Magyar
Word List
ME-NY

List is approximately in English alphabetical order not Hungarian.

méh bee; méh-es, méh-kas apiary, beehive /Hungarian
méz honey; mézbór "mead" = méz "honey" + bór "wine" /Hungarian

Uralic

*mete honey /Proto FU [mw2]

mesi (Finnish); ma (Komi); med' (Mordvin); mu (Udmurt) [Chong]

[mw2] suggests that the PFU might be a loan from PIE *medhu-

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 377a #1> [oi4]

Cushitic

Agaw

miz mead /Lemant; maz mead /Bilin

Cushitic, East

mees mead /Afar; meez mead /Saho

Semitic

mes mead /Geez

Cognate Set <Bender (1988), #212> [oi4]

Omotic

Proto North Omotic b/ati, mets' bee

metsa mats'a bee /Chara; mets') /Gimira; boto /Janjero; mac#'- mats'- /Kafa; bati mati /Mao [oi4]

Proto North Ometo mats bee

Altaic

missō a honey-receptacle; a nectary; mitsu honey; nectar /Japanese

It was kindly pointed out to me by the editor of "The Jurchen language and Script Website" [jl] that (contains Japanese coding) mitsu (‚Ý‚Â,–¨). is a Chinese loan. [jl]

Caucasian

*mi>z|V sweet /North Caucasian [ss]

*mac.-ri-n sweet /Nakh [ss]

merza /Chechen; merza /Ingush; mac.ri /Batsbi [ss]

*mic.:a- sweet /Andian [ss]

mic.:a /Andi; mic.:a-da /Akhvakh; mis.a-b /Chamalal; mic:a-b /Tindi; mic.:a-b /Karata; mic.:a /Botlikh; mic.:a-b /Bagvalal; mic:a /Godoberi [ss]

*nucV A honey /Tsezian [ss]

nuci /Tsezi; nuce /Ginukh; nuca /Khvarshi; nucu /Inkhokvari; nuco /Bezhita; nucu /Gunzib [ss]

nac.u-s:a sweet /Lak [ss]

*muzi- sweet /Dargwa [ss]

muri-si /Akusha; mizi-ze /Chiragh [ss]

*?ic.:y- (/*mic.:y-) sweet /Lezghian [ss]

werc.i /Lezghi; ic:i /Tabasaran; it:e-f /Agul; id-dy /Rutul; ut:u-n /Tsakhur; ic. /Archi; muĉ:Ia /Udi [ss]

c.in sweet /Khinalug [ss]

Dravidian

mas phuki_ the smallest kind of bee; mas, mesi a kind of small bee; mes beehive; mes nayi honey /Gondi; miceri, miciri a species of bee /Kannad.a [sk]

Etruscan

math honey [lb]

(1) Indo-European

Reconstruction

*medhu- honey /PIE [cb, mw2]

Slavic

med honey; meden made with honey; sweet as honey /Serbo-Croatian

Tocharian

mit honey

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

macchia_ (Prakrit); me_cek bee (Pas'ai); machi fly, bee, dark spot (Ka_s'mi_ri_); makha, makhi fly, bee, swarm of bees (Sindhi_); ma_ks.ika pertaining to a bee (Ma_rkP.); honey (Sus'r.) [sk]

ma_chi_ bee; ma_khi_, makkhia, macchia honey (West Paha_r.i_); maci, macik sweet, good; maciana honey (Ashkun); maci, mac honey (Waigali_); maci_ (Kati); mat.ek (Pr.); machi_ (Shum.); ma_chi_ (Gawar-Bati); machi (Khowa_r); me~_ch (Bashkari_k); me_chi_ (Phalu_r.a); machi_ (Shina); ma_khi_ (S.L.); ma_chi_ (Hindi_); ma~_ch, dat. ma~_chas honey (Ka_s'mi_ri_); ma_ch (West Paha_r.i_); ma_s', mo_s. honey (Pas'ai) [sk]

(2) Indo-European

Germanic

mead wine flavoured with honey /English

Slavic

bermet wine flavoured with sugar, wormwood and spices /Serbo-Croatian

c.f. Hungarian mézbór "mead" = méz "honey" + bór "wine"

Quechua

mishqui sweet, tasty; mishquichuspi bee {"sweet" + " fly"} [q1]

Yuki

musen, músan, mú-šin anise, sweet [y84]

mek-eg to bleat /Hungarian

Uralic

mekeg to bleat /Hungarian

{onomatopoeic}

Dravidian

*me:-K- goat; to bleat /Dravidian [ss]

*me:- goat bleating (expr.) /South Dravidian [ss]

me:ke she-goat Kannad.a; me: the bleating of sheep or goats /Kannad.a [ss]

*me:k- goat /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: me:~ka; Dialect forms (1): me:ka [ss]

*me:g- goat /Kolami-Gadba [ss]

me:ke /Kolami; me:ke /Naikri; me:va, (S) me:ya "she-goat" /Parji; me:ge /Ollari; me:ge /Salur [ss]

*me:q- to call /North Dravidian [ss]

me:xna: (mi:xyas) "to call, call after loudly, hail" /Kurukh; me:qe "to bleat" /Malto [ss]

Indo-European

Reconstruction

*mek-? to bleat (onomatopoeic) [bd]

Albanian

mek to bleat, stammer /Albanian [bd]

Slavic

meket bleat, bleating; meketati to bleat /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

míkagh to mew /(Northern) Baluchi [mld]

mell breast /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian mell is of FU origin.

mälv bird's breast (Estonian); mälvi bird's breast (FiH); mälvi breast-flesh (of game, cattle) (Kr); mög@l (Khanty); meg@t (Southern Khanty); miel'gâ breast, chest (of animal; of the human chest, it is only used in certain expressions) (Lappish); mägl (Man's'i); mel (Mari); mälhkä (Mokša); myl: myl-az' the front side of the breast; the pit of the stomach, procardium (Udmurt - az' front side) // melu, melut (Yukaghir) [Chong]

Dravidian

mula woman's breast, teat; udder /Malayalam; mulai woman's breast, teat /Tamil; mel breast; mol id. (Kota); mis. nipple, teat, breast, udder; mil breast (Kota); mole female breast, dug of an animal /Kannad.a; mole breast (Kod.agu); mire breast, nipple or teat of any animal /Tulu (DEDR 4985). [sk]

