u small, few /Altaic [ss]

*sik /Turc [ss]
*sike- /Tungus [ss]
*skà- /Korean [ss]
*sùkù- /Japanese [ss]

*sio:k`u to be hollow, crack /Altaic [ss]

*suk- 1 to stick in, insert 2 hollow wood, whistle /Turkic [ss]
*sekeg|e / *segeg|e crack, hole /Mongolian [ss]
*si:k- 1 polynya 2 hollow vessel, whistle 3 to put into, insert /Tungus [ss]
*sky/-m, *ski/- 1 crack 2 to insert, to sheath /Korean [ss]
*suk- 1 to be hollow 2 crack, hole /Japanese [ss]

Turkic

cik, -cîk diminitive suffix; sîkî tight /Turkish

Japanese

chikai, short; early; immediate; near; close; shiganai poor; miserable; wretched; sukoshi little; small quantity; sukenai little; few; scanty; sukunai few; little; rare; scanty; meagre

Sino-Tibetan

*Ce>k ( ~ C/-, -i@-) emaciated /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "emaciated; suffering"
ji 2 Modern (Beijing) < z|jek Middle Chinese < z|(h)ek ( ~ z|/-) Old Chinese

c/ac/ to loose weight. /Burmese [ss]

Basque

zeken stingy, miserly; zikoitz niggardly; greedy
txiki-tu (B,G,U) to make small; to reduce; to rip

Caucasian

*z^|i>k.wA> / *k.i>z^|wA> short /North Caucasian [ss]

* ĉ.ik.:w|V- small, short (in height) /Andian [ss]

ĉ.ik.:u-b /Chamalal [ss]

* ĉ:i[k.]V- short /Lezghian [ss]

z^iq:i /Tabasaran; z^aq:e-f /Agul; z^|yk-dy /Rutul; ?z^|it.a-na /Tsakhur [ss]

*k./ac^.w|@ short /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

a-k./a/ ĉ. Abkhaz; ĉ./a ĉ./@ Adyghe; ĉ.as./ Circassian [ss]

*c./_wa":qV few /North Caucasian [ss]

*c.o|x|:- few /Tsezian [ss]

c.ox|x|u /Inkhokvari [ss]

*c.iq.w|- few /Dargwa [ss]

c.i:q.w|aj /Chiragh [ss]

*c^.w|eq.(a) (~-a"-,-i-) few /Lezghian [ss]

c^.uq. /Agul [ss]

Dravidian

*ĉik- small /Dravidian [ss]

*ĉik- small /South Dravidian [ss]

cikka in brief, in a nutshell /Tamil; cikkin.i young, small (said of girls) Malayalam; cikka, ciga little, small, young /Kannada; ci:ku smallness, littleness of size, used of grain and pulse; cikkatana childhood, youth /Kannada; cikk-ad.ake very young, tender areca-nut /Kodagu; cikka little, young, small, short /Tulu; cikini tender, young, small; cikke\ a dwarf; (B-K) cikkeli a small variety of mouse /Tulu [ss]

cikku (cikki-) to become lean or emaciated; cikal (cikalv-, cikan-r--) to diminish, decrease, perish; n. want, ruin (Tamil); cikk- (cikki-) to become tired; cikki numb sensation of mouth produced by areca-nut (Kod.agu); cikku to become lean or thin (Telugu); sik- (-t-) to be reduced (as body), fail (in flesh), pine in fear, etc. (Kond.a)(DEDR 2503). [sk]

cak lean (of meat); cakn lean man; fem. caky (Kota); cakku, cekku stunted, short, lean; cakke a weakling, lean person (Tulu)(DEDR 2268). [sk]

Etruscan

śuci, śucic, sucix piece, part [az96]

Indo-European

Celtic

siogaid a starveling, lean person /Gaelic. [mcb]

Slavic

sićenje satiating, sating; sićušan tiny, minute, microscopic; petty, trifling, paltry; narrow-mindedness; sićušnost smallness, puniness; trifling matter; narrow-mindedness /Serbo-Croatian

Albanian

i/e cekët shallow

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

zakk (v.n.) squeezing, pressing; straightening /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

shaqi poor, miserable, wretched; insolent; villainous, vicious. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says the Persian is found in Arabic but the origin is uncertain.

zaiq, ziq (v.n.) being narrow, strait, or tight; being close, covetous; being unable to hold; tightness; anguish, vexation, grief, melancholy; straits, difficulties; dilemma; [ziqu 's-sadr ('n-nafas), Difficulty of breathing, asthma;] -- zaiyiq, Strait, narrow; close, miserly /Persian

