Magyar
Word List
VA-ZS

List is approximately in English alphabetical order not Hungarian.

vagy or; vagy-lagos alternative /Hungarian

Etruscan

vecu "alternate manner" [az96] < *wekw-/*wakw- [az96]

-val, -vel suffix meaning "with" /Hungarian
vele "with him/her/it" /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian -val, -vel are thought to derive from Hungarian vele which may possibly be of FU origin (though a bit hard to identify the source). [Chong]

Altaic/Turkic

bile together; bilele∫ik association;bilelikde together; bilen with /Turkmen [glnp]

Etruscan

pi, -pi, pul at, in, for, by, through, with

vállal to undertake; accept; vállal-kozás enterprise, undertaking, establishment, company /Hungarian
vállal-kozó contractor /Hungarian

Dravidian

ve_lai work, labour, task (As.t.ap. Tiruvaran:kak. 54); business, matter; workmanship, situation, office (Tamil); ve_lai-y-a_l. workman, labourer; servant (Tamil.lex.) ve_l.e-ya_l.u a watchman (Kannad.a.lex.) ve_laikka_ran-, ve_lai-y-a_l. manservant, workman, labourer; ve_laikka_ri servant maid (Tamil); ve_la work, labour, religious ceremony in temples, difficulty; ve_lakka_ran labourer, servant (Malayalam); be_le work, labour (Tulu); ve_la work (Telugu)(DEDR 5540). [sk]

Niger-Congo (?)

feelu to give a hand, contribute to, help in /Wollof [pc2]

Crow, raven; sparrow

varjú crow, rook /Hungarian

Uralic

*vara crow /Uralic [ryan]

varaka crow /Erzya; varõz crow /Vaddja [fv]
warngei crow /Forest-Nenets [fv]
vare crow /Estonian
varis /Finnish

Sumerian

buru 4,5mušen raven ?, crow ?; sparrow ?; locust, grasshopper (cf., bìr for animals in plural numbers, bir for destructive wreckers, and bur12, bu(3,6) + nominative for anything that harvests or destroys plants) [jh]

(1) Indo-European

Reconstructed

*worn- a raven /PIE [cb2]

Celtic

brana a raven /Irish Ogham [cb2]

Tocharian

wraun'a a crow [cb2]

Slavic

*vorna a crow /Proto Slavic [cb2]

vrana crow; vran (adj.) black, raven /Serbo-Croatian
vrana crow /Slovak

Balto-Slavic

varna /Lithuanian [cb2]

(2) Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

bala a crow /Sanskrit [iits2]

veréb sparrow /Hungarian

Uralic

Finnish varpunen; Estonian varblane

Sumerian

buru 4,5mušen raven ?, crow ?; sparrow ?; locust, grasshopper (cf., bìr for animals in plural numbers, bir for destructive wreckers, and bur12, bu(3,6) + nominative for anything that harvests or destroys plants) [jh]

Altaic/Turkic (????)

balaban falcon /Cuman [pbg]

balaban bittern (Botaurus stellaris) /Turkish

Indo-European

Albanian

harabel sparrow

Slavic

Cheh vrabec; Slovak vrabec; Serbo-Croatian vrabac; Bulgar врабче (vrabche); Russian воробей

Polish wrobel; Latvian zvirbulis

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

balwarta a sparrow; a swallow; a butterfly; a bat. /Persian [fjs]

furfur name of a bird; a sparrow /Persian [fjs]

This one is a loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

vas iron, metal /Hungarian

Uralic

uos iron /Old Hungarian (~1300 AD) [gzb1]
vas iron, metal /Modern Hungarian

Hungarian vas is officially of FU origin.
Modern Hungarian for "copper" is réz

wieðe iron /Forest-Nenets [fv]
vasara hammer /Vaddja [fv] (??)

vask copper /Estonian; vaski copper /Finnish
vaski copper /Vaddja [fv]

The difference in meaning between Hungarian vas "iron" and Finnish vaski "copper" is casually explained as being due to the number of millenia which separates the two languages. Perhaps.