Indo-European/Celtic

Gaelic meall a lump, hill, Irish meall, lump, knob, heap, Early Irish mell, Breton mell, joint, knot, knuckle, Gaulish Mello-dunum (?), now Melun: *mello-, from *melno-; Old Slavonic iz-molêti, just out, proturberate (Bez. with query); *ml@.so; cf. Greek @Gmélos, limb, part [mcb]

mellé, mellett beside, next to; mellék by; secondary /Hungarian

Dravidian

mala other, next, second (in compounds., e.g. mala-tande step-father, malacu_lu second pregnancy, second child) /Kannad.a; malu next, second /Telugu; mar.u another, other, next (Tamil, Malayalam, Kannad.a); mar id. (Kota) [sk]

Daughter-in-law, woman, wife, mother, sister, wet-nurse, married

meny daughter-in-law /Hungarian

Uralic

minnja daughter-in-law /Vaddja [fv]

miniä (Finnish); men' (Khanty); mon' the brother's wife; daughter-in-law (Komi); mânnje daughter-in-law; wife of one's brother or son or sister's son; a woman's or girl's sister-in-law; etc. (Lappish); min' (Man's'i); men': icˆi-men' young married woman; sister-in-law; etc. (icˆi little); ken-men' (ken = daughter-in-law; young woman) (Udmurt) [Chong]

nász wedding /Hungarian
woman; spouse [title Mrs.] /Hungarian
nő-s married (man); nős-ül to get married (man) /Hungarian
nőstény female /Hungarian
nő-vér sister /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian nász is archaic and literary. Officially, it is thought to be possibly of German origin. [Chong]

naisõa to get married (man) /Vaddja [fv]

Officially, Hungarian derives from FU.

*n'ingä (Proto FU) [Chong]

Caucasian

*nu>sA ( ~ -o>-) daughter-in-law /North Caucasian [ss]

*nus daughter-in-law, sister-in-law /Nakh [ss]

nus /Chechen; nus /Ingush; nus /Batsbi [ss]

*nusa 1 daughter-in-law 2 bride /Andian [ss]

nus 1 /Avar; nusa 2 /Andi; nuŝa 1 /Akhvakh; nusa 1 /Chamalal; nusa 1 /Tindi; nusa 1 /Karata; nusa 1 /Botlikh; nusa 1 /Bagvalal; nusa 1 /Godoberi [ss]

c.y-nas bride (lit. 'new-bride') /Khinalug [ss]

*n@sa ( ~ -ŝ-) 1 daughter-in-law 2 sister-in-law /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

n@sa 1 /Adyghe; n@sa 1 /Circassian; n@sa/-G| 2 /Ubykh [ss]

Yuki

noh- (?) marry1; muš- marry2 [y84]

néni aunt; néne aunt; elder sister (provincial) /Hungarian
anya mother /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian néni is related to the provincial néne "aunt"; "elder sister" which is considered a possible Lallwort [Chong]

nainen woman (Finnish) [Chong]
nain, nainõ woman /Vaddja [fv]

Sumerian

nin9 sister [jh]

Altaic

nine grandmother (Turkish); non younger sister (Manchu) [Chong]

Caucasian

*na":nV female breast; mother /North Caucasian [ss]

*na:na mother /Nakh [ss]

na:na /Chechen; nana /Ingush; nan /Batsbi [ss]

*nene female breast, teat /Tsezian [ss]

nene /Bezhita; nene /Gunzib [ss]

ninu mother /Lak [ss]

*n[a"]naj 1 female breast 2 mother /Lezghian [ss]

nana 1 /Tabasaran; nin, nenej 2 /Rutul; nana 2 /Udi [ss]

*nanV 1 mother, mummy (tend.) 2 old woman,granny (tend.) /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

nan 1 /Abkhaz; na:n 1 /Adyghe; na:na 2 /Circassian; na/n(a) 1 /Ubykh [ss]

Sino-Tibetan

*ne:jH, *no> elder female relative /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

*na elder female relative /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

mna-ma daughter-in-law. /Tibetan [ss]

k@na1 an elder sister /Kachin [ss]

*na", *na"na" elder sister /Kiranti [ss]

ne|?ne|?, -nne|? 1) elder sister, 2) elder female cousin through paternal uncle or maternal aunt, 3) elder sister of ego's spouse (wife's elder sister, husband's elder sister), 4) wife of ego's spouse's elder brother (wife's elder brother's wife, husband's elder brother's wife). [ss]

nana 1) elder sister 2) elder sister's husband's elder sister 3) elder brother's wife's elder sister 4) husband's elder sister 5) wife's elder sister 6) husband's elder brother's wife 7) wife's elder brother's wife. /Dumi [ss]

na 1. elder sister 2. husband's elder sister 3. wife's elder sister 4. wife's elder brother's wife /Kulung [ss]

Dravidian

an.n.u a woman (Kannad.a); annu id. (Telugu) (DEDR 132) [sk]

Etruscan

nene nurse, wet-nurse

Indo-European

Italic

nana older female relative; wet nurse /Spanish

Albanian

*na(n)na: mother /Proto Albanian [bd]

ne'ne' / nãne' mother /Albanian [bd]

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

nana:/ `mother' /Sanskrit [bd]

Potawatomi

ne'ni mother

menni to go /Hungarian

Uralic

*menä to go /Uralic [ryan]

männji to go /Ludian
mennä to go /Vaddja [fv]

Indo-European

Celtic

Gaelic meantairig venture; from English venturing. Welsh mentra [from mcb]

mér to measure, weigh, evaluate; mér-et a measure (-et deverbal suffix) /Hungarian

Uralic

*mere measure /Finnugor, Zürjen murtolni measure, Votjak mertal measure
Vogul mart, Ostjak mortal-

mér to measure, weigh, evaluate; mér-et a measure (-et deverbal suffix) /Hungarian

One expert thinks Hungarian mér is possibly of F-U origin. [Chong]

murtalny to measure, survey, weigh (out) (Sysola Komi); murta.vnys id. (Udora Komi); mertal- (Sarapul Udmurt) [Chong]

Another expert thinks it is of debated origin and it could instead be of Slavic origin. [Chong]

mar-ék handful /Hungarian
mar-ok the closed hand and palm, its capacity also /Hungarian

One expert says this is of FU origin.

