Magyar
Word List
BU-CS
List is approximately in English alphabetical order not Hungarian.
buk fall, tumble, trip, dive; buk-ás fall; downfall, be tripped, defeat; collapse; failure /Hungarian
Uralic
buk fall, tumble, trip, dive; buk-ás fall; downfall, be tripped, defeat; collapse; failure /Hungarian
Indo-European
Slavic
buk waterfall, cascade, cataract /Serbo-Croatian << Altaic
poklona bow, bowing, obeisance /Slovak
Germanic
Danish buk
Sino-Tibetan
*bhy>k lie down [ss]
Chinese "to lie down; to put down, submit"
[Also used metaphorically: 'to lie down (before smb.)' > 'to admire, esteem'. [ss]]
fu 2 Modern (Beijing) < bu"k Middle Chinese < b@k Old Chinese
bok (bo?) to lie down or recline (as animals on the stomach). /Lushei [ss]
Altaic
*p`ok`i to fall [ss]
Turc *ök- [ss]
Mongol *(h)öke- [ss]
Tungus *puklē- [ss]
bükk(fa) 'beech (tree)' /Hungarian
Uralic
Altaic [ss]
*bük 1 wood, forest 2 hill 3 meadow 4 valley between mountains /Proto Turkic
Germanic
German buche, buchenholz; Dutch beuk, beukeboom, beukehout; Swedish bok
Romance
Italian faggio; Rumanian fag (bot.)
Slavic
bűn crime, offence; sin; evil, vice /Hungarian
Uralic
One official source believes Hungarian bűn to be possibly of Turkic origin.
Another suggests possibly an Old Turkic origin but is unlikely due to phonological problems [Chong]
Afro-Asiatic
baane, bani, boni, boone, bwne evil, misfortune /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
bwwn bad; evil, misfortune /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic
? fena bad (Turkish) [Chong]
bürü footbridge /Hungarian
Uralic
Hungarian bürü is also believed to be a loan from Slavic.
Afro-Asiatic (?)
Semitic
(br V /Aramaic [cal]
011 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA to cross over
012 Palestinian,Syr,JBA to pass by
013 Syr to flood
014 Syr to traverse
0112 JLAGal,JBA %(l% to transgress
024 JLATg to bring across
025 Palestinian to cause to pass
027 JLATg to transfer
028 JLATg to transgress
041 Syr to pass by
055 JLATg to be passed through
031 Syr to make to pass by
032 Syr to expel
033 Syr to transport
0311 Syr to carry across
0314 Syr to pass
LS2 507, J 1040
Austric
piriti, arahanga bridge /Mäori [ng]
Mäori piriti is said to derive from English
Dravidian
pa_lam bridge; dam, embankment, projecting wharf, jetty (Tamil.lex.) pa_l.am bridge (Tamil.Tinn.); pa_lam bridge over rivers or to connect the walls of compounds (Malayalam); pa.lm (obl. pa.lt-) bridge (Kota); po.lm (obl. po.lt-) id. (Toda); pa_la id. (Kannad.a); pa.la bridge made of tree, etc. (Kod.agu) [sk]
Etruscan
peris passage, footbridge [az96]
Indo-European
Celtic/Gaulish
bri'ua a bridge [cb]
Classical Greek [lsj1]
poros, ho, (peirô, peraô) means of passing a river, ford, ferry 2. narrow part of the sea, strait 3. periphr., poroi halos the paths of the sea, i.e. the sea 4. artificial passage over a river, bridge 5. generally, pathway, way 6. passage through a porous substance, opening
Albanian
*ur(u)a: /Proto Albanian [bd] < u(e)r(u)-? bow, doorway? /PIE [bd]
ure' bridge [bd]
Slavic
brv wooden footbridge; log /Serbo-Croatian
brod 'ford' /Slovak; bro:d, bro\ \da `ford' /Serbo-Croatian < *bhrodh-o- 'ford' /PIE [rd]
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
peretûm [peretu] bridge /Avestan
barida a narrow pass; a ferry, ford /Persian [fjs]
Indo-Aryan
pa_li a causeway, bridge (Skt.lex.) [sk]
Quechua
waru ford [q2]
Thick, rich, swollen; jammed; crowded
busás ? rich, ample; dús thick, rich, abundant, opulent /Hungarian
Etruscan
tusiu, tusnu swollen, jammed, rich, smug, excited [az96]
Dravidian
tu_cu cloth, garment, cotton (Tamil); du_su, du_sa, du_s.ya cloth, cotton, calico (Kannad.a) [sk]
Indo-European
Greek
da^sus, eia, u, Ion. fem. dasea /Calssical Greek [lsj1]
I. with a shaggy surface
1. hairy, shaggy 2. thick with leaves 3. generally, rough, thick 4. d. oura cloudy
II. 1. hoarse 2. aspirated
Indo-Iranian
du_s.ya fine cotton cloth /Sanskrit [sk]
tuskó ?? log; block, wedge; tuszk-ol to push, to shove /Hungarian
Indo-European/Slavic
tiska throng, crush; crowd; jam /Serbo-Croatian
tiesniť sa throng /Slovak
búza wheat /Hungarian
Uralic
Hungarian is officially of Turkish origin.[Chong]
Niger-Congo (?)
basoo (n.) sorghum /Mandinka [pc1]
Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 287 #2> [oi4]
Cushitic
Agaw
ba"saw , ba"so dish of roasted grain /Bilin
Cushitic, East
bassoo dish of roasted grain /Oromo; bus#a /Saho
Cushitic, South
basoro millett /Iraqw
Semitic
basso meal of roasted barley /Amharic; basso /Tigrinya; basso dish of roasted grain /Tigre
Omotic
buc#'c#'oo bread /Shinasha
Altaic
Turkic
bugˆda (Azeri); bugday (Common Turkic); bodai (Tatar); bugˆday (Turkish) / bughdoy (Uzbek) [Chong]
? bede hay /Turkmen [glnp]
Mongol
boodai (Khalkha) [Chong]
Tungus
buda cooked cereal (Manchu) [Chong]
Dravidian
bu_su a generic term for cereal grains, the grasses, and the esculent culms (Kannad.a); bu_sad.agarige a corn-dealer (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a.lex.); busa, bus'a, bus.a chaff and other refuse of grain; refuse, rubbish; dr cow-dung (Kannad.a.lex.) [sk]
Indo-European/ Indo-Iranian
busa chaff, any rubbish; bus'a, bu_s.a /Sanskrit [sk]
bhUjambu wheat /Sanskrit
bhusa_ra, bhum.sa_ra, bhu_sa, bhu_m.sa a generic term for cereal grains, the grasses, and the esculent culms (Mara_t.hi_) [sk]
buzogány 'mace, club' /Hungarian
Uralic
Magyar buzogány 'mace, club'
An ancient Magyar weapon but not one of the oldest. It was as yet unknown to the Magyar during Settlement in the 9th. century. This weapon began to be known among Western nations during the 14th. century, and earlier by the Magyar in the middle of the 13th. century brought in by the new settlers such as the Cuman or perhaps the Tatar. The Magyar name comes from a Turkic word such as boszgán or buszgán