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

zaiqat narrow circumstances, poverty, straits; one of the mansions of the moon; a tract between Ta'if and Hunain /Persian

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

Indo-Aryan

sUcIvaktra having a mouth or aperture as pointed as a needle , too narrow; sUcImukha the point of a needle; a partic. hell BhP. ; n. having a beak &c. as sharp as a nñneedle AV. Pan5cat. ; pointed or sharp as a needle MBh. ; narrow; sUkSma minute , small , fine , thin , narrow , short , feeble , trifling , insignificant , unimportant /Sanskrit [sk]

Blackfoot (Algonquin)

sikk decrease the mass of, lower

Muskogean/Eastern

sikóopa to be poor, be destitute, suffer hardship, be shabby; to be weak, feeble, sickly /Alabama [tm]

{poss. from /sikóopa-a} [tm]

Quechua

chikallanta a little {chikalla " just; only" + -nta "through, across"} [q2]
chuqu narrow and long [q2]

Ulwa

sikitnaka vt. (sikitpi) squeeze (e.g. in fist); crush with hand [ud]
sukutnaka vt. (sukutpi) clench; clinch [ud]

Yuki

tcuk fall4 off [y84]

csikó foal /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #122> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

c#@gw- small (to be) /Proto North Agaw

Cushitic, South

ts'igan- offspring/young /Proto Rift

Caucasian

*ĉ.a">ku> / *ĉa">k.u> young (of animals), boy /North Caucasian [ss]

*ĉik.e A kid /Tsezian [ss]

ĉik.i /Khvarshi; ĉik.e /Inkhokvari; ĉik.e /Bezhita; ĉik.e /Gunzib [ss]

ĉ.aku kid (less than 2-3 y. old) /Lak [ss]

*ĉ.ik.a chicken /Dargwa [ss]

*ĉ.a"k.u-j goat less than 2 years old /Lezghian [ss]

ĉ.ak.u /Agul [ss]

*ĉ./@k.w|@ 1 young boy, youngster 2 small /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

a/- ĉ./k.w|@n 1 /Abkhaz; ĉ./k.w@n 1,2 /Abaza [ss]

szag-gat to rip, rend /Hungarian
szak-ít to rip, tear; szak-ad to fall; tear, rend /Hungarian
szeg to cut, chip, slice /Hungarian

Uralic

soka (n.) plow; sokams (v.) to plow /Erzya [fv]
csák "plow" /Hungarian

Hungarian csák is obsolete. [Chong]

zocoztia "tore" (past tense) /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} (Modern, szakasztotta) [gzb1]
szak-ít to rip, tear; szak-ad to fall; tear, rend /Hungarian
szaggat to rip, rend /Hungarian

-gat is the frequentive suffix of action.

also see Hungarian cikk above

Sumerian

suh (2,3,5) v., to uproot, displace; to relocate, transfer; to become confused [jh]
zìg to expend, go out, uproot; zuh to steal, to rob [jh]
sig3,11 to chop down; sè(g) subdue, to subject [jh]

Niger-Congo (?)

suxi (v.) to uproot, pluck /Wollof [pc2]

Afro-Asiatic

skз to plough /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Austro-Asiatic

cagar. , cagat to tear off; surka to strip off (Santali.lex.) [sk]
sigi to cut deeply with axe (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Altaic

Turkic

saka divide, watershed /Turkmen [glnp]

sökmek 1. to take apart 2. to rip out a seam 3. to plow 4. to reinvestigate;
sökülmek to rip out a seam /Turkmen [glnp]

Japanese

saku, sakeru to tear, split, cleave, rip; sogu to chip; slice off
saku, suku to plough, till; to break up (land)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*šąγ- to dig, to dig out (рыть, копать) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1132]

rąγ- (I) /Chukchee; jąγ-, -cąγ- (I) /Koryak; t(ą)γ- /Alutor [ss]

Sino-Tibetan

*s/e:k cleave, split /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "split"
xi 1 Modern (Beijing) < siek Middle Chinese < se:k Old Chinese [ss]

ãc/heg (p. bs/ags, f. bs/ag, i. s/og to break, to split, gs/og / bs/og (p. gs/ags, bs/ags, f. gs/ag, bs/ag, i. gs/og) to cleave, to split, to tear. /Tibetan

*z|he/k /Kiranti [ss]