However, keep in mind that /m/ or /b/ often become /v/ in Hungarian [fh] as you ponder some of these "similar" words.

Indo-European

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

basej, bisej arms, armour; apparatus for a journey; furniture, gear; purpose, design, enterprise; (in comp.) preparing, prepared; bash a bandage; a hoop of silver, iron, or brass to fasten boxes; a padlock; a watered field; bishar, bashar scattered (money); inlaid with gold or silver; stamped silver (to specify its fineness); beaten (gold); tired, wearied; a fetter; a prisoner; a gentle rubbing; touch. /Persian [fjs] (??)

mas a sort of fetter; etc.; mis copper /Persian [fjs]

Classical Greek [lsj1]

misu , uos and eôs, to, a copper ore found in Cyprus

(1) Slavic

miedž copper /Belarusian; miedz /Polish; meď /Slovak; med /Bulgar; mid' /Ukranian; med' (медь) /Russian; med /Cheh

(2) Balto/Slavic

varš copper /Latvian; varis /Lithuanian

(3) Slavic

bakar copper /Serbo-Croatian; baker /Slovene

Loans from Turkish bakýr "copper" ?

Market; market day = Sunday?

vásár market /Hungarian

Uralic

vásár fair; market /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian vásár is from Iranian [Chong]

bazár "miscellaneous goods shop, bazaar" /Hungarian

Another loan. A bit of duplication, it seems.

Altaic/Tungus

puseli shop, store /Manchu [as]

Austro-Asiatic (?)

basut property; tij basut, cij basut goods and chattels (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Indo-European

Armenian

vahĉahr; vahĉahrel- give away (Old Armenian - Dorosmai) [Chong]

Slavic

vašar fair, market /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

bazar a market; a market-day; a bargain; usage, currency; beauty, splendour /Persian [fjs]

waazaar (Pehlevi) [Chong]

vasár-nap Sun-day /Hungarian

Uralic

vasár-nap Sun-day /Hungarian

Etymology?

Dravidian

va_sara a day (Kannad.a); va_sara-pati the sun; va_sara-man.i the sun (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

vasar dawn in: vasar-han (RV.); va_sra day; vas shine /Sanskrit [sk]

vâsará, early shining, morning /Sanskrit [mcb]

vég end, conclusion /Hungarian {b>v}
vég-ez to do, perform, accomplish; to end, finish /Hungarian
vég-ig to the (very) end /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian is officially of FU origin.

[? viime, etc. (the) last (Finnish); viima; viimaks at last (Karelian)] / vij, vyj middle, e.g. of the way; vyjõ boundary (Komi) [Chong]

uug(e), uugo (Šölqup) [Chong]

Sino-Tibetan

*Pik end /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "fork"
bi 4 /Modern (Beijing) < pjit /Middle Chinese < pit /Old Chinese
{Also used for a homonymous *pit 'to finish, complete'} [ss]

pac/ to finish doing smth. /Burmese [ss]

Altaic

*mu:/c^`i edge, end /Altaic [ss]

*bu:c^-gak, -mak (outer) corner, angle /Turkic [ss]

buc^g|ak Old Turkic; buz^|ak Turkish [ss]
bu:z^|ak Turkmen; p@w|s/mex Chuvash [ss]

*muc^- 1 edge, limit, end 2 to turn back, return /Tungus [ss]

moc^o- 2 /Negidal; moc^a 1, moc^ogo- 2 /Nanai; mu.c^a 1, mu.c^u.-z^|i.- 2 /Ulcha; mu.c^c^a 1, mu.ttu.- 2 /Orok; /muh-t`ah-pen-/ 2 /Zhurzhen; mu.c^u.- 2 /Even; muc^u:- 2 /Evenki [ss]

*ma>\c^(h)- 1 to finish 2 finish, end /Korean [ss]

ma>\c^- 1, ma>\c^ha>/m 2 Middle Korean [ss]
mac^hi- 1 Modern Korean [ss]