*m8re (Proto Ugric) [Chong]

muur@s span (KnKonda - -s is a suffix); muurõs a kind of measurement unit (KnTremjugan - -s is a suffix) [Chong]

Another expert sees marék deriving from an earlier mar- which is the root of Ugric origin

már-t to ladle out, dip into, measure out a liquid? /Hungarian

Altaic/Tungus

malimbi to measure; malin a measure of weight /Manchu [as]

Indo-European

Slavic

mjera measure; rate; size; proportion; scale; degree; limit /Serbo-Croatian
mjeriti to measure; survey; weigh; contain; match /Serbo-Croatian
miera, meradlo measure /Slovak

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

mar measure, number; calculation, computation; a symbol or counter used by the natives of the East, to facilitate the adding up of large sums, and set against every hundred according to some, and according to others against every fifty; since, because, wholly, solely /Persian [fjs]

mér-eg poison; mér-g-es poisonous, angry /Hungarian
mor-og to grumble, be angry, mutter /Hungarian

Uralic

mirku poison /Lapp; myrkky poison /Finn
mörizeä to mutter, to mumble /Vaddja [fv]

Sumerian

muru, murub4 battle; me3,6,7,9 battle; mir, mer 2 anger, angry, storm [jh]

Altaic

murambi to growl, to roar, to yowl, to yelp to bellow, to low /Manchu [as]

*ma\ra (~-r/-) to refuse, quarrel /Altaic [ss]

*margu- to quarrel, resist, contest /Mongolian [ss]

marga- /Khalkha; marg|@- /Kalmuck; marGa:ndo 'quarrel' /Monguor [ss]

*mari- 1 to quarrel 2 to refuse, resist 3 be stubborn /Tungus [ss]

mara- 2 /Manchu; mari.a- 1,3 /Nanai; mori.qu. 3 /Ulcha [ss]

*ma:r- to refrain, shun, avoid /Korean [ss]

ma:r- /Middle Korean; mal- /Modern Korean [ss]

*ma\tua\p- to hesitate /Japanese [ss]

ma\t(w)o\p- Old Japanese; mado/- Tokyo [ss]

Basque

murruz-kari grumbler

Dravidian

*mur.- vexation; quarrel /Dravidian [ss]

*mur.-[i-] vexed, irritated, angry /South Dravidian [ss]

mur.i vexation; mur.ippu sadness, anger /Malayalam; mul. to be irritated, vexed, annoyed, become angry /Kannada [ss]

*mur.-@v- to become angry (e. g. Kurumba who consequently practises sorcery) /Nilgiri [ss]

muf- (mut-) Toda [ss]

*mud.- a quarrel /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: mud.i [ss]

mur-a lamentation, wailing (Malayalam); moyr complaint (Kota); mur.y complaint (Toda); morad. to weep (Kod.agu); mor-a, mor-r-a cry, scream, clamour; morayu to sound, resound (Telugu); muru muru a_ to grumble, complain (Kuwi) [sk]

mir.i- to speak, utter (Kond.a); mural to make sound, cry, sing; muralal sounding; muralvu soft sound as of a lute; muravam noise, reverberation, drum; murar-kai, murar-ci sound, song; murar-r-u to make sound, cry; mural.i flute; muracam, muracu drum, tabour, war drum; muravu, murut.u drum (Tamil); muraluka, murul.uka to hum, grunt, growl; muracu, murajam a small drum (Malayalam); moral. to hum, grunt, growl, howl; more to hum, murmur (Kannad.a); morad.- (morad.uv-, morat.-) to weep; more lamentation (Kod.agu); muresuni, moresuni to rumble, rattle (as thunder); more cry (Tulu); morayu to sound, resound; morayika, morapamu sound, noise (Telugu); moray- (morayt-) to produce musical sound (Bell, etc.)(Kolami); moray- to sound; morap- id.(Naikri) [sk]

mur- to growl(tiger), hoot (owl), murip- (murit-) to snore (Parji); muru inba to growl, grumble, mutter (Kui); mu_ru_-ki_ali to growl (Kuwi); murrna_ to thunder, esp. with repeated peals, utter threats, threaten (Kur.ux); mure to speak, say yes or no (Malt.o); marra_m shout, call, cry, fame (Brahui) [sk]

Knife, cutting, butcher

mészár-ol to butcher; massacre; mészár-os butcher /Hungarian
metsz to cut, carve, prune trees /Hungarian
met-él to cut off /Hungarian

Uralic

met-él to cut off /Hungarian

Hungarian met- is of unknown origin. [Chong]

metsz to cut, carve, prune trees /Hungarian

mészár-ol to butcher; massacre; mészár-os butcher /Hungarian

Apparently a loan from German!

Sumerian

mug chisel,carve, erode

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic (?)

m(s V /Aramaic [cal]

011 Syr to cut up 012 Syr to break 013 Syr to squeeze 014 Syr to move 015 Syr to pervert 016 Syr to destroy 017 Syr to devastate 041 Syr to be crushed 042 Syr to be troubled 043 Syr to be overthrown 021 Syr to squeeze 022 Syr to trouble 023 Syr to destroy 024 Syr to devastate 051 Syr to suffer stomach trouble

LS2 398

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 307 #4> [oi4]

Omotic

mac#'c#'- cut /Kafa

Cushitic

mac#'eh- pull out /Bilin
mud/h!- cut scrape /Somali

Semitic

*bd?` tear /Proto Semitic

mac#'@h!a pull out /Tigre

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 506 #> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

mid- uproot /Burji
mit- yank /Gidole
mid- mow, cut /Sidamo

Cognate Set <Fleming (1988) , #39> [oi4]

Omotic

mat? slaughter animal /Ari; mIt? /Dime

Ainu

meske to come off; mesu to tear off [sm]

Altaic

Tungus

meitembi to lop off /Manchu [as]

Japanese

mesu (knife) scalpel

Japanese mesu is seen as a loan from Dutch [source]

metsuretsu (-suru) be torn asunder, to go to pieces

It was kindly pointed out to me by the editor of "The Jurchen language and Script Website" [jl] that (contains Japanese coding) metsuretsu(‚߂‚ê‚Â,–Å—ô), is a Chinese loan. [jl]

Austric

motu to cut, to incise, to engrave. /Rapanui [anon]

moto blow, to strike a /Moriori [mor]

Basque

motz short; moz-tu to cut (C)

Caucasian

*mV>[c]V hunger /North Caucasian [ss]