Régi magyar fegyver, bar nem a legrégebbiek közül való. A honfoglaló magyarság még nem ismerte; Bölcs Leo császár «Taktikája»szerint Árpád népének támadó fegyverei közé a nyil, kard és kopja tartozott,; az ősmagyar leletekben ezeken kivül ritkábban még csákány vagy fokos is előfordul, de buzogányt egyben sem találtak. A B. a XIV. század folyamán kezd a nyugati népeknél ismeretessé válni, nálunk valamivel előbb terjedhetett el s alighanem a XIII. század közepén letelepült kunok honosították meg, vagy pedig a tatárok. A neve mindenesetre arra mutat, hogy a törökségtől került hozzánk; a boszgán v. buszgán a. m. zuzó, romboló, ami teljesen kifejezi a fegyvernem tulajdonképeni rendeltetését. Ez egyszersmind mutatja, hogy vezéri vagy fejedelmi jelvényül való használata későbbi eredetü. Valószinüleg legelőbb az oszmán törökök alkalmazták a bizánci és nyugat-európai sceptrum mintájára s tőlük jött át hozzánk, midőn az erdélyi fejedelmelmek B.- t küldtek a fejedelmi székbe való beiktatásuk alkalmával. A M. N. Muzeum régiségtárában van egy pár ilyen, türkiszekkel kirakott stb. fejedelmi buzogány, többek közt egy II. Rákóczi György cimerével. Mind a mellett már egy 1512. képen (Arch. Ért. 1891, 391.) azt látjuk, hogy a XVI. sz. elején a magyar főuri viselet kiegészitő része a B. volt. A B.-nak többféle változata ismeretes; nálunk a legrégibb formája az u. n. tollas B., mely öt, hat vagy hét háromszögü lapból álló szárnyszerü kiágazással volt ellátva, ezeknél a fej idoma hegyére állított négyszöghöz hasonló; későbbi a gerezdes B., melynél a szárnyak szorosan egymás mellett vannak, ennél a fej körteidomu s ilyenek vagy gömbös fejüek voltak a török szultánoktól ajándékozott disz-buzogányok; egy más változat volt a tüskés B. vagy csatacsillag, melynek nálunk legrégibb emléke a XV. század kezdetéről való homoród-szent-mártoni falfestmény kun vitézeinek a buzogánya; a láncos B.-nál vagy láncos botnál a B.-fej egy lánccal van a nyéllel összekötve. (Arch. Ért. 1890. 403.) [source]
Indo-European
Latin/Romance
Rumanian buzdugan
Slavic
Slovak budzogán; Czech budzogán; Serbo-Croatian buzdovan; Polish buzdygan; Bulgarian боздуган (bozdugan)
csákány pickaxe /Hungarian
Uralic
Turkic
Indo-European
Slavic
Slovak čakan
cédula slip, scrap of paper /HungarianUralic
Hungarian cédula is most likely a loan.
(Hungarian /c/ sounds like /tz/}
Austro-Asiatic
cit.ha a note, a written order; hat cit.hae emadina he gave me a written order; hat cit.ha menaka ona iate poesa reak botor banukan there is a written order so there is no fear about the money; cit.hi_ a letter, an epistle (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Basque
zedula (U) document, card, certificate
Dravidian
ca_tan-am seal, signet; document, any instrument in writing (Tamil lex.); ca_takam voucher, evidence; ca_tan-amur-i a promise or voucher in writing (W.G.); ca_tan-a_ntaram an additional document or voucher (W.G.); ca_tan-a-p-pattirikai a document, will; ca_tan-a-pattiram title deed, deed of grant inscribed on copper plate (J.); sale-deed (Tamil lex.); cittu a rough copy or draft (Kannad.a,Telugu); a blot, as of ink; a blot, an obliteration of something written; corrections in writing (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]
Indo-European
Germanic
chit letter, note /English
Slavic
cedulja piece (slip, scrap) of paper, note, ticket /Serbo-Croatian
cedulka ticket /Slovak
Indo-Iranian
chit.t.ha_ an account, a memorandum of money paid; wages, especially of state servants; a long letter; chit.t.ha_ ta_rna_ to pay servants' wages, to pay a bill, to clear accounts; chitta_ tasdi_k the preliminary statement of holdings; chit.t.hi_ a letter, a note; a certificate, an order; a draft (Punja_bi_ lex.) [sk]
cékla beetroot /Hungarian
Uralic
Indo-European
Italic/Romance
Slovak cvikľa; Polish burak ćwikłowy, burak; Russian свекла, свекловица, бурак
cérna string, thread /Hungarian
Altaic
*ĉu/r/i string, to string /Altaic [ss]
*dir/- / *du"r/- to bead, string, range in a row /Turkic [ss]
tiz- /Old Turkic; diz- /Turkish; tez- /Tatar; du"z- /Azeri; du"z- /Turkmen; tir- /Chuvash; tis- /Yakut [ss]
also see Hungarian tűz (1) "to fasten with a pin" (2) to shine, blaze
siren sinew, thread /Manchu [as]
Dravidian
*kajir- rope, string /Dravidian; *cēr- /Telugu [ss]
ce.ri coconut fibre, coir (Kod.agu); ce_ru string, cord /Telugu; ce_ri fibre /Tulu [sk]
Indo-European/Germanic
gearn yarn /Old English < *garnō string /Germanic [ahd]
ceruza 'pencil' /Hungarian
Uralic
Magyar ceruza 'pencil' < Latin
Magyar irón 'pencil'
Indo-European
Italic/Romance
Latin cerussa -ae 'white lead'
Slavic
Slovak ceruzka
cím address, title, location; cím-er coat-of-arms, shield /Hungarian
Altaic
Tungus
samha sign /Manchu [as]
Japanese
chimei name of a place
Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1]
sêma sign, mark, token - 1. sign from heaven, omen, portent 2. generally, sign to do or begin something 3. sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow 4. mark to show the cast of a quoit or javelin 5. token by which any one's identity or commission was certified 6. constellation, mostly in pl., heavenly bodies
Slavic
cimer sign /Serbo-Croatian
cipel to drag, carry /Hungarian
Uralic
{Hungarian /c/ like /ts/ or /tz/}
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*jtivlẹ- (~ *'t-) to drag (волочить) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN204]
*šiwle- to carry, to drag (тащить, волочить) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1204]
ri'wlą- /Chukchee; jiwlą- /Koryak; tiwlą- /Alutor [ss]
*stili- /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN206]
stille-s, stilli- to drag (волочить) /Sedank dialect; k-silγat-ix transvehe (me)! /SIT [ss]
Footwear, shoe, sandal
cip-ő(k) shoe(s) /Hungarian {/c/ counds like /ts/ or /tz/}
cip-ész shoemaker /Hungarian {/-ész/ suffix denotes a profession}
Uralic
sabu shoe /Vogul -Ugrian; sob-ki shoestring /Ng
Officially, Hungarian cipő is from cipellő meaning "shoe" which is ultmately from Latin.[Chong]
You have to wonder just which Latin word is the alleged source when we have
sutor shoe-maker; calceus, solea (=slipper) shoe /Latin
crepida, solea sandal (also slipper) /Latin
Perhaps a cip-ő "shoe" is what one cip-el "drags, carries" on one's foot? After all, the literal meaning of cipellő is "one who carries, drags".
