*šappe recede /FU

*¢epp3- /Proto Ugric [Chong]

s'b castrate /Old Egyptian [cgj]

šbt to cease, put an end to /Phœnician [cgj]

)bd V /Aramaic [cal]

ahpul go away, leave (Armenian - uncommon - Dorosmai) [Chong]

opadati to fall off, decline, decrease, diminish /Serbo-Croatian
opadať subside; úbytok, ubúdať decrease /Slovak

padati to fall, drop; droop; decrease, ebb, wane, fall off /Serbo-Croatian
padat' tumble /Russian

pad fall, sink down (from fatigue), perish /Sanskrit

*obu-ra- / *obu-n- 1 to wear out (intr.), decay 2 to cease, stop 3 to tire 4 to be destroyed /Turkic [ss]

*ebe- 1 to be ill 2 to weaken 3 illness /Mongolian [ss]

*abu- 1 to lack, be insufficient 2 to become exhausted, lean 3 to be tired 4 to bleed /Tungus [ss]

*@\bi/- 1 to be exhausted, hungry 2 to lack, be insufficient /Korean [ss]

*a\pa\- bleak, weak, faded /Japanese [ss]

*jAb- 1 bad 2 become bad, weak 3 heavy, difficult /Turkic [ss]

*ebe- 1 weak 2 to yield, be submitted 3 foolish, obstinate 4 lax, tarrying /Tungus [ss]

*j@\wy/i- to get emaciated, haggard /Korean [ss]

*i(m)pu-sia- in bad spirits, bad-mooded /Japanese [ss]

*op-ra- to wear out (intr.), decay /Turkic [ss]

*(h)obur (bad) appearance, arrogance /Mongolian [ss]

*(x)upara- to neglect, mistake /Tungus [ss]

*a(m)pura- to suffer a loss, roam in a wasted state /Japanese [ss]

Hungarian ápol (originally meant "kiss") is of unknown origin, while óv is thought to be possibly of FU origin though not for certain. [see Chong]

ebe midwife /Turkish
öp-mek to kiss; öpüç-mek to kiss each other; öpü∫ kiss /Turkmen [glnp]

uba a nurse; wetnurse

1. buttocks; taki eve coccyx; uho eve part between coccyx and anus.

2. figuratively: protection. Ana oho au, e hoki koe ki raro ki te eve o to'u matu'a When I go, go back under your father's protection.

*ụwwạt- to kiss (целовать) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1008]

*'owa- /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN702]

avô [avañh] assistance, support, protection /Avestan

upas'in:ghati kisses /Sanskrit [sk]
upasthAyika, upamAtR, upasthAtR nurse /Sanskrit
papu a protector; a nurse /Sanskrit
av (chiefly said of kings or princes) to guard, defend, protect, govern /Sanskrit

pāraţ to break /Mishnaic Hebrew [ahd]

*ą.pp-ụjlụ- small (маленький) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN1605]

*'ulu- /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN697]

proš∂g to break (transitive); prošen∂g to cause to break /Baluchi [mab]
prwš∂g to break (intransitive); prwšaen∂g to cause to be broken, cause (someone) to break (something) /Baluchi [mab]

Hungarian ár is officially seen as of FU origin [Chong]
[mw2] suggests that the PFU is probably a loan from PIE *org^wha-

*u"r/- 1 to pay debts 2 thrifty /Turkic [ss]

*o"ri debt /Mongolian [ss]

*u/r- to sell /Japanese [ss]

*Ar- gift /Turkic [ss]

*aralz^|i- 1 to change, exchange, barter 2 exchange, change /Mongolian [ss]

aralz^|i- 1, a:ralz^|i 2 (MA 104) /Middle Mongolian; arilz^|i- 1 /Khalkha; aralz^|i-, allz^|i-, (Tod. 120) aliz^|i- /Dagur; ra:lz^|i- (SM 10 ara:z|/i-) Monguor [ss]

ar-dim merit /Turkish [also see artim-paz merit /Scythian]

*org^wha- /PIE [mw2]

*ŝare flood /Ugor; aro river delta /Karelian

ãc/hor (p. s/or) escape; flow out; run over; come out; go over. /Tibetan
swan to pour out, spill, shed. /Burmese
ŝon¹ to flow, as tears, sweat. /Kachin
ĉho/r the pouring of water /Lepcha
*z|ho\r ( / ?c-) leak, ooze, drop /Kiranti [ss]