*maci-n hungry /Nakh [ss]

meca /Chechen; meca /Ingush; maci /Batsbi [ss]

*makw|ac- ( ~ -o-) to be hungry /Andian [ss]

makw|ac^- /Akhvakh; makw|at- /Chamalal; makw|as- /Tindi; makw|as- /Karata; makw|as- /Godoberi [ss]

*mos:y- hungry /Lezghian [ss]

mys:y-n /Tsakhur; myz /Budukh; busa /Udi [ss]

Dravidian

mce to cut (as meat) /Malto; mo_cna_ to cut up into convenient pieces any object too large for use, give a cut in or through /Kur.ux; cf. moci to eat /Tamil [sk]

*muc- torn, spoilt; weak, tired /Dravidian [ss: DED 4903]

*muc-[i-] torn, crumpled; tired, torpid /South Dravidian [ss]

muci (-v-, -nt-) to be torn, be crumpled as a garment, be tired, feel discouraged /Tamil; mus·ikka to dirty; to trouble, vex /Malayalam; muccur_u to become torpid or stupified, lose consciousness, faint away, swoon, be troubled in mind /Kannada [ss]

*muc- to be spoiled, become weak or unsound, decay, decline, fail /Telugu [ss]

Basic form: musincu [ss]

Derivatives: Also mucciru to grieve, sorrow; mucciri one who is sorrowful; mucciritanamu perturbation, sorrow, grief [ss]

Etruscan

mutu "trunk, cut" [az96]

Indo-European

Germanic

messer to cut /German

also see Metzger butcher /German {from dictionary of postulated non-IE substrate vocabulary in the Germanic languages} [mc1] (? oh, might not be IE)

Slavic

mesar butcher; slaughterer /Serbo-Croatian
mäsiar butcher /Slovak
mesar, kasapin; ubiec, pala` butcher /Bulgar; myasnik /Russian

Yuki

mešak to divide [y84]

{/k/<>/m/}

kasza scythe; kés knife /Hungarian

Uralic

*keĉe /Finno-Ugrian [Chong]

köcˆ@h /Khanty; kecˆ@ /Southern Khanty; kaasii /Man's'i; k@z@, küzü /Mari [Chong]

kasza scythe; kés knife /Hungarian

Hungarian kasza is supposedly of Slavic origin, while kés is of FU origin. [see Chong]

Sumerian

gi...zé to cut reeds ('reeds' + 'to cut') [jh]
guz, huz to cut, trim, clip; castrate [jh]
ğeš, ğiš tool etc. [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

qes (unknown meaning) an epithet of iron /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

Semitic

qs.r harvest /Phœnician [cgj]
gzr to cut off, destroy /West Semitic Root [ahd]
h.śś to mow /Arabic Root [ahd]

Altaic

*k`ási to cut /Altaic [ss]

*kes- /Turc
*kasu-
/Mongol
*(x)asu-
/Tungus
*kàsk-
/Korean
*kí(n)sú
/Japanese [ss]; kusakari mowing/sickle, scythe /Japanese

Turkic

kas- cut /Chuvash; kisu to saw /Tatar; kes- cut /Turk, Uzbek; kesil- cut; interrupt, kill, stop; kIs- cut down; reduce; turn down /Turk [Chong]

Mongol

kitugu knife /Classical Mongol [Chong]

Tungus

kucˆe /Ewen; kes as if cut off by a knife; sharp /Manchu; koto /Modern Tungusic; kusig@ /Udeghe [Chong]

kuši knife /Manchu [as]

Caucasian

*k[i:]s/wV scythe (or a similar cutting tool) /North Caucasian [ss]

*ke:s(s) a stripe of mown corn or grass /Nakh [ss]

kes /Chechen; kes /Ingush [ss]

*kVŝ:V a device for cutting hay /Andian [ss]

kaŝu /Avar [ss]

*k[y]s:w|- / -ŝ:w|- 1 to mow 2 to shear, clip /Tsezian [ss]

kos- 1 /Tsezi; kus-u?- 2 /Bezhita; koŝ- 1 /Gunzib [ss]

*kis(a) fork /Lezghian [ss]

kis /Archi [ss]

Dravidian

gongor. keser sickle /Gondi. The second element keser may relate to the depiction of a curved 'neck'; xe_ser (xesr-) neck, shoulders /Kur.ux; qasru neck /Malto; and to the function ke_sal razor, ke_s to shave /Gadba; ke_c to shave/Parji; kaciya_ sickle /Nepa_li; ka_si id. /Nepa_li; ka_ci id. /Bengali; kacia_ big scythe /Or.iya_; kaciya_ toothed sickle /Biha_ri_; kaciya_ reaping-hook /Hindi_; kicca_ cutting /Prakrit; kacci_ sword /Kolami; kacci sword, iron sword /Gondi; iron blade (of spade) /Gondi; kacci sword /Kolami; sword; iron sword /Gondi; kacci, kac, kas iron; kacc iron, iron blade (of spade) /Gondi [sk]

Etruscan

ceisatru one who cuts, butchers [az96]
ceisu piece, cut (of meat) [az96]
< ceiz/cez- < *kaith- [az96]
caSni, cazni "sharp, cutting" [az96]

Indo-European

Italic

cuchillo 'knife' /Spanish

Albanian

*ka:r- /Proto Albanian [bd] < ? *Kes- to comb, shear, clip /PIE [bd]

korr to cut with a sicle, to harvest, reap /Albanian [bd]

Slavic

kosorú `sickle, scythe' ?? /South Slav [from bd]

[bd] suggests this may be a possible cognate of the Albanian

коса scythe /Russian
kosa scythe /Serbo-Croatian

Ulwa

kasar(ka) a. (kasasar(ka)) down-curved; turned or bent downwards; hooked downward like hawk's beak [ud]

c.f. the Dravidian keser "curved neck?"

Yuki

kuči(·), kučía, waikūtci knife1 {wai' ~ wa'i obsidian, quartz crystals used in blood-letting} [y84]

[y84] suggests kuči(·), kučía derives from the Spanish.