Sumerian
šuhub2 boots [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
Semitic
*ŝayp.- {} *ĉayp.- foot, sole of foot /Protoform [ss]
ŝe:pu, ŝe:pi:tu 'foot' /Akkadian [ss]
Egyptian
tjbw sandal-maker; tjbt sandal; sole (of foot) /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 120 #4> [oi4]
Cushitic
Bedawiye, Beja
s#ib shoe (Bedawiye, Beja)
Agaw
s#anfi sole of the foot, shoe /Bilin; s#amba sandal. shoe /Kemant; s#afa heel, sandal /Qwara; tsaba sole of foot, shoe /Xamir; c#'ama shoe /Xamta; c#ammi (c#'R), c#am (h!) shoe, sole of foot /Awngi
Cushitic, East
c#obada shoe /Konso
Cushitic, South
is#iba shoe /Asa(x)
Semitic
s#u?`ubat- branch /Arabic; sa?`f rami foliaque palmae /Arabic; se?`i_p branch /Hebrew; s#e_pu(m) pes /Akkadian; s'ab foot /Sokotri; c#'amma shoe foot length of foot /Amharic
Altaic
*t`a:/ba/ foot, footwear /Altaic [ss]
*da:pan # foot, sole /Turkic [ss]
taban /Karakhanid; da:ban /Turkmen; tuban (Anatri) /Chuvash [ss]
*tabag foot, paw /Mongol [ss]
tabag| /Written Mongolian; tavag, tavxaj /Khalkha; tabgaj /Buriat; tawaG /Ordos; tawaG /Monguor [ss]
*tabu- fur footwear /Tungus [ss]
tawur, taubun /Evenki; te:wun /Even [ss]
*ta\mp(u)î a k. of socks /Japanese [ss]
ta\b(j)i/ (Old Japanese); ta/bi (Tokyo); ta\bî (Kyoto); tabi/ (Kagoshima) [ss]
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*t'ąγwe-'n foot-wear, torbaz (обувь, торбаз) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN423]
*cąweri ~ *cąwari summer foot-wear (летняя обувь) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss; PN240]
cwεri /Chukchee; cwej (I) /Koryak; sare-wwi (Pl.) /Palan; cvari- /Alutor [ss]
*śfą-n /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN432]
sf-noŋ , Pl. sfŭ'n torbaz (торбаз) /Sedank dialect; š/sxin , švxin "caligae e pellis" /West Itelmen; sa'amut , sxanud Pl. "calceamentum factum e pellibus" /SIT [ss]
Basque
zapata shoe
The Basque is, of course, from Spanish
Ainu
keri shoe [sm]
Dravidian
*k^erp- sandal, shoe /Dravidian [ss]
*kerVp- South Dravidian [ss]
ceruppu sandal, slipper, shoe /Tamil; cerippu sandal, slipper, shoe /Malayalam; kera, keravu, kerahu, kerpu sandal, slipper, shoe /Kannada [ss]
*kerv sandal, slipper, shoe Nilgiri [ss]
kevr /Kota; kerf /Toda [ss]
*cepp- sandal, slipper, shoe /Telugu [ss]
Basic form: ceppu [ss]
*k^erp- shoe, sandal /Kolami-Gadba [ss]
kerri "shoe" /Kolami; kerri "shoe, boot" /Naikri; keri (pl. -gu), kerig "shoe, slipper" /Naiki; cerup, cerpu "sandal" /Parji [ss]
*serp- (*c-) shoe, sandal /Gondwan
*serp- shoe, sandal /Gondi [ss]
sarpum /Betul-1; sarpo /Mandla; sarpu (pl. -hk) /Betul-2; harpunj (pl. harpuhk) /Muria; erpunj (pl. erpusk) /Maria; erpum /Koya; harpunj /Maria; serpum /Adilabad; herpunj /Dorli [ss]
sepu shoe /Kond.a [ss]
*cep-u shoe Kui-Kuwi [ss]
seppu: , cepunga "sandals", seppu /Kuwi [ss]
*karp- straps (without sole) crossed over and worn round the ankle /North /Dravidian [ss]
kharpa: Kurukh [ss]
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
č∂b∂v men's sandals (of leather) /Baluchi [mab]
č∂v∂TT men's leather sandal. /Baluchi [mab]
chabha sandals /N. Baluchi [mld]
sawás Baloch sandals, made of the leaves of the dwarf palm /N. Baluchi [mld]
Italic
sabata shoe /Occitan; zapato shoe /Spanish
crepida sandal; calceus, solea (=slipper) shoe /Latin
sŏlěa, -ae a sandal; a kind of letter; a shoe for an animal; a fish, the sole /Latin
sutor shoe-maker /Latin
pes foot; solum, planta sole of the foot /Latin
Slavic
cipela shoe, boot /Serbo-Croatian
zaobuť shoe /Slovak
Russian [rh]
chobot/chebot boot(s)
These Russian words are of Turkish origin (ultimately from Persian) according to [rh]
sapogi were the major type of boots, for the years 1600-1722.
The singular form, sapog is found in Old Church Slavonic and seems to have closer affinity to Finnish than other possible origins.
also c.f. cipők (plural) shoes /Hungarian
sarú (archaic) shoe, sandal /Hungarian
Altaic
c'ar-ik shoe /Turkish
Caucasian
*t.yrix|V a k. of foot-wear /Proto North Caucasian [ss: 1498]
*t.yx|:V-lV (~-i-,-G|-) boot sole /Proto Tsezian [ss: 690]
Bezhita: t.ix|la
*t.yryx| 1 leathern foot-wear 2 soft slippers for children /Proto Lezghian [ss: 984]
Lezghi: t.irix|-ar 1; Tabasaran: t.irx| 1; Agul: t.irix| 2
An interesting Tsez.-Lezg. isogloss (unfortunately, attested only in a few languages) [ss]
Indo-European
Slavic
charki / chary was another Turkish word for 'shoe(s)' borrowed by the Russians, most commonly in Siberia [rh]
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
shur a shoe /Persian [fjs]
Indo-Aryan
caraNatra `" foot-saver "' , a shoe /Sanskrit
Sumerian
èsir shoe, sandal [jh]
ciró-gat-ás the caress /Hungarian
szer-et-et affection, love; szer-et to like; szer-et-ö lover /Hungarian
Sumerian
ušar female companion
Afro-Asiatic
ser-ut love, like /Old Egypt
Altaic
sew-imli, sew-gi affection /Turk
Assyrian
sekret prostitute/Assyrian (possible loan from Hurrian)
Sino-Tibetan
*[s/]Vr care for /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
m@z^|an3 to care for, look after. /Kachin
sor to tend, care for. /Lushei [ss]
Basque
xaru affection, caress
Etruscan
cara "dear, beloved, "to be pleasant" [az96]
carati "affection, esteem" [az96]
Indo-European
Celtic
kared love (person); karout to love /Breton [gp]
seirc love /Gaelic, searc, seirc /Irish, serc /Old Irish, serch /Welsh, serc'h concubine /Breton, serch /Middle Breton: *serkâ, *serko-; Gothic saúrga, care, German sorge, sorrow, English sorrow; Sanskrit sûrkshati, respect, reverence, take thought about something. The favourite derivation is to ally it to Greek stérgw, I love, which would give a Gaelic teirg [from mcb]
suiridhe a courting, suiridheach (better suirtheach or suireach), a wooer /Gaelic, so Irish, also surighim, I woo, Middle Irish suirge, wooing, suirgech, procus: *su-reg-, root reg, direct, etc.? [from mcb]
Italic
see Italian caro, cara "dear" [az96]
csacska chattering; prattle /Hungarian {Hungarian /cs/ = /ch/}
Altaic
chōchō chatter; prattle /Japanese
SMALLNESS, REDUCTION, NEED, WANT
csak only, nothing but /Hungarian {/cs/ same as English /ch/}
Ainu
tek (suffix) a little [sm]
Altaic
*žōk`e nearly, hardly /Altaic [ss]
*jōk /Turc [ss]
*žug / *žüg /Mongol [ss]
*žuke /Tungus [ss]
*doku /Japanese [ss]; -dake only; no more; merely; so far as /Japanese
shika particle used with a negative meaning "no more than, only, no other than, etc." /Japanese
Quechua
shuclla only [q1]
chikalla just; only {chika "so much; so strong" + -lla "modesty"} [q2]
csek-ély small, trifling {/cs/ similar to Basque /tx/ or English /ch/} /Hungarian
csök-ev-ény rudimentary; csökk-en to reduce, abate /Hungarian
sek-ély(es) shallow /Hungarian
scegin "poor" /Old Hungarian {12th. Century) [gzb1]; szeg-ény poor, not much /Modern Hungarian
szik-ár lean, slender /Hungarian
szük narrow, scarce /Hungarian
Uralic
*s'ukke small piece /Ugrian
Sumerian
sig9 narrow [jh]
sug4 , sù ; su (v.) to strip naked, lay bare; to empty; (adj.) empty, destitute.[jh]
Hurrian
zug@ 'small, short' [ss]
Niger-Congo (?)