*m@/t@/-p@r- to come back, return /Japanese [ss]

motopor-, RJ mo\do\r-, mo/to/fo/r- Old Japanese [ss]
modo/r- Tokyo [ss]

Basque

buka-era (G,U) (n.) end, termination, ending
buka-tu (G,U) to finish, end, terminate

Yuki

wą·k, wo·k last, late [y84]

vén old /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian vén might be possibly of FU origin. [Chong]

vanha (adj.) old /Vaddja [fv]

vanhoja /Finnish; vanu /Estonian

Indo-European/Slavic

venuće fading, withering, wilting; venuti to wither,wilt, fade, droop /Serbo-Croatian

vér blood /Hungarian

Uralic

*vere- /Uralic; *were FU [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 192 #1> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

boy blood (Bedawiye, Beja)

Agaw

b@ri blood /Awngi; b@r /Bilin; b@r /Kemant; bir /Qwara; b@r /Xamir; bera /Xamta

Cushitic, East

abal'a blood /Afar; biil- bleed /Saho

Chadic

beli blood /Gidar; bar /Jegu; vara /Jara; baari /Dangla; fel /Musgu; obor /Mubi; obor /Ngizim; bari /Somrai; var /Hina

Omotic

buroo werguild (payment made to avoid a blood-feud) /Kafa

Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #5> [oi4]

Chadic

vara blood /Jara; fel blood /Musgu; obor blood /Ngizim; mbeli blood /Gidar

Cognate Set <Newman (1977) , #10> [oi4]

Chadic

*bar blood /Proto Chadic

vara blood /Jara; fel blood /Musgu; baar blood /Dangla
ba blood /Tumak; voran/ blood /Zaar

Cognate Set <Appleyard (1984), p. 38 #2> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

b@ri blood /Awngi; b@ri /Bilin
b@ri /Kemant; b@ri /Xamir

Cognate Set <Diakonoff () , #99> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

b@r blood /Xamir

Cushitic, East

biloo blood /Somali

Chadic

bari blood /Proto East Chadic
beli blood /Proto Central Chadic

vessző rod, thin stick /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian vessző is officially of FU origin.

[? waˆsa pole, rod (Khanty); waˆs a curved stick belonging to a snare (KnO); vadzˆos each of the loose crossbars on a frame for drying fish (Lappish); oša, waaša, woša pole, rod, or stick for fixing the ends (or one end) of a fishing net in the water; punting-pole; pole or spit for drying fish (Man's'i); waze bow (for shooting); rod, twig, verge (Mari)] [Chong]

Indo-European

Reconstruction

*isu arrow /Proto Indo-European [cg2]

Armenian

vahz vine-branch/shoot (13th cent. Armenian - Dorosmai) [Chong]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

isu, is.uka arrow; is.i_ka_ reed used as an arrow /Avestan [sk]

Indo-Aryan

is.u arrow; isu sort of sugar-cane, small stick to stir crucible/Sanskrit [sk]
i_s.ika_ arrow; is'i_ka_ /Sanskrit [sk]

vész catastrophe, disaster, calamity /Hungarian

Uralic

We have one expert source (MÉK) saying that Hungarian vész "disaster" is derived from venni/vesz "to buy, purchase". [see Chong]

Another expert (TESz) says venni/vesz "to buy, purchase" is probably related to vinni/visz- "carry". which according to (MÉK) is derived from a F-U root. [see Chong]

Indo-European

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

bais, bis adversity, calamity; confusion; difficulty, straits./Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says this is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

vet to throw, cast, fling, to sow (seed) /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian vet is possibly of F-U origin.