Place, field, pasturage; wetlands; swamp

mezö "outer fields, grasslands" /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian mezö is derived from a FU root

*mec'3- ~ *mes'3 (PUg) [Chong]

määš- clothe, dress (Mn'NK); mas- dress up (Mn'S); m&š- clothe, dress (Mn'T) Chong]

According to [fh] Hungarian mezö "outer fields, grasslands" comes from FU *mec'ä 'wetlands, pasture land', just as messze "far away"

*mec'ä wetlands, pasture land /FinnUgor
moec'ce pasture land, open country /Lapp
metsä forrest /Finnish, mestsa far /Estonian, miehc'se far /Lapp

Caucasian

*me>lz|/V place, ground /North Caucasian [ss: 1353]

*mott 1 bed 2 place /Nakh [ss: 513]

Chechen: mott 1; Ingush: mott 1; Batsbi: mott 1,2

*mo|ĉe A place; ground; field /Tsezian [ss: 596]

Tsezi: moĉi ; Ginukh: moĉi ; Bezhita: maĉe ; Gunzib: mo|ĉe

*mez place /Dargwa [ss: 465]

Akusha: mer

*ma"(l)ĉ.: ( ~ -a-,- ĉ.) place /Lezghian [ss: 863]

Archi: ma ĉ.

*miĉ.wV> ( ~ -c./-) meadow, hill slope /North Caucasian [ss: 2020]

*mVĉ.V meadow /Andian [ss: 1327]

Avar: meĉ.

maĉ. meadow (on a hill slope) /Lak [ss: 849]

*ĉ.w|im hill slope /Lezghian [ss: 1387]

Tsakhur: ĉ.um

mocsár swamp, marsh, sink /Hungarian

Uralic

*mec'ä wetlands, pasture land /FinnUgor
moec'ce pasture land, open country /Lapp
metsä forrest /Finnish, mestsa far /Estonian, miehc'se far /Lapp

Hungarian mocsár swamp, marsh, sink << FU *mec'ä wetlands, outer lands, border lands

mos+sár = wet/wash+mud

Altaic

*mu:\sV ( ~ -o:-, -i_o:-) swamp, pond /Altaic [ss]

*mu:sa pools in a swamp /Tungus [ss]

mu:su / mu:sa Evenki [ss]

*mo/s pond, lake, swamp /Korean [ss]

mo/s Middle Korean; mot Modern Korean [ss]

Indo-European/Slavic

močar swampy (boggy, marshy, fenny, quaggy) soil /Serbo-Croatian
močvara swamp, bog, morass, marsh /Serbo-Croatian
močiar swamp /Slovak

mi we /Hungarian

Uralic

*m8" (Proto FU) [Chong]

müü (prn.) we /Vaddja [fv]

Indo-European

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

ma we /Baluchi [mab]
pro. we, plural of man /(Northern) Baluchi [mld]

Yuki

mi· , me· we (inclusive agent) [y84]

mi, mit what? /Hungarian
miért why?; what for? /Hungarian
milyen what?; what kind/sort of ?/Hungarian
minek what for /Hungarian

Uralic

mi (prn.) what (inter.); mid (prn.) what (pl. inter.) /Vaddja [fv]
mihee (adv.) why /Vaddja [fv]
millin (prn.) what kind (inter.) /Vaddja [fv]
minee (adv.) what for /Vaddja [fv]

me (prn.) what /Erzya [fv]

Sumerian

àm who, which, what; (same) as, like (in scholarly lists). [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

m who, what /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Semitic

mз which, what, who (rel. pronouns) /Phœnician [cgj]

Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #117> [oi4]

Chadic

m@ni what? /Bata; mi-ge /Masa (Banana); midi /Gidar; mee, mii /Hausa; mira /Margi; ma /Musgu; ni /Ngamo; n@m /Tera; me /Angas; mini /Buduma

mint as, like, than /Hungarian

Uralic

ma¥nit like... (Man's'i) [Chong]
minta approximate (Nganasan) [Chong]

Officially, Hungarian mint is derived from mi "what". [Chong]

Sumerian

àm who, which, what; (same) as, like (in scholarly lists). [jh]

Altaic

Turkic

monand like... (Turkish, Uzbek) [Chong]

mondïx such, so, thus, like this /Khakas [kl]

Niger-Congo (?)

munta (adv) look, looklike /Mandinka [pc1]

Muskogean/Eastern (??)

mìnta 1. another, other, else, different one, another one; 2. to be different (from before), be otherwise, be another /Alabama [tm]

mirigy gland /Hungarian

Uralic

? mar, mor gnarl, especially in a birch; pustule (in the skin); mar@n es@m cartilaginous udder (Khanty)
? mor udder (Kamas); mar gland (N'en'ec') [Chong]

Hungarian mirigy is officially of unknown origin.

{/gy/ like a palatised /d'/}

Altaic

Turkic/Khakas

mir Sagay cf mirt lymph gland [kl]

moccan to move, stir; moccan-ás movement /Hungarian {Hungarian /c/ ≡ /tz/}
motosz-kál to fumble about; motoz to search /Hungarian
moz-og to move; mozdul to stir, move; mozgolód-ik to be moving, stirring about /Hungarian

Uralic

mozora- stir, etc. /En'ec', Baylkha; mod'oða- stir, be up and doing /En'ec', Hatanga. [Chong]

bozsog move, stir /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)

Origin of Hungarian moz- uncertain [see Chong]

Sumerian

ma move, vehicle, boat
mu year, name; mul star
ma depart, leave, im runner, boat
mu to grow, vehicle

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic (?)

m(s V /Aramaic [cal]

011 Syr to cut up 012 Syr to break 013 Syr to squeeze 014 Syr to move 015 Syr to pervert 016 Syr to destroy 017 Syr to devastate 041 Syr to be crushed 042 Syr to be troubled 043 Syr to be overthrown 021 Syr to squeeze 022 Syr to trouble 023 Syr to destroy 024 Syr to devastate 051 Syr to suffer stomach trouble

LS2 398

Altaic

*miaĉ`e to move, climb /Altaic [ss] {One of the common Altaic motion verbs} [ss]

*maĉa- to climb up, hurry /Mongol [ss]

maĉa- (maĉu-) /Written Mongolian; maca- /Khalkha; maĉu- /Ordos [ss]

*miĉi- to move, move back /Tungus [ss]

miĉi- /Evenki; mi.t-/ĉ- /Even; mi.ĉi.- /Nanai [ss]

*mi\ĉhy/- to reach, come to /Korean [ss]

miĉhi- /Modern Korean; mi\ĉhy/-, miĉh- /Middle Korean [ss]