seekee (adj) skint; sekeeriŋ. sekeeta (adj) skint, penniless /Mandinka [pc1]
Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
sh.w^ shorten /Old Egyptian [cgj]
sk empty (M.E.) (%t body,of words) /Old Egyptian [cgj]
skn be greedy, lust after /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Semitic
śyk to be(come) narrow, constricted /Semitic Root [ahd]
sâqu to be(come) narrow, tight /Akkadian [ahd]
Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 646b #6> [oi4]
Cushitic, Agaw
jeg*a worthless, bad, ugly /Bilin
Cushitic, East
deega poor /Oromo
zeega poor /Qabena
Semitic
zegaa poor, subject, client /Geez
Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 111 #> [oi4]
Cushitic, East
dikk'- small /Proto East Cushitic
t'ikk'- narrow / Proto Highland East Cushitic
c#'ikk'-ad/- narrow /Burji
t'ukk'- small /Hadiyya
d/iggo small /Oromo
Ainu
sak to be lacking, to be without [sm]
Altaic
*c'`iku few, poor /Altaic [ss]
*c'ikán /Turc [ss]
*c'üge-n/ Mongol [ss]
*c'uki/ Tungus [ss]
*sä'gu shallow /Altaic [ss]
*siga-r /Mongol [ss]
*sigi- /Tungus [ss]
*sai-m /Korean [ss]
*sú /Japanese [ss]
*sik`u small, few /Altaic [ss]
*sik /Turc [ss]
*sike- /Tungus [ss]
*skà- /Korean [ss]
*sùkù- /Japanese [ss]
*sio:k`u to be hollow, crack /Altaic [ss]
*suk- 1 to stick in, insert 2 hollow wood, whistle /Turkic [ss]
*sekeg|e / *segeg|e crack, hole /Mongolian [ss]
*si:k- 1 polynya 2 hollow vessel, whistle 3 to put into, insert /Tungus [ss]
*sky/-m, *ski/- 1 crack 2 to insert, to sheath /Korean [ss]
*suk- 1 to be hollow 2 crack, hole /Japanese [ss]
Turkic
cik, -cîk diminitive suffix; sîkî tight /Turkish
Japanese
chikai, short; early; immediate; near; close; shiganai poor; miserable; wretched; sukoshi little; small quantity; sukenai little; few; scanty; sukunai few; little; rare; scanty; meagre
Sino-Tibetan
*Ce>k ( ~ C/-, -i@-) emaciated /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "emaciated; suffering"
ji 2 Modern (Beijing) < z|jek Middle Chinese < z|(h)ek ( ~ z|/-) Old Chinese
c/ac/ to loose weight. /Burmese [ss]
Basque
zeken stingy, miserly; zikoitz niggardly; greedy
txiki-tu (B,G,U) to make small; to reduce; to rip
Caucasian
*z^|i>k.wA> / *k.i>z^|wA> short /North Caucasian [ss]
* ĉ.ik.:w|V- small, short (in height) /Andian [ss]
ĉ.ik.:u-b /Chamalal [ss]
* ĉ:i[k.]V- short /Lezghian [ss]
z^iq:i /Tabasaran; z^aq:e-f /Agul; z^|yk-dy /Rutul; ?z^|it.a-na /Tsakhur [ss]
*k./ac^.w|@ short /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
a-k./a/ ĉ. Abkhaz; ĉ./a ĉ./@ Adyghe; ĉ.as./ Circassian [ss]
*c./_wa":qV few /North Caucasian [ss]
*c.o|x|:- few /Tsezian [ss]
c.ox|x|u /Inkhokvari [ss]
*c.iq.w|- few /Dargwa [ss]
c.i:q.w|aj /Chiragh [ss]
*c^.w|eq.(a) (~-a"-,-i-) few /Lezghian [ss]
c^.uq. /Agul [ss]
Dravidian
*ĉik- small /Dravidian [ss]
*ĉik- small /South Dravidian [ss]
cikka in brief, in a nutshell /Tamil; cikkin.i young, small (said of girls) Malayalam; cikka, ciga little, small, young /Kannada; ci:ku smallness, littleness of size, used of grain and pulse; cikkatana childhood, youth /Kannada; cikk-ad.ake very young, tender areca-nut /Kodagu; cikka little, young, small, short /Tulu; cikini tender, young, small; cikke\ a dwarf; (B-K) cikkeli a small variety of mouse /Tulu [ss]
cikku (cikki-) to become lean or emaciated; cikal (cikalv-, cikan-r--) to diminish, decrease, perish; n. want, ruin (Tamil); cikk- (cikki-) to become tired; cikki numb sensation of mouth produced by areca-nut (Kod.agu); cikku to become lean or thin (Telugu); sik- (-t-) to be reduced (as body), fail (in flesh), pine in fear, etc. (Kond.a)(DEDR 2503). [sk]
cak lean (of meat); cakn lean man; fem. caky (Kota); cakku, cekku stunted, short, lean; cakke a weakling, lean person (Tulu)(DEDR 2268). [sk]
Etruscan
śuci, śucic, sucix piece, part [az96]
Indo-European
Celtic
siogaid a starveling, lean person /Gaelic. [mcb]
Slavic
sićenje satiating, sating; sićušan tiny, minute, microscopic; petty, trifling, paltry; narrow-mindedness; sićušnost smallness, puniness; trifling matter; narrow-mindedness /Serbo-Croatian
Albanian
i/e cekët shallow
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
zakk (v.n.) squeezing, pressing; straightening /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
shaqi poor, miserable, wretched; insolent; villainous, vicious. /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] says the Persian is found in Arabic but the origin is uncertain.