[? vid'ems to sow (seeds) (Erzya); ü·ðem id. (Kosmodemjansk Mari); wüðe~·m id. (Uršum Mari); v'id'@·ms: id. (Mokša)] [Chong]

Austro-Asiatic

bid `insert, plant, sow' /Munda [mw1]

Dravidian

*vit- to sow /Dravidian [ss]

vittu to sow, spread, broadcast (Tamil) [c.f. vitir to scatter, throw about, sprinkle (Ta.)(DEDR 5400)] seed, semen (Tamil,Malayalam); to sow; n. seed, testicle; vittanamu seed, testicle; veda sowing (Telugu); vitanam seed (Kolami,Naikri); vit- to sow broadcast (Kolami); to sow (Naikri, Parji, Gadba, Kond.a, Mand.o); vi_t- id. (Gadba, Gondi, Pengo); vi_ti seed (Gadba); vitu seed (Kond.a); vittid (pl. vittil) seed, semen (Parji); vitai seed, testicle; vitaippu sowing (Tamil); vita sowing, sowing season, grain sown; vitar seed (Malayalam); vit- (vity-) to sow; vit seed; vitan. time of sowing (Kota); pit- (pity-) to sow; pit seed (Toda); bittu to put seeds, sow; bittu, bitta, bir..tu seed; bittige, bittane act of sowing; bede seed, sowing (Kannad.a); bitt- (bitti-) to sow, scatter; bitti seed selected for sowing; bide a particular sort of seed; butte semine virile (Tulu); vitka_ semen (Kui); vi_can.a id. (Kuwi); wita_na_ to sow broadcast; to sow; vita_na_ to sow (Gondi)(DEDR 5401). [sk]

va_t.u throwing, casting, flinging, a blow, stroke /Telugu; va_t.a_na_, wa_t.a_na_ to put; va_t.- to throw; va_t.a_na_ to throw, throw away, put /Gondi [sk]

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

we'ch' 'a sprinkling, a scattering'
we'ch'e 'scatter, throw about' (cl.1)
we'ch'er 'sown, a sowing'
we'ch'erbir 'sown'
we'ch'ru (we'ch'er-u) 'sprinkle, sow' (cl.2)

Blossom, bloom, flower

vir-ág flower, a bloom /Hungarian
vir-it to bloom /Hungarian

Uralic

Perhaps also c.f. virrad to dawn, shine /Hungarian

Niger-Congo (?)

firi to flower; firoo (n.) flower /Mandinka [pc1]

falu to be elected, germinate /Wollof [pc2]
firi to spread, undo, flower /Wollof [pc2]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Diakonoff () , #23> [oi4]

Cushitic

faar(R) blossom/flower/bud (Bedawiye, Beja)

Semitic

pry, pr?' fruit /Proto Semitic

Egyptian

pr.t fruit etc. /Old Egyptian

Austric (??)

pua flower; pu-rakau blossom /Moriori [mor]
pua, blossom; pua, putiputi flower /Mäori [ua]

Sino-Tibetan

*pha:r flower /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

ãbar to open, begin to bloom. /Tibetan [ss]
panh flower. /Burmese [ss]
pan1- a flower, cf. also (Mat.) ban1 plant, as in a nursery. /Kachin
pa:r a blossom, a flower, par? to open (as a flower). /Lushei [ss]

*ba>rH to open /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

phran? spread (wings), pran? spread (a carpet). /Burmese
phjan2 to spread the wings, to open, as the fist ( < Burm.?). /Kachin
phar? to open (the hand, flower, etc.); be wide open. /Lushei [ss]

Dravidian

*vĭr- to grow, overflow; proud, arrogant /Dravidian [ss]

vir.p to spread out/Gondi; viri to expand, spread out/Tamil; virikka to expand/ Malayalam; biri to expand, open, blossom/ Kannad.a; viri-ttal to cause to expand; to open, unfold /Tamil(Tamil lex.); berrna_ to overflow, as leaven when fermenting (Kur.ux); virra_na_ to grow, increase /Gondi; vir-r-avi~_gu to be proud, or haughty; swell, be puffed up /Telugu; vle_nda, vle_nd.a to rise, expand, swell, distend; vle_pka (< vle_k-p-; vle_kt-) to cause to exapnd, stretch, widen out (Kond.a); velng to spread (Parji); velkip to spread, expand (Parji); vir.p to spread out (Gondi); viriyal blossoming (Tamil); virikka to expand (Malayalam); vringa to be loosened (Kui); viriccal hatching (Malayalam) [sk]