ĉhar rain. Tibetan
fu:r the rainy season. Lushei [ss]

syrykmak to flow, leak, stream /Turkmen [glnp]
∫ire juice /Turkmen [glnp]

šeri spring, well /Manchu [as]

ōryū (-suru) overflow the bank
urumu be wet, moist; uruoi moisture, damp; uryo rain

*o"rs, *o"rsen 1 river, river bed 2 to flow /Turkic [ss]

*urus- to flow /Mongolian [ss]

*sark- to overflow, drip /Turkic [ss]

*sark- to sprinkle, drip /Mongolian [ss]

*sargi- to splatter (of water, rain) /Tungus [ss]

*su"r/- 1 to strain, filter 2 to swim, float /Turkic [ss]

*su"r- to rain in small drops, sprinkle /Mongolian [ss]

*ĉurgi:- ( ~ ŝ-) to flow, drip /Tungus [ss]

*hy\ry\- to flow /Korean [ss]

*si\ta\-t- to drop, leak /Japanese [ss]

*ŝVrV ( ~ s-) river, stream /Andian [ss]

*ŝara lake /Dargwa [ss]

er-e to pour any liquids; to pour; to overflow; ircilu fine drops of rain; ; or..ku to flow; n. torrent or strong current of a stream /Kannad.a; or..ukal leaking, dripping, leak; or..ukku (or..ukki-) to cause to drop, drip; or..ukkal pouring (as into the mouth); or..uku (or..uki-) to flow, leak, trickle down; u_r-u (u_r-i-) to spring, flow; ya_r-u, a_r-u river, brook/Tamil; ir-uka to drip, drop; or..ukkuka to flow, run down or off (of blood, water); o_r..uka to flow; u_r-uka to spring, ooze, ur-akka to spring, ooze out /Malayalam; ir to ooze /Gondi; u.r.- (u.r.y-) to spring forth /Kolami; u_r- to leak, drip /Naikr.i; u_r-e_r to ooze /Gadba; urpa (urt-) to ooze, spring up, sweat /Kui; war.f- (war.t-)(po.x blood) flows /Toda [sk]

sruth [sru] stream, flow, current /Irish //// Old Irish "srúaim" comes from Common Celtic *srô-men, from Indo-European *sru-men-s, from the root *sreu- (to flow). English "stream" is a cognate. [dk]

fearthuinn rain /Gaelic, fearthuinn /Irish, ferthain, inf. to feraim, I pour, give/Early Irish, *veraô, rain [from mcb]

uar waterfall, heavy shower, confluence (Sutherland Dial.) /Gaelic, úarán, fresh spring /Irish, Early Irish; also uaran, fresh water [see mcb]

a curge (vi) to flow, (vi/vt) to drip /Rumanian

úr a drizzle /Norse, wär sea /Anglo-Saxon [mcb]

sara current, stream /Thracian [id,cb]

rrjedh to flow, stream /Albanian [bd] < *sr-ed^(h)- to whirl, bubble, stream /PIE [bd]

ch'uhr (from ch'ur) 'anything protruded, drop of a liquid; numeral classifier'
in ch'uhr ha' 'a (one) drop of water'
ch'uhr ik'ar (ikar : wind, aigre) '"drops" of aigre (said to enter the body and cause sickness)'
inch'uhr ik'ar 'a (one) drop of aigre (gota de aigre)'
ch'uhr ch'ah 'drop or fall in drops, trickle, seep, dripping' (cl.3)
ch'uhr ch'ah e ha' 'dripping water'
ach'uhr ch'ah e ha' 'the water drips'
war ach'uhr ch'ah 'it is dripping'
ch'uhrch'es 'drip water, allow to seep thru' (cl.2a)

*u"ru"n| (*o"ru"n|) 1 white 2 dawn /Turkic [ss]

*o"r dawn /Mongolian [ss]

*(x)oru- to flame up /Tungus [ss]

är morning /Turkic

*(h)u:l- star /Proto Albanian; yll star [bd]

*hand-na: moon /Proto Albanian; he'ne' / hãne' moon /Albanian [bd]

arev sun /Armenian < *h₂reu- to get light, brighten /PIE [bd]

war, warar 'light, brilliance, radiance'
uwarar e k'in 'sunlight'
uwarar e kat tu' 'moonlight'
ut e warar 'ray of light, beam'
waran 'light, shiny, radiant'
warih 'light up, cast light (as the sun or a torch)' (cl.3)

kat?l, χot?l, kāt?l 'heavenly body, seven days' /Mansi; kotel, χat, χatel 'sun, also heavenly body, seven days' /Khanty; hajnal 'dawn, daybreak, sunrise' /Hungarian [alinei]

húgy star [archaic] /Hungarian {/k/ > /h/}

While Hungarian húsz '20' apparently has less exalted origins, it is still strikingly similar in form to these curious words. Must be another one of those coincidences.