zaiq, ziq (v.n.) being narrow, strait, or tight; being close, covetous; being unable to hold; tightness; anguish, vexation, grief, melancholy; straits, difficulties; dilemma; [ziqu 's-sadr ('n-nafas), Difficulty of breathing, asthma;] -- zaiyiq, Strait, narrow; close, miserly /Persian
[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
zaiqat narrow circumstances, poverty, straits; one of the mansions of the moon; a tract between Ta'if and Hunain /Persian
[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
Indo-Aryan
sUcIvaktra having a mouth or aperture as pointed as a needle , too narrow; sUcImukha the point of a needle; a partic. hell BhP. ; n. having a beak &c. as sharp as a nñneedle AV. Pan5cat. ; pointed or sharp as a needle MBh. ; narrow; sUkSma minute , small , fine , thin , narrow , short , feeble , trifling , insignificant , unimportant /Sanskrit [sk]
Blackfoot (Algonquin)
sikk decrease the mass of, lower
Muskogean/Eastern
sikóopa to be poor, be destitute, suffer hardship, be shabby; to be weak, feeble, sickly /Alabama [tm]
{poss. from /sikóopa-a} [tm]
Quechua
chikallanta a little {chikalla " just; only" + -nta "through, across"} [q2]
chuqu narrow and long [q2]
Ulwa
sikitnaka vt. (sikitpi) squeeze (e.g. in fist); crush with hand [ud]
sukutnaka vt. (sukutpi) clench; clinch [ud]
Yuki
tcuk fall4 off [y84]
csikó foal /Hungarian
Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #122> [oi4]
Cushitic, Agaw
c#@gw- small (to be) /Proto North Agaw
Cushitic, South
ts'igan- offspring/young /Proto Rift
Caucasian
*ĉ.a">ku> / *ĉa">k.u> young (of animals), boy /North Caucasian [ss]
*ĉik.e A kid /Tsezian [ss]
ĉik.i /Khvarshi; ĉik.e /Inkhokvari; ĉik.e /Bezhita; ĉik.e /Gunzib [ss]
ĉ.aku kid (less than 2-3 y. old) /Lak [ss]
*ĉ.ik.a chicken /Dargwa [ss]
*ĉ.a"k.u-j goat less than 2 years old /Lezghian [ss]
ĉ.ak.u /Agul [ss]
*ĉ./@k.w|@ 1 young boy, youngster 2 small /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
a/- ĉ./k.w|@n 1 /Abkhaz; ĉ./k.w@n 1,2 /Abaza [ss]
szag-gat to rip, rend /Hungarian
szak-ít to rip, tear; szak-ad to fall; tear, rend /Hungarian
szeg to cut, chip, slice /Hungarian
Uralic
soka (n.) plow; sokams (v.) to plow /Erzya [fv]
csák "plow" /Hungarian
Hungarian csák is obsolete. [Chong]
zocoztia "tore" (past tense) /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} (Modern, szakasztotta) [gzb1]
szak-ít to rip, tear; szak-ad to fall; tear, rend /Hungarian
szaggat to rip, rend /Hungarian
-gat is the frequentive suffix of action.
also see Hungarian cikk above
Sumerian
suh (2,3,5) v., to uproot, displace; to relocate, transfer; to become confused [jh]
zìg to expend, go out, uproot; zuh to steal, to rob [jh]
sig3,11 to chop down; sè(g) subdue, to subject [jh]
Niger-Congo (?)
suxi (v.) to uproot, pluck /Wollof [pc2]
Afro-Asiatic
skз to plough /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Austro-Asiatic
cagar. , cagat to tear off; surka to strip off (Santali.lex.) [sk]
sigi to cut deeply with axe (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Altaic
Turkic
saka divide, watershed /Turkmen [glnp]
sökmek 1. to take apart 2. to rip out a seam 3. to plow 4. to reinvestigate;
sökülmek to rip out a seam /Turkmen [glnp]
Japanese
saku, sakeru to tear, split, cleave, rip; sogu to chip; slice off
saku, suku to plough, till; to break up (land)
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*šąγ- to dig, to dig out (рыть, копать) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1132]
rąγ- (I) /Chukchee; jąγ-, -cąγ- (I) /Koryak; t(ą)γ- /Alutor [ss]
Sino-Tibetan
*s/e:k cleave, split /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "split"
xi 1 Modern (Beijing) < siek Middle Chinese < se:k Old Chinese [ss]
ãc/heg (p. bs/ags, f. bs/ag, i. s/og to break, to split, gs/og / bs/og (p. gs/ags, bs/ags, f. gs/ag, bs/ag, i. gs/og) to cleave, to split, to tear. /Tibetan
*z|he/k /Kiranti [ss]
Basque
saki (LN) a large tear in clothing; sakitu to cut, make an incision (L,LN,U)
sega scythe; sega-tu (C) to cut, harvest
Dravidian
sugi to tear off, strip off, peel (Kannad.a); coxna_ to pluck, cull (Kur.ux); coge to pluck off, set free; cogre to drop off, get free (Malt.o)(DEDR 2644). [sk]
cakkai chips (Tamil); cake rind of fruits (Tamil); cekku to pare, cut the side or rind of; n. the rind or parings of fruits, etc. (Telugu); cekka piece (Naikri, Gondi); sek to plane, fashion things out of wood (Kond.a); sespa planing, scraping (?Kui); sesa shavings (?Kui); seka piece (?Kui); cakta_ a slice (Kur.ux); cegla_ chip, splinter (Kur.ux); caka a slice ; (Malt.o)(DEDR 2748). [sk]
sigul.u, si_l., si_l.u to split, to be cleft; splitting; a split, a fragment, a piece (Kannad.a); sigur-, sigur-u, sibar-u, sivar-u, sivur-u a splinter (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]
sigasu to have split as wood; sigi to split as wood; to tear or rend with teeth as sugarcane /Kannad.a; sekke, cakke a chip; sekku to put in, to insert; serku id. /Kannad.a; cakke, cekke, sakke, sekke (Tadbhava of s'alka) a chip of wood /Kannad.a; cakke, cekke /Telugu; cakkai /Tamil; cakke a chip of wood or of stone /Kannad.a; cekku /Telugu; sigul.u, si_l., si_l.u to split, to be cleft; splitting; a split, a fragment, a piece /Kannad.a [sk]
cu_gna_ to harrow (Kur.ux); cge to poke, stir; cgure to poke, pick (as one's teeth or ear)(Malt.o)(DEDR 2719)[sk]
Etruscan
seci to cut, smash
śucri, śuxu dividing,cutting part [az96]
(1) Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian
sukustan to be broken or torn up /Persian [fjs]
shaqq (v.n.) splitting, tearing; cutting (a tooth); being difficult, troublesome (any work); remaining open (the eye of a corpse); being separate from one's people; separating, scattering; throwing into difficulties, paining, grieving; a fissure, crack, crevice; a half; day-break, dawn [shaqq khwurdan, To be or become split;<-> shaqq zadan (kardan), To tear, split, divide;]; shuquq (pl. of shaqq), Fissures, rents, crevices, chinks. /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
shaqa'iq (pl. of shaqiqat) fissures, cracks; etc. /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