Basque

saki (LN) a large tear in clothing; sakitu to cut, make an incision (L,LN,U)
sega scythe; sega-tu (C) to cut, harvest

Dravidian

sugi to tear off, strip off, peel (Kannad.a); coxna_ to pluck, cull (Kur.ux); coge to pluck off, set free; cogre to drop off, get free (Malt.o)(DEDR 2644). [sk]

cakkai chips (Tamil); cake rind of fruits (Tamil); cekku to pare, cut the side or rind of; n. the rind or parings of fruits, etc. (Telugu); cekka piece (Naikri, Gondi); sek to plane, fashion things out of wood (Kond.a); sespa planing, scraping (?Kui); sesa shavings (?Kui); seka piece (?Kui); cakta_ a slice (Kur.ux); cegla_ chip, splinter (Kur.ux); caka a slice ; (Malt.o)(DEDR 2748). [sk]

sigul.u, si_l., si_l.u to split, to be cleft; splitting; a split, a fragment, a piece (Kannad.a); sigur-, sigur-u, sibar-u, sivar-u, sivur-u a splinter (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

sigasu to have split as wood; sigi to split as wood; to tear or rend with teeth as sugarcane /Kannad.a; sekke, cakke a chip; sekku to put in, to insert; serku id. /Kannad.a; cakke, cekke, sakke, sekke (Tadbhava of s'alka) a chip of wood /Kannad.a; cakke, cekke /Telugu; cakkai /Tamil; cakke a chip of wood or of stone /Kannad.a; cekku /Telugu; sigul.u, si_l., si_l.u to split, to be cleft; splitting; a split, a fragment, a piece /Kannad.a [sk]

cu_gna_ to harrow (Kur.ux); cge to poke, stir; cgure to poke, pick (as one's teeth or ear)(Malt.o)(DEDR 2719)[sk]

Etruscan

seci to cut, smash
śucri, śuxu dividing,cutting part [az96]

(1) Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

sukustan to be broken or torn up /Persian [fjs]

shaqq (v.n.) splitting, tearing; cutting (a tooth); being difficult, troublesome (any work); remaining open (the eye of a corpse); being separate from one's people; separating, scattering; throwing into difficulties, paining, grieving; a fissure, crack, crevice; a half; day-break, dawn [shaqq khwurdan, To be or become split;<-> shaqq zadan (kardan), To tear, split, divide;]; shuquq (pl. of shaqq), Fissures, rents, crevices, chinks. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

shaqa'iq (pl. of shaqiqat) fissures, cracks; etc. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

shaqb, shiqb a cleft in a mountain or rock; a narrow pass between two hills; etc. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

shiqqat the half, especially of anything split or torn the long way; a chip of wood; a rag of cloth /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

(2) Indo-European

Reconstruction

*sek cut /PIE [js]

Italic

sĕco sĕcare sĕcŭi sectum, to cut, amputate, to wound, hurt; to divide, part /Latin

Slavic

sjeći hew, chop; split; lop, prune /Serbo-Croatian
sjeknuti to make short (sharp) cut /Serbo-Croatian
sekať cut /Slovak

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

suk 'a cutting, a trim'
suki 'cut off, trim, pare' (cl.1)

tz'ohk (from c'ok) 'broken part or half, piece, broken off end'

tz'ok 'a breaking, a snapping in two, an opening up'
tz'okem 'broken'
tz'okemir 'a break, a snap'
tz'oki 'break a thing, break in two, pull apart, open up' (cl.1)
tz'okbah 'break in two of itself, open itself up (said of the sky, meaning "to rain")'

Muskogean/Eastern

chikoffi to cut a piece (of meat), slice a piece (of meat) /Alabama [tm]
chikòoli to cut meat, slice meat, butcher (plural objects) /Alabama [tm]

szak-ad to fall, drop; tear, rend /Hungarian

Ainu

cikka to drop [sm]

Etruscan

seka to fall, founder [az96]

szakad-ék abyss, precipice, gap /Hungarian < szak-ad to fall, drop; tear, rend /Hungarian

Sumerian

sukud, zugud height, depth; tall, high [jh]

Altaic

suki, sukima crevice, chink, gap,crack /Japanese

Indo-European

psu^gma, atos, to IV. chink, fissure /Classical Greek [lsj1]

suka a crack, a gorge, a pass [id] /Thracian
šùkė [id] /Lithuanian

szikk to dry, dessicate /Hungarian

Basque

siku (B) arid
xukatu (U) to drain, dry (something) off; to remove water from

Dravidian

cukku (cukki-) to get dry /Tamil; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel; cukku dry /Malayalam [sk]