(1) Indo-European

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

wariq becoming leafy; green, flourishing, verdant /Persian [fjs]

A loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

belaq a flower; a garden; a cool grotto /Persian [fjs]

Leading /b/ can become /v/ in Hungarian

(2) Indo-European

*werdh to grow /Proto IE
*uerdh-, *uredh- to grow; high /PIE [pok: 1167]
*bhreu-, *bhreu-d- to swell, sprout /PIE [pok: 169]
*perth- pole; sprout /PIE [pok: 823]

Italic

vĭrĕo -ĕre, to be green, vigorous, healthy, fresh /Latin [Cassell]
vĭrĭdans -antis, green; vĭrĭdis -e, green (fresh, young) /Latin [Cassell]

The unattested PIE root is seen as *weis "sprout"?

see *ueis-1 to sprout, grow /PIE [pok: 1133]

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

vRdh /Sanskrit

(a) elevate, make to grow, make greater, strengthen
(b) elevate inwardly, cheer
(c) to grow, thrive

vRddhá /Sanskrit

(ppl.) grown, become great; increased (of wealth);
(adj.) grown up; old, aged

vis-el to wear (clothes); to bear, carry; undertake /Hungarian

Uralic

In ancient times one used various articles hung on one's person as adornments or embellishments made of fur, cloth, metal, shells, feathers and so on.

But, of course, Hungarian visel has to be a loan.

Altaic

*p`a>/si to hang /Altaic [ss]

*as- to hang /Turkic [ss]

as- (OUigh.) /Old Turkic; as- (MK) /Karakhanid; as- (Sangl., Houts.) /Middle Turkic; as- /Turkish; as- /Azeri; as- /Gagauz; as- /Turkmen; has- /Khaladzh; as- /Sary-Yughur; as- /Tatar; as- /Kirghiz; as- /Kazakh; as- /Balkar; as- /Kumyk; as- /Karakalpak; o|s- /Uzbek; as- /Uighur; at|- /Bashkir; a's- /Tuva-Tofalar; us-, os- /Chuvash [ss]

*(h)asa- to climb up; to stick, cling to /Mongol [ss]

asa- /Written Mongolian; asa- /Khalkha; aha /Buriat; as- /Kalmuck [ss]

The Mongol parallel is somewhat dubious semantically. [ss]

*pasi- to hang /Tungus [ss]

pasi.- /Nanai; pasi.- /Orok; xasi- /Oroch [ss]

*pi/sa\(n)ka- to hold in hands /Japanese [ss]

p(j)i/sa\(n)ka- (Old Japanese); hisage- (Tokyo) [ss]

Dravidian

hucc- to put on cloth (Kui); hu_cali to put on clothes; hucinai to dress; hoc-, oc- (-it-) to put on, wear (loincloth)(Kuwi) [sk]

c.f Hungarian huz 'to pull, draw'; huz-at 'a cover one pulls on' etc.

pacca (Tadbhava of pracchada or prasa_dhana) dressing; dress; embellishing, adorning; an ornament; pacca-ga_r-a a man whose occupation is embellishing or adorning, a dresser, a master of the robes; paccad.a, accad.a, haccad.a, paccavad.a (Tadbhava of pracchada) a large wrapper; a stout cotton cloth, generally twenty-four cubits long and two cubits broad; to make it broader, it is cut crosswise, and the two haves are sewn together; it is used as a wrapper or cover at night (Kannad.a); pacca (Telugu); paccavat.am (Tamil,Malayalam); paccad.isu, haccad.isu to dress, to adorn; paccavad.ati a woman whose occupation is dressing or adorning, a mistress of the robes; pacca_yla, paccayila, pacca_yila, pasa_yita a master of the robes (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

Indo-European

Reconstruction

*ues- to dress /PIE [bd]

Germanic

wasjan `to dress' /Gothic [bd]

Albanian

*uas/ei- /Proto Albanian [bd]

vesh to dress, wear /Albanian [bd]

Anatolian

waŝŝ(a)- wear /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]

Indo-Iranian

Indo-Aryan

va:sa/yati `to dress, clothe' /Sanskrit [bd]
va_sana covering dress /Sanskrit [sk]

Iranian

pošaen∂g to cause to wear, cause to put on /Baluchi [mab]
pošak (n.) garments, dress /Baluchi [mab]
poš∂g to put on, wear /Baluchi [mab]

vödör pail, bucket /Hungarian

Uralic

peet@r (Man's'i) [Chong]

Officially, Hungarian vödör is thought to be of Slavic origin.