shaqb, shiqb a cleft in a mountain or rock; a narrow pass between two hills; etc. /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
shiqqat the half, especially of anything split or torn the long way; a chip of wood; a rag of cloth /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
(2) Indo-European
Reconstruction
*sek cut /PIE [js]
Italic
sĕco sĕcare sĕcŭi sectum, to cut, amputate, to wound, hurt; to divide, part /Latin
Slavic
sjeći hew, chop; split; lop, prune /Serbo-Croatian
sjeknuti to make short (sharp) cut /Serbo-Croatian
sekať cut /Slovak
Mayan
Chorti [cw]
suk 'a cutting, a trim'
suki 'cut off, trim, pare' (cl.1)
tz'ohk (from c'ok) 'broken part or half, piece, broken off end'
tz'ok 'a breaking, a snapping in two, an opening up'
tz'okem 'broken'
tz'okemir 'a break, a snap'
tz'oki 'break a thing, break in two, pull apart, open up' (cl.1)
tz'okbah 'break in two of itself, open itself up (said of the sky, meaning "to rain")'
Muskogean/Eastern
chikoffi to cut a piece (of meat), slice a piece (of meat) /Alabama [tm]
chikòoli to cut meat, slice meat, butcher (plural objects) /Alabama [tm]
szak-ad to fall, drop; tear, rend /Hungarian
Ainu
cikka to drop [sm]
Etruscan
seka to fall, founder [az96]
szakad-ék abyss, precipice, gap /Hungarian < szak-ad to fall, drop; tear, rend /Hungarian
Sumerian
sukud, zugud height, depth; tall, high [jh]
Altaic
suki, sukima crevice, chink, gap,crack /Japanese
Indo-European
psu^gma, atos, to IV. chink, fissure /Classical Greek [lsj1]
suka a crack, a gorge, a pass [id] /Thracian
šùkė [id] /Lithuanian
szikk to dry, dessicate /Hungarian
Basque
siku (B) arid
xukatu (U) to drain, dry (something) off; to remove water from
Dravidian
cukku (cukki-) to get dry /Tamil; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel; cukku dry /Malayalam [sk]
Indo-European
Greek
psuchô dry, make dry /Classical Greek [lsj1]
Italic
siccus dry /Latin
zsugor-od to shrink; zsugor-i miser, niggard // miserly, niggardly /Hungarian
Sumerian
sig 9 narrow [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
sgrh. to quell, make to cease /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic/Turkic
ÿygryl-mak 1. to shrink, be shy 2. to waver /Turkmen [glnp]
ÿygyr-mak 1. to crumple, twist, wrinkle 2. to draw in /Turkmen [glnp]
Basque
xuhur miserly; tight-fisted (with money)
zuhur wise, sensible, cautious, prudent; observant, shrewd, keen; stingy, economical, thrifty
Dravidian
surku, sukku to contract, shrivel, shrink, fade; surku, sukku, sun:ku, sokku contracting, shrivelling, shrinking, a wrinkle /Kannad.a; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel (Malayalam) [sk]
Indo-European
Celtic
sgrog, sgrogag anything shrivelled, a shrivelled old woman, old cow or ewe /Gaelic, sgrog, shrivel; from the Scottish scrog, a stunted bush, sgroggy, stunted, English scraggy, Danish skrog, Swed. skrokk, anything shrunken, Norse skrokkr; sgruigean neck of a bottle, the neck (in ridicule) /Gaelic, Irish sgruigín, neck of a bottle, short-necked person; sgruit an old shrivelled person, a thin person /Gaelic, Irish sgruta, an old man, sgrutach, lean, sgrut, a contemptible person; cf. Norse skrudda, a shrivelled skin, old scroll [mcb]
Slavic
skratiti to shorten, abbreviate, cut, abridge, reduce in size; contract /Serbo-Croatian
skrb care; thrift, thriftiness; concern, worry; sorrow /Serbo-Croatian
skrbiti be thrifty, save /Serbo-Croatian
skrutiti to stiffen; solidify; coagulate, set, curdle /Serbo-Croatian
škrt stingy, avaricious, mean, miserly /Serbo-Croatian
skrčiť sa shrink /Slovak
Indo-Iranian
Iranian/Avestan
zhghórem keep /Pashto [tr]
Indo-Aryan/Sanskrit
su~gor.an. to shrink /Lahnda_; sa~gor.n.a_, su~gor.n.a_ to contract, draw up (as the arms and legs) /Punja_bi_; sakor.na_, sikor.na_, si~kor.na_ to contract, compress, crumple together; suker.na_, saker.na_ /Hindi_; sa~_gur.o narrow/Kumauni_; sa~_guro /Nepa_li; sa~_kur /Or.iya_; sa~_kar narrow; n. narrow lane /Hindi_; sakra_ tight, narrow /Hindi_; sa~_kr.u~ /Gujara_ti_; sa~_kad., sa~_kd.a_ tight, narrow /Mara_t.hi_; sa~_kad., sa~_kd.e~ a difficulty /Mara_t.hi_ [sk]
POINTEDNESS, EDGE, BORDER, SUDDENNESS, ANGULARITY, SEVERITY
csák-ány pickaxe; csáklya grappling hook/iron; pickaxe; csák plow [archaic] /Hungarian
szeg 1) measure of land (archaic); 2) nail; 3) to break an oath /Hungarian
szek-erce << "szeg + érc" metal tipped "érc", pointed weapon, battle ax /Hungarian
szig-ony harpoon /Hungarian
szikl-ás rocky, craggy /Hungarian
zakl-at to molest, worry /Hungarian
zökk-en to jolt /Hungarian
zuh-an to fall suddenly, thud /Hungarian
Uralic
süng a wedge /Ugrian
Sumerian
sukur spear, lance [jh]
Scythian
sag-aris battle ax [Herodotus]
Afro-Asiatic
Semitic
sikkatu peg; zaqpu pointed /Akkadian [oi3]
skh N skt) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA nail 2 Palestinian,Syr ploughshare 3 Syr wedge 4 Syr wart 5 JBA thorn 6 Palestinian peg
LS2 472
LS2 v: sek.t_A)
skyn N skyn) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA knife
LS2 474, J 990
pl: s:ak.iyne)
LS2 v: sak.iyn
xcyn N xcyn) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr,JBA axe
LS2 251
LS2 V: xaciynA)
syqwr N syqwr) /Aramaic [cal]
1 JLATg,Syr axe
LS2 496
LS2 v: siyquwrA)
Altaic
*ŝiuk`e to carve, tear /Altaic [ss]
*so"k- to split, tear apart /Turkic [ss]
so"k- Old Turkic; so"k- Turkmen [ss]
*su"ke axe /Mongolian [ss]
suke (SH) /Middle Mongolian; su"x /Khalkha; su"k@ /Kalmuck; sugu, suge: /Dagur; sugo /Monguor [ss]
*ŝuk- 1 chisel 2 to carve, engrave 3 to hit (with horns), butt, strike 4 notches on bow ends /Tungus [ss]
ŝuki- 3, ŝukun 4 /Manzhu; ĉuktuli- 2 (On.) /Nanai [ss]
*sa\ki/- to carve, engrave /Korean [ss]
sa\ki/- /Middle Korean [ss]
*s[e:]ĉ wise, careful /Altaic [ss]
*seĉ- to choose, select /Turkic
*seĉe-n wise, clever /Mongolian
*sa:ĉe be careful /Tungus
*sa/t@/- ( ~ -ua) wise /Japanese [ss]
Turkic
sygys a wedge /AncTurkic
ĉakan battle-axe (Kazakh, Kyrgyz); ĉaqan battle-axe (Uigur) [Chong]
çiçeñ to the point, right; çiçeñ atïghcï good marksman; çiçeñ çooxtandï s/he spoke to the point, hit the mark /Khakas [kl]
Tungus
suhe axe; suhecen a small axe /Manchu [as]
Japanese
sōga claws and teeth; fangs
Austric
toki, piau axe /Mäori [ng]