Indo-European

Greek

psuchô dry, make dry /Classical Greek [lsj1]

Italic

siccus dry /Latin

zsugor-od to shrink; zsugor-i miser, niggard // miserly, niggardly /Hungarian

Sumerian

sig 9 narrow [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

sgrh. to quell, make to cease /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Altaic/Turkic

ÿygryl-mak 1. to shrink, be shy 2. to waver /Turkmen [glnp]
ÿygyr-mak 1. to crumple, twist, wrinkle 2. to draw in /Turkmen [glnp]

Basque

xuhur miserly; tight-fisted (with money)
zuhur wise, sensible, cautious, prudent; observant, shrewd, keen; stingy, economical, thrifty

Dravidian

surku, sukku to contract, shrivel, shrink, fade; surku, sukku, sun:ku, sokku contracting, shrivelling, shrinking, a wrinkle /Kannad.a; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel (Malayalam) [sk]

Indo-European

Celtic

sgrog, sgrogag anything shrivelled, a shrivelled old woman, old cow or ewe /Gaelic, sgrog, shrivel; from the Scottish scrog, a stunted bush, sgroggy, stunted, English scraggy, Danish skrog, Swed. skrokk, anything shrunken, Norse skrokkr; sgruigean neck of a bottle, the neck (in ridicule) /Gaelic, Irish sgruigín, neck of a bottle, short-necked person; sgruit an old shrivelled person, a thin person /Gaelic, Irish sgruta, an old man, sgrutach, lean, sgrut, a contemptible person; cf. Norse skrudda, a shrivelled skin, old scroll [mcb]

Slavic

skratiti to shorten, abbreviate, cut, abridge, reduce in size; contract /Serbo-Croatian
skrb care; thrift, thriftiness; concern, worry; sorrow /Serbo-Croatian
skrbiti be thrifty, save /Serbo-Croatian
skrutiti to stiffen; solidify; coagulate, set, curdle /Serbo-Croatian
škrt stingy, avaricious, mean, miserly /Serbo-Croatian
skrčiť sa shrink /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian/Avestan

zhghórem keep /Pashto [tr]

Indo-Aryan/Sanskrit

su~gor.an. to shrink /Lahnda_; sa~gor.n.a_, su~gor.n.a_ to contract, draw up (as the arms and legs) /Punja_bi_; sakor.na_, sikor.na_, si~kor.na_ to contract, compress, crumple together; suker.na_, saker.na_ /Hindi_; sa~_gur.o narrow/Kumauni_; sa~_guro /Nepa_li; sa~_kur /Or.iya_; sa~_kar narrow; n. narrow lane /Hindi_; sakra_ tight, narrow /Hindi_; sa~_kr.u~ /Gujara_ti_; sa~_kad., sa~_kd.a_ tight, narrow /Mara_t.hi_; sa~_kad., sa~_kd.e~ a difficulty /Mara_t.hi_ [sk]

POINTEDNESS, EDGE, BORDER, SUDDENNESS, ANGULARITY, SEVERITY

csák-ány pickaxe; csáklya grappling hook/iron; pickaxe; csák plow [archaic] /Hungarian
szeg 1) measure of land (archaic); 2) nail; 3) to break an oath /Hungarian
szek-erce << "szeg + érc" metal tipped "érc", pointed weapon, battle ax /Hungarian
szig-ony harpoon /Hungarian
szikl-ás rocky, craggy /Hungarian
zakl-at to molest, worry /Hungarian
zökk-en to jolt /Hungarian
zuh-an to fall suddenly, thud /Hungarian

Uralic

süng a wedge /Ugrian

Sumerian

sukur spear, lance [jh]

Scythian

sag-aris battle ax [Herodotus]

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic

sikkatu peg; zaqpu pointed /Akkadian [oi3]

skh N skt) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA nail 2 Palestinian,Syr ploughshare 3 Syr wedge 4 Syr wart 5 JBA thorn 6 Palestinian peg

LS2 472

LS2 v: sek.t_A)

skyn N skyn) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA knife

LS2 474, J 990

pl: s:ak.iyne)
LS2 v: sak.iyn

xcyn N xcyn) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Syr,JBA axe

LS2 251

LS2 V: xaciynA)

syqwr N syqwr) /Aramaic [cal]