Altaic/Turkic

bedre pail /Turkmen [glnp]
vedr@ (Azeri) [Chong]

Dravidian

vo_d.hr. one who carries or bears or draws; a bearer, a porter; a leader; a draught horse; a bull; a bridegroom (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

Indo-European

Celtic

? meadar a wooden pail or vessel, Irish meadar, a hollowed-out drinking vessel, churn, Middle Irish metur; from Latin metrun, measure, metre, meter [mcb]

Slavic

vedro pail, bucket /Serbo-Croatian
vedieť can; vedro-nádoba bucket; vedro tub /Slovak
kofa, wedro bucket /Bulgar; vedro /Russian

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

vo_d.hr. a bearer, porter; a leader, a husband; a bull; a charioteer; a draught-horse (Sanskrit lex.); vo_d.hr. carrying, bringing (Pa_n..) vod.havya to be borne or carried; able to be borne; vo_d.hr. drawing, a draught horse, ox (RV. vii.71.4; rathah- vo_d.ha_, S'Br. xiii.1.9.4; pura_nd.va_n vo_d.ha_ jaje_ from ancient times an ox was born as a draught animal (Vedic.lex.) o_s.t.t.a a great ox (KS'S. v.11.13); o_d.ha brought near to, invoked (Sat. v.3)(Vedic.lex.) [sk]

zaj noise, din /Hungarian

Uralic

*s'oje noise /F.U.

Indo-European

Slavic

zuj buzz, buzzing; hum, humming /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian

zajaj (v.n. of Q) forcing one unjustly to work; mischief accompanied with tumult and noise; violence; ivory; a sort of pearl or bead; -- zijaj (v.n. of Q) exciting a disturbance; misdeed; any sort of tree whose fruit is poisonous; (in P. zajaj) any tree which yields a scent. /Persian [fjs]

A loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

zajjat noise, clamour of a mob /Persian [fjs]

A loan from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

zár (n.) a lock; zár-ni to lock /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian zár is derived from závár "bar", "bolt", "lock" which is supposed to be of Slavic origin. [Chong]

Sumerian

sur (v.) to delimit, bound, divide; (n.) a garden plant; rushes; chaff, chopped straw [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 304 #1> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

eseer pen (Bedawiye, Beja)

Cushitic, East

ijaar build /Oromo; hut'a enclosed area hedge /Sidamo; ijaar(-ki) pen /Somali; oot'a fence /Hadiyya

Semitic

h!z!r penned-in area /Proto Semitic

Altaic

*sar/o fence, village /Altaic [ss]

*sor/ak village /Turkic [ss]

sozaq ( ~ -u-) /Old Turkic [ss]

*siro"ge 1 fence 2 muzzle /Mongolian [ss]

siru"ge Written Mongolian; ŝo"ro"g /Khalkha; ŝo"rg@ /Kalmuck [ss]

*saru- 1 a sit in boat made like a tent 2 fence /Tungus [ss]

sa:ru.(n) 1 /Ulcha; sari.(n) 1, saru.qa 2 /Orok [ss]

*satua home village /Japanese [ss]

satwo /Old Japanese; sato /Tokyo [ss]

Basque

ziri-tu (C) to block

Caucasian

*h|az|_a:rV enclosure, wattle-fence /North Caucasian [ss]

*z|?_a:ra 1 wattle-fence 2 wattle /Nakh [ss]

z?|a:ra 1 /Chechen; z?|ar 1 /Ingush; zar 2 /Batsbi [ss]