Caucasian
*c.@q.V ( ~ -o>-,-e>-) sharp /North Caucasian [ss]
*c.o|q.V- ( ~ -o-) sharp /Tsezian [ss]
c.oq.iju /Tsezi; c.oq.q.u /Khvarshi
*c.aq.- sharp /Dargwa [ss]
c.aq.-si /Akusha [ss]
Dravidian
cakna_ to sharpen an edge instrument, whet (Kurux.); cake to sharpen, whet (Malt.o)(DEDR 2277). [sk]
Etruscan
śaca point; śacri to fix, fasten; śacrni "sharp, pointed" [az96]
śacrtuna incisor, chisel; śacu, śaxu "acute, wise" [az96]; < *stakh- "point, sharpness" [az96]
Indo-European
Italic
see Latin sac- [az96]
see Latin sagax "shrewd, acute", sagio, staca [az96]
sĕcūris -is, axe, hatchet; esp. the headman's axe, hence supreme power, Roman supremacy; sĭca -ae dagger, dirk, poniard [Cassell]
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
tshakush, tshaakuss hammer /Pashto [tr]
chakhmakh a battle-axe fastened to the saddle; etc /Persian [fjs]
chakhmagh, chakhmaq a kind of battle-axe; etc /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] says chakhmagh, chakhmaq also in Turkish without proof positive to which it belongs originally
Indo-Aryan
sUcIvaktra having a mouth or aperture as pointed as a needle , too narrow; sUcImukha the point of a needle; a partic. hell BhP. ; n. having a beak &c. as sharp as a nñneedle AV. Pan5cat. ; pointed or sharp as a needle MBh. ; narrow; sUkSma minute , small , fine , thin , narrow , short , feeble , trifling , insignificant , unimportant; sUca a pointed shoot or blade of Kus3a grass; f. pointing out , indication Ja1takam. ; piercing; gesticulation; spying out , sight , seeing; sUcI a needle or any sharppointed instrument (e.g. `" a needle used in surgery "' , `" a magnet "' &c.) RV.; the sharp point or tip of anything or any pointed object Ka1v. /Sanskrit [sk]
Quechua
chici splinter; chuki spear [q2]
Ulwa
suksuk spear, lance [ud]
Yuki
są(·)k, sah-ahk, sŭk', sank, sükh tooth, teeth [y84]
csecs pap, breast, teat /Hungarian
csecsemő suckling; baby; infant {/cs/ similar to /ch/ sound}/Hungarian
Altaic
*č`ăjižV breast /Altaic [ss]
*čijči /Turc [ss]
*čegeži /Mongol [ss]
*ča(i)ža-n /Tungus [ss]
*čjóč /Korean [ss]
*tì, *tìti /Japan [ss]
Dravidian
ca_ci mother's milk (nursery)/Tamil; ca_ci, ta_ci a childish word for the female breast /Kannad.a; ca_ci woman's breast /Telugu [sk]
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian
Iranian
chuchu a nipple /Persian [fjs]
Indo-Aryan
cu_cuka nipple (R.Pali.); cucuka, cucu_ka /Sanskrit; cu_a /Prakrit; cuci /Sanskrit [sk]
Quechua
chuchu nipple, breast [q1]
chichiy to suckle; to nurse; to give milk [q2]
chuchuchiy to suckle; to nurse; to give milk [q2]
csúcs point; summit, pinnacle; csücske point, tip; corner {/cs/ similar to /ch/ sound}/Hungarian
Altaic
*ĉ`[i]ĉ`V spout, prick, penis /Altaic [ss]
*ĉiĉi- 1 to prick 2 prick, thorn, sprout /Mongolian [ss]
ĉiĉigina 'herb root' /Middle Mongolian; ĉiĉi- 1, ĉiĉu":r 2 /Khalkha; ĉiĉ@- 1, ĉiĉu":r, ĉiĉe|:sn. 2 /Kalmuck; ĉiĉi- 1 /Dagur [ss]
*ĉiĉ 1 penis 2 spout (of a tea-pot) /Tungus [ss]
ĉoĉo 1 /Manzhu; ĉi.ĉi.qo 2 /Nanai; ĉi.ĉu. 1,2 /Ulcha; tu.tu. 1 /Orok [ss]
*ĉa:>ĉi penis /Korean [ss]
ĉa:z^|i (orth. ĉa:>ĉi), ĉot (orth. ĉoĉ) /Modern Korean [ss]
Turkic
çiçeñ to the point, right; çiçeñ atïghcï good marksman; çiçeñ çooxtandï s/he spoke to the point, hit the mark /Khakas [kl]
Japanese
chōjō mountain top, summit, peak
Caucasian
*c.o>c.V ( ~ c._) tip, spout /North Caucasian [ss]
*c.uc.- ( ~ -o-) spout (of a tea-pot, jar) /Nakh [ss]
c.uzam /Chechen [ss]
*c.oc.(a) 1. spout (of a tea-pot) 2. clitoris; ring-stone /Lezghian [ss]
c.uc. /Lezghi; c.yc. 2 /Kryz [ss]
Muskogean/Eastern
chiichi penis Usage: Euphemism, nursery word /Alabama [tm]
Sardu/Sardinian
cùccuru "peak (of a mountain)" [slc]
A pre-Roman word [slc]
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian
čuč sprout, tendril, baby plant; little finger /Baluchi [mab]
szeg 1) measure of land (archaic); 2) nail; 3) to break an oath /Hungarian
szegély hem, seam, border, edge, margin /Hungarian
Sumerian
zag, zà boundary, border, limit, side; cusp, beginning; territory, district, place; sanctuary; percentage; a measure for fish; shoulder; right (side); front; outside of [jh]
Altaic
*ĉ`ake boundary, section /Altaic [ss]
* ĉ ygyr 1 boundary, limit 2 small path /Turkic [ss]
ĉ yg|yr 2 /Old Turkic; ĉ ygyr 2 /Turkish [ss]
ĉ ygyr 1 /Turkmen [ss]
* ĉ ig direction /Mongolian [ss]
ĉ ig /Khalkha [ss]
* ĉ aki- 1 partition (in house) 2 to tread a path /Tungus [ss]
ĉ axin 1 /Manzhu; ĉ aki- 2 /Evenki [ss]
* ĉ ha/i section of a building /Korean [ss]
ĉ ha/i Middle Korean; ĉ ha" Modern Korean [ss]
*siga border, interval /Altaic [ss]
*sygra 1 valley 2 interval between two fingers /Turkic [ss]
syg|ra 1, syg|raq 2 /Old Turkic [ss]
*sig- interval /Tungus [ss]
si, sidu /Manzhu; hidla /Even; sigdile: /Evenki [ss]
*sa\ka\pi\ border /Japanese [ss]
sa\ka\pji\ Old Japanese; sakai Tokyo [ss]
Turkic
çagha girdle, seam, edge /Khakas < CT *yaka [kl]
In Sagay, Koybal dialects obsol collar [kl]
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*cą.cqa.- "the cord of average/mean thickness" (шнур средней толщины) 1; "to edge" (оторочить) 2 /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1565]
ina-ccącqat- (III) 2 /Koryak; cącqa-nγeŋ1 /Palan [ss]
Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1]
si_ga^l-ôma, atos, to,
I. instrument for smoothing or polishing, esp. of shoemakers for smoothing leather
II. border, edging of a dress
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
szék chair, seat, throne /Hungarian
Altaic
Turkic
*säki, *sakü /Old Turkic [Chong]
saGõ, sak bench, etc. (Chuvash); säkü bench (Kipchak); seki base of a column or pillar; a stone that is used for sitting (Turkish); säkü booth, stall; counter (in a store); platform (Turk - Kashgari)
seki porch /Turkmen [glnp]
tsek "couch, bed" /Cuman [pbg]
Mongol
següke, seüke portable chair (Literary Mongol) [Chong]
Japanese
seki a seat; one's place; sûki helm of state
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian
Iranian
tshawki chair /Pashto [tr]
sako, suko a sofa, settle, bench, garden-seat /Persian [fjs]
Indo-Aryan