1 JLATg,Syr axe

LS2 496

LS2 v: siyquwrA)

Altaic

iuk`e to carve, tear /Altaic [ss]

*so"k- to split, tear apart /Turkic [ss]

so"k- Old Turkic; so"k- Turkmen [ss]

*su"ke axe /Mongolian [ss]

suke (SH) /Middle Mongolian; su"x /Khalkha; su"k@ /Kalmuck; sugu, suge: /Dagur; sugo /Monguor [ss]

*ŝuk- 1 chisel 2 to carve, engrave 3 to hit (with horns), butt, strike 4 notches on bow ends /Tungus [ss]

ŝuki- 3, ŝukun 4 /Manzhu; ĉuktuli- 2 (On.) /Nanai [ss]

*sa\ki/- to carve, engrave /Korean [ss]

sa\ki/- /Middle Korean [ss]

*s[e:]ĉ wise, careful /Altaic [ss]

*seĉ- to choose, select /Turkic
*seĉe-n wise, clever /Mongolian
*sa:ĉe be careful /Tungus
*sa/t@/- ( ~ -ua) wise /Japanese [ss]

Turkic

sygys a wedge /AncTurkic
ĉakan battle-axe (Kazakh, Kyrgyz); ĉaqan battle-axe (Uigur) [Chong]

çiçeñ to the point, right; çiçeñ atïghcï good marksman; çiçeñ çooxtandï s/he spoke to the point, hit the mark /Khakas [kl]

Tungus

suhe axe; suhecen a small axe /Manchu [as]

Japanese

sōga claws and teeth; fangs

Austric

toki, piau axe /Mäori [ng]

Caucasian

*c.@q.V ( ~ -o>-,-e>-) sharp /North Caucasian [ss]

*c.o|q.V- ( ~ -o-) sharp /Tsezian [ss]

c.oq.iju /Tsezi; c.oq.q.u /Khvarshi

*c.aq.- sharp /Dargwa [ss]

c.aq.-si /Akusha [ss]

Dravidian

cakna_ to sharpen an edge instrument, whet (Kurux.); cake to sharpen, whet (Malt.o)(DEDR 2277). [sk]

Etruscan

śaca point; śacri to fix, fasten; śacrni "sharp, pointed" [az96]
śacrtuna incisor, chisel; śacu, śaxu "acute, wise" [az96]; < *stakh- "point, sharpness" [az96]

Indo-European

Italic

see Latin sac- [az96]
see Latin sagax "shrewd, acute", sagio, staca [az96]

sĕcūris -is, axe, hatchet; esp. the headman's axe, hence supreme power, Roman supremacy; sĭca -ae dagger, dirk, poniard [Cassell]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

tshakush, tshaakuss hammer /Pashto [tr]

chakhmakh a battle-axe fastened to the saddle; etc /Persian [fjs]

chakhmagh, chakhmaq a kind of battle-axe; etc /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says chakhmagh, chakhmaq also in Turkish without proof positive to which it belongs originally

Indo-Aryan

sUcIvaktra having a mouth or aperture as pointed as a needle , too narrow; sUcImukha the point of a needle; a partic. hell BhP. ; n. having a beak &c. as sharp as a nñneedle AV. Pan5cat. ; pointed or sharp as a needle MBh. ; narrow; sUkSma minute , small , fine , thin , narrow , short , feeble , trifling , insignificant , unimportant; sUca a pointed shoot or blade of Kus3a grass; f. pointing out , indication Ja1takam. ; piercing; gesticulation; spying out , sight , seeing; sUcI a needle or any sharppointed instrument (e.g. `" a needle used in surgery "' , `" a magnet "' &c.) RV.; the sharp point or tip of anything or any pointed object Ka1v. /Sanskrit [sk]

Quechua

chici splinter; chuki spear [q2]

Ulwa

suksuk spear, lance [ud]

Yuki

są(·)k, sah-ahk, sŭk', sank, sükh tooth, teeth [y84]

csecs pap, breast, teat /Hungarian
csecsemő suckling; baby; infant {/cs/ similar to /ch/ sound}/Hungarian

Altaic

*č`ăjižV breast /Altaic [ss]

*čijči /Turc [ss]
*čegeži /Mongol [ss]
*ča(i)ža-n /Tungus [ss]
*čjóč /Korean [ss]
*, *tìti /Japan [ss]