itn sun; sun's disc /Old Egyptian [cgj]

*Kuĉyk constellation of Cancer /Proto Turkic [ss: 1439]

*xo:si-kta star /Proto Tungus [ss: 119]

hetu'u popohaga morning star; hetu'u ahiahi evening star; hetu'u viri meteorite. [anon]

ad- (Gedaged, Bilbil, Takia); aad- /Biliau; ake-ake- /Kuanua; adaw- /Kadai; adraw- /Indonesia; aldo- (Kapampangan, Ifugao); adlaw- (Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Illonggo) [pkm]

udtroadlaw- /Aklanon; udto- (Bikol, Cebuano); ugto- /Illongo [pkm]

aga- (Illonggo, Bikol); agahon- /Aklanon [pkm]

ange- /Loda ; ari- /Bacan; adaw- /Kadai; andaw- /Manobo; adraw- /Indonesia; adlaw- (Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Illongo); aldo- /Kapampangan; andro- /Malagasy [pkm]

ad- /Papuan (Austronesian) [pkm]

Phoneme /c/ is an unaspirated /k/
while /th/ is the aspirated /t/

*k^ad-² to shine, to flaunt /PIE [pok: 516-7]

kat 'supernatural being (meaning uncertain)'
katiyon, ah katiyon 'angel príncito (one of the sky deities associated with the Chicchans)'

katu' (? ka-tu, kat-tu' ) moon, moon deity (female guardian spirit of trees and of ?de., who presides over agriculture, fruit trees and childbirth)'

e katu' 'the moon, the moon deity'

Mansi tarań copper; Khanty ŧorń?

The first part is beltz "black" but the second part -aran is unknown [lt]

The Etruscan is dated after the Ugor but before the Magyar according to [alinei]

*sarańa /Iranian root [alinei]

hiran.yam gold; silver; any precious metal /Sanskrit Lex. [sk]

*or- to mow /Turkic [ss]

*oro:-kta grass (dry), hay /Tungus [ss]

haraz mill /Turkmen [glnp]

oroshi grater /Japanese

*ar-i- to cut /South Dravidian [ss]

*ar-k- to cut, harvest /Kolami-Gadba [ss]

*ar-at- to cut /Gondwan [ss]

úluw /Chukchee; ulγąv /Koryak; ulγąv /Palan; ulγąv /Alutor [ss]

orugma, atos, to, (orussô) excavation, trench, ditch, moat

овраг [ovrag] ravine /Russian

arak an island /Persian [fjs]

*(i)a:ra 1 space between 2 distance /Turkic [ss]

*ar- 1 poorly grown, thin 2 space 3 island /Mongolian [ss]

*ara- 1 open space 2 open ritual court /Tungus [ss]

also see Hungarian úr "lord, gentleman, master; sir; [archaic] lead male"

According to the Illustrated Vienna Chronicle of 1374 :-

According to the officially accepted version of events :-

also see Hungarian eke plough

hbs cultivate, hoe /Old Egyptian [cgj]

h%pr (i) "dig" /Akkadian [oi4]

*Kobul/, *Kobul/a- 1 sharpened (arrow) 2 to sharpen, plane /Turkic [ss]

*kobiki a k. of chisel with a grooved blade /Mongol [ss]

*kuba- to plane, scrape /Tungus [ss]

kapetos [a^], hê, (for skapetos , from skaptô) ditch, trench II. shovel, spade (?)
skapet-os [a^], hê, (skaptô) trench / mostly in form kapetos (q.v.)