Turkic/Turkmen

me∫gul busy; occupied; me∫gullanmak to be occupied (with); to be engaged (in) [glnp]

Dravidian

*mis- to move /Dravidian [ss]

*mis-uk- to move /South Dravidian

misuku to move, stir, quiver, throb, swing, etc.; n. moving, shaking, swinging /Kannad.a; miskuni to move, venture; interfere with, meddle /Tulu [ss]

*mis-uk- to move /Telugu [ss]

mut.ukku (mut.ukki-) to plough, set in motion, induce, urge on; n. urging, pressing hard, strength, power, stiffness of manners (Tamil)[mu_ri tavira mut.ukku mutuca_t.i : Paripa_.20,54)(Tamil.lex.); mut.uku to move quickly; n. a rapid movement in verse (Tamil); mut.ukkam high price, tightness (Tamil); mut.ukkuka to urge on, e.g. cattle (Malayalam); mur.g- (mur.gy-) to be screwed up (Kota); mud.(k) kiy to be persistent (Toda)(DEDR 4925). [sk]

mid.uku to move; n. moving (Kannad.a); to move, wander (Telugu)(DEDR 4852). [sk]

Austric

motiha dance (native) /Moriori [mor]
? mataara "look alive" /Mäori [ng]

Etruscan

muth, mutin to move; mutzi motion, movement, activity [az96]

Indo-European

Slavic

maći to move, set going; push, stir /Serbo-Croatian
maknuti to move, set in motion; push, stir /Serbo-Croatian
micati to move, stir, impel, propel /Serbo-Croatian
zmačknúť push /Slovak

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

masaq impulse, momentum /Persian [fjs]

masqat (v.n. of Q) falling; Mascat in Arabia; -- masqat, masqit, A place, especially where anything falls; [masqitu 'r-ras, A native country (where one falls at birth);] -- musqit, A dam which casts her young; who or what causes to fall, lowers, abases, debases; dishonouring, degrading. /Persian [fjs]

mas`, masa` (v.n.) walking awkwardly (a woman). /Persian [fjs]

All loans from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

mutz' mu'tz' 'a twitch, a jerk, a tic'
mutz' uut 'facial tic'
mutz' unak' uut 'twitching around the eyes'
ut umutz' 'one's tic'
mutz'i 'twitch, jerk, bat or blink the eyes' (cl.1)
mutz'i uut 'bat one's eyes, blink'
mutz'i in kohr uut 'wink one eye'
mutz'ur 'blinking, jerking'

möge, mögött behind; mögül from behind /Hungarian

Uralic

*müngä rear (Proto FU) [Chong]

Ainu

maka backwards [sm]

Sino-Tibetan

*no>k / *no>n| back /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

nog cervical vertebra; hump of a camel. /Tibetan [ss]

nauk space behind, LB *snukx; @hnaun|? the back of a knife, hnaun|h be after (in time), posterior. /Burmese [ss]

hnun| the back /Lushei [ss]

Caucasian

*=Vq_V behind /North Caucasian [ss]

*-Vq:(i) 1 behind 2 locative suffix /Andian [ss]

na/q:a 1, -q: 2 /Avar

The initial nasal in Avar (n- or m- in different dialects) is not quite clear etymologically. The original meaning of the morpheme ('behind') is preserved when it functions as an adverb; but as a locative suffix it had early (as early as Proto-Av.-And.) merged with another morpheme, PEC *-q._V (q.v.) and thus acquired a new meaning 'at, by, close to'. [ss]

*mo>GwV (~-a":-) back; body /North Caucasian [ss]

*miG|w|V(-l) back /Andian [ss]

muG| Avar; miG|ul Andi; muG|ul Karata; muG|ul Bagvalal; muG|ul Godoberi [ss]

*mo|G|:u (~-x|-) body /Tsezian [ss]

maG|o Bezhita; mo|G|u Gunzib [ss]

Dravidian

*magVd.- to turn /Dravidian [ss]

mugud.a to turn back (Tulu.lex.); magur..cu to cause the face to go or turn backwards; to turn away, to avert /Kannad.a; magacu, magucu, magur..cu, mogacu, mogucu to turn round; to return; to turn upside down (Kannad.a lex.) magud.u to turn round /Telugu; …… [sk]

Round things; nuts, peas, beans; eggs, testicles
and other unrelated items

mogyoró 'hazelnut' Corylus avellana /Hungarian

Uralic

For nearly 5,000 years the hazelnut has enjoyed royal status as the aristocratic nut of choice. The Hazeltree belongs to the Birch Family with greatest distribution (65%) along the Black Sea coast (Turkey) [source?]

Officially, mogyoró it seems is related to Hungarian mony 'egg, testicle, penis, stallion' which is archaic and provincial but still of FU origin. [Chong]

{/gy/ is a palatised /d'/}

Hungarian mazsolla 'sultana, raisin' ?

Seems to "fit" but apparently it is seen as being derived from the Italian name of a Greek Island of Monemvasia, as Napoli di Malvasia. [fh]

Indo-European (????)

Greek (?)

μάγουλο (magoulo) '(round) cheek' /Modern Greek

Albanian [bd: 216]

*me:/a:d|a: /Proto Albanian

modhe' [f] (tg) brome, darnel, lentil, bean, pea(s), wetch {2}

modhull(e') [f] (tg) {3} `brome, darnel, lentil, bean, pea(s), wetch'

Other IE cognates Sanskrit. ma:/s.a- `bean'; MPersian ma:s `wetch, legume'; Rumanian maza>re `lentil'

Notes: {1} `Wanderwort'. {2} Depending on the dialect. {3} Enlargement with -ulle'.