Dravidian

ca_ci mother's milk (nursery)/Tamil; ca_ci, ta_ci a childish word for the female breast /Kannad.a; ca_ci woman's breast /Telugu [sk]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

Iranian

chuchu a nipple /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

cu_cuka nipple (R.Pali.); cucuka, cucu_ka /Sanskrit; cu_a /Prakrit; cuci /Sanskrit [sk]

Quechua

chuchu nipple, breast [q1]
chichiy to suckle; to nurse; to give milk [q2]
chuchuchiy to suckle; to nurse; to give milk [q2]

csúcs point; summit, pinnacle; csücske point, tip; corner {/cs/ similar to /ch/ sound}/Hungarian

Altaic

*ĉ`[i]ĉ`V spout, prick, penis /Altaic [ss]

*ĉiĉi- 1 to prick 2 prick, thorn, sprout /Mongolian [ss]

ĉiĉigina 'herb root' /Middle Mongolian; ĉiĉi- 1, ĉiĉu":r 2 /Khalkha; ĉiĉ@- 1, ĉiĉu":r, ĉiĉe|:sn. 2 /Kalmuck; ĉiĉi- 1 /Dagur [ss]

*ĉiĉ 1 penis 2 spout (of a tea-pot) /Tungus [ss]

ĉoĉo 1 /Manzhu; ĉi.ĉi.qo 2 /Nanai; ĉi.ĉu. 1,2 /Ulcha; tu.tu. 1 /Orok [ss]

*ĉa:>ĉi penis /Korean [ss]

ĉa:z^|i (orth. ĉa:>ĉi), ĉot (orth. ĉoĉ) /Modern Korean [ss]

Turkic

çiçeñ to the point, right; çiçeñ atïghcï good marksman; çiçeñ çooxtandï s/he spoke to the point, hit the mark /Khakas [kl]

Japanese

chōjō mountain top, summit, peak

Caucasian

*c.o>c.V ( ~ c._) tip, spout /North Caucasian [ss]

*c.uc.- ( ~ -o-) spout (of a tea-pot, jar) /Nakh [ss]

c.uzam /Chechen [ss]

*c.oc.(a) 1. spout (of a tea-pot) 2. clitoris; ring-stone /Lezghian [ss]

c.uc. /Lezghi; c.yc. 2 /Kryz [ss]

Muskogean/Eastern

chiichi penis Usage: Euphemism, nursery word /Alabama [tm]

Sardu/Sardinian

cùccuru "peak (of a mountain)" [slc]

A pre-Roman word [slc]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

čuč sprout, tendril, baby plant; little finger /Baluchi [mab]

szeg 1) measure of land (archaic); 2) nail; 3) to break an oath /Hungarian
szegély hem, seam, border, edge, margin /Hungarian

Sumerian

zag, boundary, border, limit, side; cusp, beginning; territory, district, place; sanctuary; percentage; a measure for fish; shoulder; right (side); front; outside of [jh]

Altaic

*ĉ`ake boundary, section /Altaic [ss]

* ĉ ygyr 1 boundary, limit 2 small path /Turkic [ss]

ĉ yg|yr 2 /Old Turkic; ĉ ygyr 2 /Turkish [ss]
ĉ ygyr 1 /Turkmen [ss]

* ĉ ig direction /Mongolian [ss]

ĉ ig /Khalkha [ss]

* ĉ aki- 1 partition (in house) 2 to tread a path /Tungus [ss]

ĉ axin 1 /Manzhu; ĉ aki- 2 /Evenki [ss]

* ĉ ha/i section of a building /Korean [ss]

ĉ ha/i Middle Korean; ĉ ha" Modern Korean [ss]

*siga border, interval /Altaic [ss]

*sygra 1 valley 2 interval between two fingers /Turkic [ss]

syg|ra 1, syg|raq 2 /Old Turkic [ss]

*sig- interval /Tungus [ss]

si, sidu /Manzhu; hidla /Even; sigdile: /Evenki [ss]

*sa\ka\pi\ border /Japanese [ss]

sa\ka\pji\ Old Japanese; sakai Tokyo [ss]

Turkic

çagha girdle, seam, edge /Khakas < CT *yaka [kl]