ska^ph-is I. bowl II. spade, shovel

cavar to dig /Spanish

čeprkati to scratch the scround, dig for; search, rummage /Serbo-Croatian
iskapati to dig out, unearth, excavate /Serbo-Croatian
iskopati to get by digging, unearth; hollow out; burrow; sink a well /Serbo-Croatian
kopati to dig,delve; trench, ditch; hoe, spade /Serbo-Croatian
kopať dig, hoe /Slovak
kopaq to dig /Bulgar; kopat'sya /Russian

kabidan to dig; to excavate, hollow out; to scratch; to cleave asunder /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]

azô dry up, parch /Classical Greek [lsj]
aza, hê, heat 2. dryness, of the skin 3. metaph., unsatisfied desire II. dirt, mould 2. dry sediment /Classical Greek [lsj1]

osušen dried; parched; grown meagre; seasoned; dehydrated /Serbo-Croatian
osušiti to dry up; to drain off; desiccate; wipe; dehydrate /Serbo-Croatian
suša drought /Serbo-Croatian

sušený dried; vysušiť dry up /Slovak

Azyai to become dry, dry up, shrink in drying /Sanskrit
s'o_s.a drying up, dryness (MBh.); summer /Sanskrit [sk]

? oˆl'- heat; ignite (Khanty); @t- heat; ignite (Southern Khanty); õzjy- catch fire; õzty- fire, ignite, light (Komi); esty- to heat (Udmurt) [Chong]

issi heat; ocak 1. January; 2. furnace; kiln, hearth, fireplace; quarry, mine /Turkish
sicak hot, warm; heat; isitmak a heat; isinmak grow warm /Turkish

yssy hot; yssylamak to get hot, heat up /Turkmen [glnp]

isti hot; istilik heat (Azeri); asa hot (Chuvash); issi hot (Karachai); issyk warm (Kyrgyz); esse hot; esselek heat [? kyzun, zˆyly hot] (Tatar); is soot; issi scorching hot; suffocating heat; IsI warm; IsIn- warm; warm oneself; I$Ik lamp, light; I$Il damak to sparkle, twinkle; I$In ray; I$InIm radiation; [? kIzgIn warm] (Turkish); isyk rak warm (Uigur); [? qizigan hot]; issik heat (Uzbek) [Chong]

asa- get burning (Classical Mongol) [Chong]

atsu hot /Japanese [Chong]
ase sweat /Old Japanese; ase sweat /Japanese

aza, hê, heat 2. dryness, of the skin 3. metaph., unsatisfied desire II. dirt, mould 2. dry sediment

asar roast /Spanish; assar bake /Portuguese

ase sweat /Danish

ožeći to burn, scorch; užeći to set fire to, kindle, ignite /Serbo-Croatian
užaren red-hot, white-hot; hot; incandescent /Serbo-Croatian
užariti to glow /Serbo-Croatian

azar, azur Fire; name of the angel presiding over fire, and the day azar; affairs of the month and day azar, the former being the ninth solar month, the latter being the ninth day of any month, but particularly of the fourth month, tir-mah; name of seven celebrated fire-temples dedicated to the seven planets, and called in their respective order: azari mihr, nosh, bahram, a'in (ayin), khurin, barzin (burzin), zardahusht; name of Abraham's father; (met.) love. /Persian [fjs]

=a:c- 2 /Chechen; =ac- 2 /Ingush; =ac- 1 /Batsbi [ss]

aza, hê, heat 2. dryness, of the skin 3. metaph., unsatisfied desire II. dirt, mould 2. dry sediment; asê [a^], Aeol. asa, hê, surfeit, loathing, nausea 2. distress, vexation 3. longing, desire /Classical Greek [lsj1]

is desire, seek /Gaelic; Greek i@'ótcs, wish, i@`/meros, desire; Church Slavonic iskati, seek; Sanskrit ish, seek, Zend. ish, wish. [from mcb]

asi'- to love /Luwian; así to love Hittite [cb]

us, user 'wish, desire, liking for'
usre 'wish for, like, prefer' (cl.2a)
utz, user 'wish, desire'
utzat 'desirous, good'
utzerbir 'desired, wished for'
utzi 'wish for, adore, worship' (cl.2)

Hungarian asztal is often claimed to be a loan with Slavic /s/ becoming Hungarian /asz/

[kl] reminds us that this is a loan from Russian apparently with Slavic /s/ becoming Khakassian /os/

stol throne, chair /Old Frisian [db]

stols /Gothic; ON sto/ll /Old Norse; sto:l /Old English, Old Saxon; OHG,MHG stuol /OHG,MHG; stoel(e), stole `chair' /MDutch [db]

stol table; board; stolar joiner; cabinet-maker /Serbo-Croatian
Slovak stool table; Russian stol, Czech stůl

sta~las `table' /Lithuanian [db]
stalis `table' /Old Prussian [db]

gwz V /Aramaic [cal]

gw$#2 N gw$) /Aramaic [cal]

g$r V /Aramaic [cal

g$r N g$r) /Aramaic [cal]

xt#2 N xt) /Aramaic [cal]