Italic/Rumance

mazăre pea(s) /Rumanian

Apparently Rumanian mazăre cannot be explained as a loan from Albanian modhullë [Georgiev]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

maju a lentil (probably misreading for Q q.v.) /Persian [fjs]

machak a lentil; mountainalmond; miju a lentil; pease; mizhu underwood-fuel in baths; a lentil; pease, pulse /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

mASa bean; a small weight of gold (also {mASaka} m. n.). /Sanskrit [iits2]

mos-oly a smile; mosoly-og to smile /Hungarian

Uralic

bazsalyog smile /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)

Hungarian mosoly origin uncertain. [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #58> [oi4]

Chadic

mas laugh /Gidar; muRmus#ii smile /Hausa; mbis laugh /Musgoi (dial. of Daba)
m@s@ laugh /Tera; mos laugh /Zumu (dial. of Bata)

Cognate Set <Bender (1988), #144> [oi4]

Omotic

Omotic protoform minc#' laugh

North Omotic

mic#'- laugh /Chara; mic#' mitsa laugh /Kafa; (wiints'- uun/ts'-) laugh /Mao

Proto North Ometo mic#'- laugh
Proto South Ometo mic#'- laugh

South Omotic

yine' laugh /Ari [oi4]

Altaic/Turkic

mes 1. gay, merry, cheerful 2. prosperous, affluent 3. well fed, fat, plump 4. fertile /Turkmen [glnp]
meslik 1. gaiety, cheerfulness 2. prosperity, affluence /Turkmen [glnp]

Dravidian

*muS- to smile /Dravidian [ss]

muck- to smile (Parji); mus mus kowwa_na_ to smile or half-laugh (Gondi); musi musi navvu a smile (Telugu); mus mus kavv- to smile (Gondi); mus mus in- id. (Pengo); musu/musuk inba to chuckle, grin, smile (Kui); muska_rna_, musmusurna_ to smile (Kur.ux)(DEDR 4904) [sk]

Yuki

muš-, moš- laugh [y84]

Work, create, labour

(a) work (literary); work (musical composition); work of art (b) artificial /Hungarian

Uralic

*meke task, work, labour; to make, work, create /Proto Uralic [alinei]

Etruscan

mu(nisuleθ), mu(nisvleθ), mu(nsle), mu(nistas) 'public works' > 'monument/historic building'

muncas tormented, painful /Old Hungarian (12th. Century) [gzb1]
munkás laborious, industrious < munka work /Modern Hungarian

Uralic

muncas tormented, painful /Old Hungarian (12th. Century) [gzb1]
munkás laborious, industrious < munka work /Modern Hungarian

Hungarian munka shows some semantic shift over the intervening 8 centuries and is officially seen as a loan from Slavic, never mind a possible Middle Eastern origin.

(1) Indo-European [rd: 935, 937]

*monHk- /Proto Indo-European reconstruction

(1) Slavic [rd: 935]

mo,ĉiti /Proto Slavic

Old Church Slavic: mo,ĉiti `torment, torture' [verb]; Russian: mu/ĉit' `torment, harass, worry' [verb]; Czech: muĉiti `torment, torture' [verb]; Slovak: muĉit' `torment, torture' [verb]; Polish: me,czyc/ `torment, torture' [verb]; Serbo-Croatian: mu\ \ĉiti `torment, worry' [verb]; Slovene: mu/ĉiti `torment, torture' [verb]; moĉiti `torment, torture' [verb]

Balto-Slavic

Lithuanian: ma/nkyti `knead' [verb]

(2) Slavic [rd: 937]

*mo,\ka /Proto Slavic

Old Church Slavic: mo,ka `torment, torture'; Russian: mu/ka `torment, torture'; Czech: muka `torment, torture'; Slovak: muka `torment, torture'; Polish: me,ka `torment, torture'; Serbo-Croatian: mu\ \ka `torment, torture'; Slovene: mo,/ka `torment, torture'; mu/ka `torment, torture'

(2) Indo-European

Germanic

Mühe trouble, bother /Modern German

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

munkasir broken; broken in spirit; fragile, frail; put to flight, routed (enemy); flaccid, pendulous (ear); -- munkasiru 'l-hal, In a distressed state; mankal, mankil whatever brings on a man punishment and chastisement;<-> minkal, Anything that inspires fear; <-> munkall, Blunted (sword); mankub afflicted, miserable; mankuz thrown, beaten, trodden on /Persian [fjs]

All loans from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

múl to fly to pass; to depend on; mul-t the past /Hungarian
mul-ik passing time, mul-at to celebrate < pass time /Hungarian

Uralic

*mule- /FinnUgor, muli passing time /Vogul, mol'ems/Mordvin, mollat /Lapp

Yuki

-mil past3 tense suffix; -mel' past4 "used to ...." [y84]

Reed, rush, shaft; arrow

nád reed, rush /Hungarian

Uralic

nyd (n) shaft /Udmurt [fv]

Officially Hungarian nád is of unknown origin. [Chong]

Loan from Iranic

Indo-European

Anatolian

na:tatta- reed /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

nadá reed, rush /Sanskrit

nyíl arrow /Hungarian

Uralic

*niðe (Proto FU) ; *n'olõ (Proto Ugric) [Chong]

nal arrow /Erzya [fv]
nuoli arrow /Finnish

Altaic/Tungus

niru arrow (military unit) /Manchu [as]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

nala reed /Sanskrit

nagy great, big, large, long, important /Hungarian
nog /Old Hungarian

Uralic

najer king /Ugric

Officially, Hungarian nagy is 'possibly' of F-U origin

? nat's' completely, totally (Izˆma Komi, Sysola Komi); nad'z' miserly, stingy (Sysola Komi)] [Chong]

Sumerian

nir prince; strength,force; nigu fattened

Afro-Asiatic

noq great, large; greater, older /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
nex fat, thick /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

Altaic

Tungus

? nuhu high place (Manchu) [Chong]

Japanese

nagai long; lengthy

Austric (?)

ngako (n.) fat /Mäori [ng, ua]

Basque

nagusi boss, chief; nagusi-tu to grow up (C)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*-nequ (~ -ń-) magnifying suffix (увеличительный суффикс) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN883]

-nequ , -ńequ /Koryak; -ńaqu /Alutor [ss]

Dravidian

na_ga any great or pre-eminent man, modaliga (Kannad.a,Skt.)(Tamil.lex.) na_ka-puram the ancient capital of Ca_vakam (Man.i. 24,169); na_kar a powerful scythian race having the serpent as their totem (Man.i. 16,15)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]

na_kuta_ < na_khuda_ (Persian) captain of a ship (W.)(Tamil)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]

na_yakkan- captain, soldier; headman; title of certain Telugu castes; title of certain Tamil castes as van-n-iyar, ve_t.ar, irul.ar; na_yakam headship, superiority (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 3,10,11); na_yakan- < na_yaka lord, master, chief (Kampara_. An:kata. 21); a person appointed to the headship of ten villages (Cukkirani_ti. 27); na_yan- master, lord (Tiruva_lava_. 54,36); na_yan-a_r title of certain castes as cain-ar, kaikko_l.ar, ut.aiyar and a section of ve_l.a_l.ar (Tamil.lex.)