*?ac.:ar ( ~ hI-) enclosure, pen /Lezghian [ss]

at:ur /Tabasaran; ad:ar /Rutul [ss]

Dravidian

ta_r..-p-pa_l. bolt, bar (Tamil); ta_r.. bolt, bar, latch, blocks in a wall to support beams (Tamil)(DEDR 3179) [sk]

(1) Indo-European

Celtic

serr closed /Breton [gp]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

zurafin a bar, a bolt; the ring of a door-post for fastening a door /Persian [fjs]
zurfin a bolt or ring of a door /Persian [fjs]

(2) Indo-European

Italic

sĕra, -ae a bar, bolt /Latin [Cassell's]

[ahd] tentatively suggests that this might derive from "that which aligns" that is, it might be related to Proto Indo-European *ser-2 "to line up". [Check out Hungarian sor "row, line"]

Cry, sob; roar, buzz

zokog to sob /Hungarian
zúg to roar, blow, buzz /Hungarian

Uralic

/-og/ is a 'suffix of repetition'.

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

z(q (za`aq) /Hebrew (Old Testament Strong No: 2201)

cry, crying, cry of distress, lamentations, outcry

z(q (vb.) /Aramaic [cal]

011 passim to cry out, to shout
012 Syr to sound
031 Syr to cry out
032 Syr to call
061 Syr to be called
062 Syr to play a horn

LS2 202

zgg V /Aramaic [cal]

011 Syr to ring, to buzz
012 Syr to cry out
031 Syr to make to ring

LS2 188

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

zhakh a groan, plaint; the shrill cry of wild beasts; a wart; troublesome; disquieted, weary /Persian [fjs]

zaghagak a sob, hiccup; zaghangidan to sob, to sigh. /Persian [fjs]

Drunkenness, boozing, carousing; depravity, prostitute

züll- to carouse, booze; to enjoy, amuse one's self /Hungarian

Altaic/Turkic

∫erap wine /Turkmen [glnp]

Indo-European

Paleo-Balkan/Thracian

zelâs ‘wine' (Choerob. 124, 11 Gaisf.), zēlas (Cobeti excerpt e cod. Marc. 489), zeilá (Phot. Lex.), zílai (Hesych.). [id]

As related to it are given the Greek chális ‘pure (not watered down) wine), the Mac. kálithos ‘wine) (Hesych.), the Old-Ind. hāla ‘brandy'. The Thracian zelâs can be also compared to the Lith. Žalas ‘red (for cattle)', the Latv. zals ‘bright red, brown', the Bret. gell ‘reddish, brown', all from the IE *g'hel- ‘to shine'. Thus for the Thracians the wine got its name from its red colour. {according to [id]}

züll-ö-tt depraved, prostitute /Hungarian < züll-

Uralic

Hungarian suffix /-tt/ forms the Past Tense from the Verb.
While /-ö-/ is a linking vowel subject to Vowel Harmony.

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

zulluwth vilest, vileness /Hebrew (Old Testament Strong No: 02149)

zll V < zwl /Aramaic [cal]

011 JLATg,JBA to be of little value
012 Syr to leap up
013 Syr to be missing
014 Syr to be vile
015 Syr to become vicious
016 JBA to be contemptable
021 Syr to raise up, to dirty
022 Syr to revile
023 Syr to lead into Vice
041 JBA to be disgraced
051 Syr to Vacillate
052 Syr to Vilify
053 Syr to act shamelessly
031 JLAGal,Syr,JBA to make cheap
032 Syr to make light
033 Syr to despise
061 Syr to be diminished
091 JLAGal (zlzl) to treat lightly
092 JBA to despise
093 JBA to count the lowest price

LS2 196
J 386, 402

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

azall more or most vile, abject, or submissive; zalalat, zulalat (v.n. of Q), being abject, obsequious; baseness; zillat baseness of spirit; insult; (for Q) error; zalil abject, mean, contemptible, trifling /Persian [fjs]

All are loans from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

zú-z to pound, to crush /Hungarian

Sumerian

sì strike, damage, hurt, shake, demolish, raze, flatten, crush, blow; sig3,11 chopdown; ze cut, shear