*pede:- to ford, cross over /Tungus [ss]

*pa\ta/-h, *pa\da>/r sea /Korean [ss]

*ba/ta/ 1 sea 2 to ford /Japanese [ss]

a∫-mak to cross; a∫yr-mak to get across /Turkmen [glnp]
ätle-mek 1. to step 2. to cross, transgress; ät-mek to step /Turkmen [glnp]
öt-mek 1. to cross, to go through 2. to burn /Turkmen [glnp]

güzer ford /Turkmen [glnp]

utqet /Koryak; husqą " /Palan [ss]

*eti above, beyond /PIE [cg2]

áti across, beyond, past, over /Sanskrit

ùidh a ford, that part of a stream leaving a lake before breaking into a current; also an isthmus (M`Kinnon), uidh, aoi); from Norse eið, an isthmus, neck of land. Hence Eye or Ui near Stornoway, older Ey, Huy, Eie. [mcb]

gacati to wade, ford on foot; flounder /Serbo-Croatian
gaz a ford, shallow water; depth of water a ship draws /Serbo-Croatian
gaziti to ford, wade; to cross by wading /Serbo-Croatian

газя (gazya) to wade /Bulgar

xiid bridge (Eastern Ossetian); xood (Western Ossetian) [Chong]
khadak a bridge /Persian [fjs]
ikhazat making one ford (a river). /Persian [fjs]

k'aht (from k'at) 'anything laid or placed across, bridge'
k'aht tor e xukur 'bridge over a river'
k'ahtib 'suspension wires (as of a bridge) supporting timbers (as of ..??)
k'at 'cross, crossing of two objects'
k'atar 'crossed, crosswise'
k'atbu ah te' kohn 'bridge a stream'
k'atbu e te' tor e ha' 'lay a timber across a stream'
k'atbu tuuhor 'lay on, lay over'
k'atwan 'lie across or over, be crosswise or crossed' (cl.3)

Officially Hungarian kocsi is said to derive from the village name Kocs [Chong]

*go"ĉ- 1 to migrate, nomadize 2 nomadizing /Turkic [ss]

*ko"ske transportation, mount, cart /Mongolian [ss]

*k@/si\ palanquin /Japanese [ss]

kaç- escape, flee, run away; ko$- hitch; ride; run (Turkish) [Chong]

xoš car (Kalmuk) [Chong]

qεcεt- /Chukchee; qejet (I) /Koryak [ss]

coach /English
Kutsche coach /German

kočija coach, carriage; vehicle /Serbo-Croatian
ko`iq[ coachman /Bulgar

koch wandering tribe; migration, decamping; marching, setting off /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]
kochanidan to cause to march on /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]
koch ba-koch travelling one after another; a highwayman's horse /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]

og@t (Khanty); Åxt (Man's'i)[Chong]
tee road /Vaddja [fv]

muõtt@, uat path, track, way (Šölqup) [Chong]

"Ulysses, Odysseus" [az96, glb]
"separated, separator, distancer" [az96]

hodos "a way, road, hence a journey, hence also a way, manner, means of doing something" [ep: 448]

Odysseus is seen as deriving from Greek *odussos "irritated, irritable" according to [ep: 448], and he says that the meaning of "the wayfarer" is less probable, because hodos "way" is unlikely to become *odos. [ep: 448]

uidh, uidhe a journey, distance, Irish uidhe, Early Irish ude, Old Irish huide, profectio: *odio-n, root pod, ped, go; Latin pes, pedis, foot; Greek @Gpoús, @Gpodós, foot; English foot; Sanskrit padyâ, footstep. [mcb]

ùdrathad, ùtraid free egress and regress to common pasture; from the Norse - cf. útreið, an expedition, "out-road". [mcb]

utraid district road /Gaelic [mcb]

*ud|a: /Proto Albanian; udhe' road, way /Albanian [bd]

ulica street /Slovak; akin to Czech ulice, Russian ulica

Iranian (????)

*av-i- /South Dravidian [ss]

avi (-v-, -nt-) to ferment (as decayed fruit, vegetable matter, manure heaps); avical that which is decayed (Tamil); aviyuka to rot, spoil (as fruits laid on a heap); avikka, amikka to produce rotting (as of fruits for distillation)(Malayalam); avi to rot, be spoiled, damaged (Kannad.a); aviyu to rot (Telugu) [sk]