In Sagay, Koybal dialects obsol collar [kl]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*cą.cqa.- "the cord of average/mean thickness" (шнур средней толщины) 1; "to edge" (оторочить) 2 /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1565]

ina-ccącqat- (III) 2 /Koryak; cącqa-nγeŋ1 /Palan [ss]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

si_ga^l-ôma, atos, to,

I. instrument for smoothing or polishing, esp. of shoemakers for smoothing leather
II. border, edging of a dress

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

síc (f.) hem of a garment or robe /Sanskrit

szék chair, seat, throne /Hungarian

Altaic

Turkic

*säki, *sakü /Old Turkic [Chong]

saGõ, sak bench, etc. (Chuvash); säkü bench (Kipchak); seki base of a column or pillar; a stone that is used for sitting (Turkish); säkü booth, stall; counter (in a store); platform (Turk - Kashgari)

seki porch /Turkmen [glnp]

tsek "couch, bed" /Cuman [pbg]

Mongol

següke, seüke portable chair (Literary Mongol) [Chong]

Japanese

seki a seat; one's place; sûki helm of state

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

Iranian

tshawki chair /Pashto [tr]

sako, suko a sofa, settle, bench, garden-seat /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

cau~ki_ stool /Sindhi_; cauki_ square low seat /Hindi_; caukho, cauko wooden seat /Kumauni_; cauki chair /Nepa_li; coki_ square low seat /Gujara_ti_; cauk square /Lahnda_; cok square, market, number four /Gujara_ti_; caukkka set of four, cross-roads, square /Prakrit; cau~ku frame of door, square; cau~ko figure 4/Sindhi_; cak increased by four (Bhoj.); cauk square, market /Hindi_; cok square, market, number four /Gujara_ti_; coko quadrangular spot, cooking place/Gujara_ti_ [sk]

Muskogean/Eastern

chiika2 to sit, take a seat, settle down (of several) /Alabama [tm]

Quechua

chukuna stool [q2]

szög- angle, corner, pointed /Hungarian
zug corner /Hungarian

Altaic

*zök`o side; corner; direction /Altaic [ss]

*jak /Turc [ss]
*züg /Mongol [ss]
*zuku- /Tungus [ss]
*dòkò /Japanese [ss]

Basque

xoko (L,LN), zoko corner; zoko-tsu angular

szig-or severity, sternness /Hungarian

Sino-Tibetan

*s/ikw| severe, violent /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "be solemn; eager, fast" [ss]
su 4 Modern (Beijing) < sju"k Middle Chinese < sikw| Old Chinese

s/ugs power, energy. /Tibetan
(?) z^|a?2 be hard, solid, (H) az^|a forcibly. /Kachin
sok violently, hard, with force, roughly. /Lushei [ss]

Basque

zakar (B,G,L,U) coarse, rough, harsh; zakar-tu to be rough, become rude, become gruff
zigor punishment, whip (LN); zigor-tu (C) to punish

Dravidian

sa~_ku to educate, foster (Telugu)(DEDR 2427). [sk]

Indo-European

Indo-Iranian

s'iks. learn; s'iks.an.a act of learning; in cmpd. teaching; s'iks.a_ punishment (Sanskrit) [sk]

sikha learning (Sindhi_); sikkh advice (Punja_bi_); si_kh (Kumauni_); dekha-siki imitation (Nepa_li); sikha advice, instruction (Old Awadhi_); si_kh (Hindi_); si_kha advice (Old Gujara_ti_); si_kh punishment (Gujara_ti_); hik study (Sinhalese) [sk]

Quechua

siqullu // seqollo whip [q2]

Trick, deceive, trap

csal cheat, to bait on; csel a ruse, trick /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian csal "to cheat" is of unknown origin. [Chong]
While csel is officially thought to derive from csal. {Chong]

Mesopotamia

sa net,cord; sa-g'a captive /Sumerian
sal trap, cheat, trick /Babylonian

Altaic

*t`a:la to plunder, seduce /Altaic [ss]

*ta:la- 1 to rob, plunder 2 to harm, slander /Turkic [ss]

tala- 1 /Old Turkic; tala- 1 /Turkish; ta:la- 1 /Turkmen; tola- 2 /Chuvash [ss]

*tala- to rob /Mongolian [ss]

tala- (SH) /Middle Mongolian; tal- /Khalkha; tal@- /Kalmuck [ss]

*ta\r'a/i- to lure, seduce /Korean [ss]

ta\r'a/i- Middle Korean [ss]

*ta/ra/-s- to deceive, lure /Japanese [ss]

ta/ra/-s- Old Japanese; taras-u Tokyo [ss]

Tungus

jalidambi to cheat /Manchu [as]

Indo-European

chal stumble; deceive; chalay, -yati deceive, cheat /Sanskrit
chalin, jAlika cheat, swindler /Sanskrit
skhalita fraud, deceit /Sanskrit

csap trick, trap /Hungarian
tév-ed to be mistaken, wrong, in error < self-deception ?; tév-es erroneous, wrong /Hungarian {b>v}

Uralic

One official source says Hungarian tév- is derived from a F-U root.