Afro-Asiatic

czz to be(come) strong /Semitic Root [ahd]

cāzaz to be strong /Hebrew [ahd]

`zz, `z mighty /Phœnician [cgj]

Hurrian

zaš-e strength; zaš-gu- kill, strike dead, eradicate; zaš-ili powerful, strong, numerous; zaš-u- strengthen, increase /Hurrian [ryan]

Basque

zuzi-tu to destroy, undo, ruin; to stomp, squash; to tread underfoot

Dravidian

azâz torture /Brahui

Etruscan

zusle, zuśle, zusle-i, zusleva, zuśleva, zusleva-i, zusleve, zuśleve, zuśleve-ś
"offering, sacrificial victim (animal)" [gzb, mp68, pa]; originally "blow by enemy" [az 96]
zusuzai, zusatu "Strike, Find, Gather" [az96]

Indo-European

Germanic

sûsl (n.) torment /Old English [sc1]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian/Avestan

zizz coarse, rough /Pashto [tr]

zsák sack /Hungarian
zsák-mány loot, booty /Hungarian

Uralic

Mesopotamian origin.

Sumerian

zuh[ZÚ] to steal, rob [jh]

Altaic

yagma booty; loot /Turkish

Basque

zaku (C) bag

Indo-European/Italic

saque booty /Portuguese

Pocket

zseb pocket /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian zseb is supposed to be of Turkic origin. [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

jayb pocket /Arabic [pjh]

Niger-Congo (?)

jiboo (n) paddle, new mother, pocket /Mandinka [pc1]
jiba (n.) pocket /Wollof [pc2]

A loan from Arabic? Perhaps it's from Turkic? Maybe it's from Slavic?

Altaic/Turkic

cep pocket [Chong]; jib [pjh] /Turkish
jübi pocket /Turkmen [glnp]

îzeep pocket; (izäp Koybal, Kacha) /Khakas [kl]

Caucasian

jibe pocket /Georgian [pjh]

Dravidian

jeb pocket /Brahui

(0) Indo-European

Slavic

džep pocket; fob /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

jaib (in Persian pronounced jeb or jib), The opening at the neck and bosom (of a shirt, &c.); the breast-collar; the heart, bosom; a pocket /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

(1) Indo-European

Germanic [ep: 224]

fob /English

A fob is supposedly "a small waistband pocket in men' trousers apparently of Germanic origin; c.f. E Prussian"

fuppe a pocket/ E Prussian

Slavic

dvob pocket /Bulgar

zsiger guts, viscera; zsiger-el to disembowel /Hungarian

Uralic

The Hungarian word for "liver" is máj

Sumerian

šag 4, šà (n.), intestines; gut; heart; stomach; abdomen; entrails; content; womb; body; interior, midst, inside; bed of a river; will, volition; mood; meaning, significance; (prep.), in; at [jh]

Altaic/Turkic

jigar liver /Cuman [pbg]
karaciger liver /Turkish

içege intestine /Turkmen [glnp]
îçege entrails, intestines /Khakas; (it'ägä Kacha, Koybal dialects) (< CT *içekü) [kl]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*jiγąji intestine, gut (кишка) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN441]

*jiγji intestine, gut (кишка) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN513]

j?i'?i, PL. ji'γγit /Chukchee; jiγąj, jiwjiw /Koryak; jiγji-wwi (pl.) /Palan; jiwji, jiγ- /Alutor [ss]

*s'iγąz intestine, gut (кишка) /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN450]

šižin Pl. /West Itelmen; sąũzit, sužit Pl. /SIT [ss]

Indo-European

Italic

iěcur, iěcŏris and iŏcinĕris (n.) the liver; supposed seat of the passions /Latin

Slavic

džigerica liver /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian

jigar liver /Persian [pbg]

jigar the liver; the diaphragm; the heart; middle of anything; sadness, sorrow; pity, compassion, sympathy; expectation; power; measure /Persian [fjs]

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Last updated 23 June 2007