cau~ki_ stool /Sindhi_; cauki_ square low seat /Hindi_; caukho, cauko wooden seat /Kumauni_; cauki chair /Nepa_li; coki_ square low seat /Gujara_ti_; cauk square /Lahnda_; cok square, market, number four /Gujara_ti_; caukkka set of four, cross-roads, square /Prakrit; cau~ku frame of door, square; cau~ko figure 4/Sindhi_; cak increased by four (Bhoj.); cauk square, market /Hindi_; cok square, market, number four /Gujara_ti_; coko quadrangular spot, cooking place/Gujara_ti_ [sk]
Muskogean/Eastern
chiika2 to sit, take a seat, settle down (of several) /Alabama [tm]
Quechua
chukuna stool [q2]
szög- angle, corner, pointed /Hungarian
zug corner /Hungarian
Altaic
*zök`o side; corner; direction /Altaic [ss]
*jak /Turc [ss]
*züg /Mongol [ss]
*zuku- /Tungus [ss]
*dòkò /Japanese [ss]
Basque
xoko (L,LN), zoko corner; zoko-tsu angular
szig-or severity, sternness /Hungarian
Sino-Tibetan
*s/ikw| severe, violent /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "be solemn; eager, fast" [ss]
su 4 Modern (Beijing) < sju"k Middle Chinese < sikw| Old Chinese
s/ugs power, energy. /Tibetan
(?) z^|a?2 be hard, solid, (H) az^|a forcibly. /Kachin
sok violently, hard, with force, roughly. /Lushei [ss]
Basque
zakar (B,G,L,U) coarse, rough, harsh; zakar-tu to be rough, become rude, become gruff
zigor punishment, whip (LN); zigor-tu (C) to punish
Dravidian
sa~_ku to educate, foster (Telugu)(DEDR 2427). [sk]
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian
s'iks. learn; s'iks.an.a act of learning; in cmpd. teaching; s'iks.a_ punishment (Sanskrit) [sk]
sikha learning (Sindhi_); sikkh advice (Punja_bi_); si_kh (Kumauni_); dekha-siki imitation (Nepa_li); sikha advice, instruction (Old Awadhi_); si_kh (Hindi_); si_kha advice (Old Gujara_ti_); si_kh punishment (Gujara_ti_); hik study (Sinhalese) [sk]
Quechua
siqullu // seqollo whip [q2]
Trick, deceive, trap
csal cheat, to bait on; csel a ruse, trick /Hungarian
Uralic
Hungarian csal "to cheat" is of unknown origin. [Chong]
While csel is officially thought to derive from csal. {Chong]
Mesopotamia
sa net,cord; sa-g'a captive /Sumerian
sal trap, cheat, trick /Babylonian
Altaic
*t`a:la to plunder, seduce /Altaic [ss]
*ta:la- 1 to rob, plunder 2 to harm, slander /Turkic [ss]
tala- 1 /Old Turkic; tala- 1 /Turkish; ta:la- 1 /Turkmen; tola- 2 /Chuvash [ss]
*tala- to rob /Mongolian [ss]
tala- (SH) /Middle Mongolian; tal- /Khalkha; tal@- /Kalmuck [ss]
*ta\r'a/i- to lure, seduce /Korean [ss]
ta\r'a/i- Middle Korean [ss]
*ta/ra/-s- to deceive, lure /Japanese [ss]
ta/ra/-s- Old Japanese; taras-u Tokyo [ss]
Tungus
jalidambi to cheat /Manchu [as]
Indo-European
chal stumble; deceive; chalay, -yati deceive, cheat /Sanskrit
chalin, jAlika cheat, swindler /Sanskrit
skhalita fraud, deceit /Sanskrit
csap trick, trap /Hungarian
tév-ed to be mistaken, wrong, in error < self-deception ?; tév-es erroneous, wrong /Hungarian {b>v}
Uralic
One official source says Hungarian tév- is derived from a F-U root.
*tep3- (PUg) [Chong]
Another source says téved- is derived from an earlier tév- which is the root of Ugric origin. [Chong]
Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 578 #> [oi4]
Cushitic, East
*sab- deceive /Proto East Cushitic
sibaabbo'o spider /Burji; sab- sasab- flatter /Somali; sisob- deceive /Boni; sosob- deceive /Bayso; sob- lie /Oromo; sassap- deceive /Konso; sob- deceive /Burji; sosob- slip slide /Afar; sapsapic#c#e spider /Harso; sapsapic#c#e spider /Dobase; saapsapitte spider /Gollango; sasapate spider /Elmolo; s#aazi spider /Dasenech
Altaic
*t`apV to trick, caper /Altaic [ss]
*Teb trick, device /Turkic [ss]
teb /Old Turkic [ss]
*tebede- to fuss, dither; hurry /Mongolian [ss]
tebede- /Written Mongolian [ss]
tevde- /Khalkha [ss]
*tabsa- to caper /Tungus [ss]
tapsi.ĉi.- /Orok; tawsa- /Even; tawha-, tapsa:n- /Evenki [ss]
*ta/pa/- to caper /Japanese [ss]
tapa-k-, tapa-r- (RJ ta/pa/bu/r-) /Old Japanese [ss]
tawake/ru, tawamure/ru /Tokyo [ss]
Dravidian
tappu (tappi-) deception, falsehood; fault, error (Tamil); tappar-ai < dabbar-a (Telugu) falsehood, deception, irregularity, error (Tamil); tap- (tapy-) to make mistake (Kota); tappal stumbling, erring (Kannad.a); tabbarisu to slip, stumble (Kannad.a); tappu fault (Tulu); tappu error, mistake (Telugu); tappud.u erring (Telugu); dabbar-a a lie; false, dishonest; dabbu to lie; n. deceit, lying (Telugu); tap- (-t-) to miss or fail, falter (Kond.a); dapa lie; false (Kui); tappu ki_nai to misdo; tapu wrong, sin, error (Kuwi)(DEDR 3071). [sk]
Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1] (?)
apa^taô cheat, deceive // Pass., to be self-deceived, mistaken
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
*dab- to deceive /Proto Iranian [Cheung]
Avestan dab- `to deceive' ; Parthian: (nomin.) db `trick, ruse' ; Sogdian: (+ *pari-) (nomin.) CSogd. prdbn `deceit' ; Chorasmian: (+ *pari-) prd|bs- `to be deceived', (caus.) prd|'by- `to deceive', (nomin.) brd|'b `deceit' ; New East Iranian: Oss. I. davyn/davd, D. davun/davd `to steal', Wa. d|ûv(û)y-/d|ovoyd, d|ûw(û)y-/d|owoyd `to steal', also bûw-/bowd `to deceive', ?? Yi. lou:-/lowa/i `to graze'
Indo-Aryan
Sanskrit cognates: dabh- `to deceive' (RV+) [Cheung]
Indo-European reconstruction: *dhebh- `to deceive, harm (someone), belittle, lessen' [Cheung]
csap-da a trap, snare /Hungarian
Sino-Tibetan
*[C/]uap cage /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
s/ubs cage, covering, sheath. /Tibetan [ss]
c/ap a cage for a criminal. /Burmese [ss]
Afro-Asiatic
šp trap /Phœnician [cgj]
Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 625 #. [oi4]
Cushitic, East
tebbee trap /Burji
dab- trap /Somali
tibin trap /Boni
Austro-Asiatic
t.apok, t.epok a bird trap; dhar.ap to be caught in trap (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Dravidian
tu_pi rat-trap (Kond.a); tu_pi trap for fish, rats, etc. (Kuwi)(DEDR 3386).[sk]
Sumerian
dab (2,4,5), dib (2) (n.), fetter; (v.), to hold; to take, seize, catch; to bind, tie up; to take away; to hire; to receive (motion into open container). [jh]
dab 6, da 5 to surround; to beset, besiege [jh]
tab (v.), to hold, clasp; to bind; etc. [jh]
Additions by Fred Hámori in red.
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Last updated 14 August 2010