*tep3- (PUg) [Chong]

Another source says téved- is derived from an earlier tév- which is the root of Ugric origin. [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 578 #> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

*sab- deceive /Proto East Cushitic

sibaabbo'o spider /Burji; sab- sasab- flatter /Somali; sisob- deceive /Boni; sosob- deceive /Bayso; sob- lie /Oromo; sassap- deceive /Konso; sob- deceive /Burji; sosob- slip slide /Afar; sapsapic#c#e spider /Harso; sapsapic#c#e spider /Dobase; saapsapitte spider /Gollango; sasapate spider /Elmolo; s#aazi spider /Dasenech

Altaic

*t`apV to trick, caper /Altaic [ss]

*Teb trick, device /Turkic [ss]

teb /Old Turkic [ss]

*tebede- to fuss, dither; hurry /Mongolian [ss]

tebede- /Written Mongolian [ss]
tevde- /Khalkha [ss]

*tabsa- to caper /Tungus [ss]

tapsi.ĉi.- /Orok; tawsa- /Even; tawha-, tapsa:n- /Evenki [ss]

*ta/pa/- to caper /Japanese [ss]

tapa-k-, tapa-r- (RJ ta/pa/bu/r-) /Old Japanese [ss]
tawake/ru, tawamure/ru /Tokyo [ss]

Dravidian

tappu (tappi-) deception, falsehood; fault, error (Tamil); tappar-ai < dabbar-a (Telugu) falsehood, deception, irregularity, error (Tamil); tap- (tapy-) to make mistake (Kota); tappal stumbling, erring (Kannad.a); tabbarisu to slip, stumble (Kannad.a); tappu fault (Tulu); tappu error, mistake (Telugu); tappud.u erring (Telugu); dabbar-a a lie; false, dishonest; dabbu to lie; n. deceit, lying (Telugu); tap- (-t-) to miss or fail, falter (Kond.a); dapa lie; false (Kui); tappu ki_nai to misdo; tapu wrong, sin, error (Kuwi)(DEDR 3071). [sk]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1] (?)

apa^taô cheat, deceive // Pass., to be self-deceived, mistaken

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

*dab- to deceive /Proto Iranian [Cheung]

Avestan dab- `to deceive' ; Parthian: (nomin.) db `trick, ruse' ; Sogdian: (+ *pari-) (nomin.) CSogd. prdbn `deceit' ; Chorasmian: (+ *pari-) prd|bs- `to be deceived', (caus.) prd|'by- `to deceive', (nomin.) brd|'b `deceit' ; New East Iranian: Oss. I. davyn/davd, D. davun/davd `to steal', Wa. d|ûv(û)y-/d|ovoyd, d|ûw(û)y-/d|owoyd `to steal', also bûw-/bowd `to deceive', ?? Yi. lou:-/lowa/i `to graze'

Indo-Aryan

Sanskrit cognates: dabh- `to deceive' (RV+) [Cheung]

Indo-European reconstruction: *dhebh- `to deceive, harm (someone), belittle, lessen' [Cheung]

csap-da a trap, snare /Hungarian

Sino-Tibetan

*[C/]uap cage /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

s/ubs cage, covering, sheath. /Tibetan [ss]

c/ap a cage for a criminal. /Burmese [ss]

Afro-Asiatic

šp trap /Phœnician [cgj]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 625 #. [oi4]

Cushitic, East

tebbee trap /Burji
dab- trap /Somali
tibin trap /Boni

Austro-Asiatic

t.apok, t.epok a bird trap; dhar.ap to be caught in trap (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Dravidian

tu_pi rat-trap (Kond.a); tu_pi trap for fish, rats, etc. (Kuwi)(DEDR 3386).[sk]

Sumerian

dab (2,4,5), dib (2) (n.), fetter; (v.), to hold; to take, seize, catch; to bind, tie up; to take away; to hire; to receive (motion into open container). [jh]

dab 6, da 5 to surround; to beset, besiege [jh]

tab (v.), to hold, clasp; to bind; etc. [jh]

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Additions by Fred Hámori in red.

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Last updated 3 June 2008