na_yar a caste of Hindus in Malabar (Tamil); na_yan, na_yar the Su_dras of Ke_ral.a; soldiers of all castes (Malayalam); na'yamm a Na_yar man; fem. na'yarci (Kod.agu); na_yare, na_yima_re a Na_yar of Malabar (Tulu). nakka-p-par-aiyan- headman of the Paraiyas (G.Tp.D. I, 131)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]

Etruscan

*nac {genitive; nac(e)s} size; lofty, elevated [ajp]
nacna big; lofty, elevated [ajp]; next to, last [az96]
*nacnu big, lofty, to be elevated [ajp]

Indo-European

Slavic

nad above, over; upper, higher than; overhead; more than higher (superior) in rank /Serbo-Croatian; nadsadzovať exaggerate /Slovak

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

na_ya leader, chief /Sanskrit [sk]
na_ga any great or pre-eminent man, modaliga (Kannad.a,Sanskrit.) (Tamil.lex.) [sk]

Mayan

from [jd]

Meaning "big"
nucuc# large; nuc great, grand; noj /Laca; nojoc# big, grand; nucuc#; nojc#il bigness; nojoc# big, grand; nucuc# big, large /Yuca; nojoc# /Itza; nooc# /Mopa; nojta' /Chorti; nGoj, nGuc /Chol; no, noH, noc, noj /Chon

from [cw]

nox 'height, increase in size or age, importance' /Chorti

Stross' /x/ replaces Wisdom's /š/

nátha a cold; náthás sniffly /Hungarian

Uralic

*nata "mucus" /Uralic [ryan]

Officially, Hungarian nátha is thought to be of Slavic origin !! [see Chong]

négy four /Hungarian

Uralic

njeljä four /Karelian; ñelj four /Ludian; ñeljä four /Olonets [fv]

neljä (Finnish); n'@lä (Khanty); n'@t@ (Southern Khanty); n'ol' (Komi); njæl'ljeˆ (Lappish); n'ila, nil'æ (Man's'i); n@l, nõl (Mari); nile (Mordvin); n'il', n'ul', n'yl' (Udmurt) [Chong]

Tsalagi

`nv-`gi four /Cherokee (Tsalagi)

nehéz heavy, difficult,complex [nagy >neh-éz ??=big>heavy] /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian is of unknown origin. [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic

nh.з (be) hard, rough, dangerous /Egyptian [cgj]

Basque

nahas-tu to confuse; to mix,blend; to mess up

nemes noble, exalted /Hungarian

Sumerian

nam responsibility; office; governor [jh]
namešda top warrior, king (lit., 'the power of the mace') [jh]
nim prince; to be high; (adj.) high, early; (adv.) above [jh]
nun prince, noble, fine; (adj.) great, noble, fine [jh]

Dravidian & Indo-European

namasye reverence, respect, worship, adoration (Kannad.a,Sanskrit); nama_ju, nima_ju worship; divine service (Kannad.a, Mara_t.hi_, Hindi_)(Kannad.a.lex.) [sk]

nem sex; race; species; gender; nemz-e-ni to beget; generate nemzet nation, the people /Hungarian
nép people /Hungarian

Uralic

One official source says Hungarian nem is of FU origin. Another source lists no FU cognates . [Chong]

Hungarian nép is thought to be possibly a compound consisting of ~ "woman" + p(i) "boy" [Chong]

Yuki

nom' people2 [y84]

nemez 'felt' (the material) /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian nemez is seen as a loan from Iranian.

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian [ak1]

nawad 'felt' /E. Balochi dialect

Judging by Avestan nâmata 'brushwood' the Balochi word was borrowed from New Persian namad; also see Ossetian nymæt etc.

The Iranian word has been borrowed into many neighbouring languages, including Arabic and Hungarian according to [ak1]

név name /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian név is officially of FU origin

Finno-Ugric

l@m, lüm (Mari); nimi (Finnish); nem (Khanty); n'im (Komi, Udmurt)
nâmmâ (Lappish); näm (Man's'i); lem (Mordvin) [Chong]

Samoyedic

n'ii' (En'ec'); nim (Kamas, N'en'ec'); n'im (Nganasan); nem, nim (Šölqup) [Chong]

Yukaghir

neve, nim, niu (Yukaghir) [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Fleming (1988) , #88> [oi4]

Omotic

laam-i , naam-i , nam-i name /Ari
naab-i , naaf-u , nappo name /Dime
naab-i , nab-e name /Hamer

Altaic

nom (Uzbek) [Chong]

nevet laugh; nevet-tetés laugh; amusement /Hungarian

Uralic

One source claims a Finno-Ugrian origin for Hungarian nevet.
Another says it derives from an earlier neve- of Ugrian origin. [see Chong]

Dravidian

navvu to laugh, smile, joke, ridicule; n. laughter, smile, jest, joke, fun, ridicule, derision; navvincu to cause to laugh, excite mirth in, amuse (Telugu); nav- to laugh; nava jeri joke, joking; navip- (navit-) to cause to laugh (Parji) (DEDR 3569).[sk]

navil (navilv-, navin-r--) to say, tell, learn, utter, sound loudly, sing, perform (as a dance); navir-r-u (navir-r-i-) to say, utter, declare with authority; nuval (nuvalv-, nuvan-r--) to say, declare, utter; n. word, saying; nuvar-ci saying, utterance (Tamil); nw voice; song (Toda)(DEDR 3616). [sk]

Etruscan

nevtlane (one who) enjoys [az96]

Indo-European

na_va shout of joy or triumph (Vedic.lex.) [sk]

Watch, look, see;
Seer, haruspex

néz to look at smtg.; to watch /Hungarian

Uralic

nätšeä to see; to look; nätšijä (n.) witness /Vaddja [fv]
netez, neteződik to watch, look at smtg. /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)

nää to see /Vaddja [fv]
naz-ir "seers" of the old religion /Old Hungarian [hh96]
né-z to look at smtg.; to watch /Hungarian (-z is a frequentative suffix) [alinei]

Hungarian néz is officially of FU origin.

*näke- see; watch /Proto FU [Chong]

neili to watch /Vogul; niutaGe watch /Ostjak; naani /Votjak
nähdä
to see /Finn; nägema see /Estonian; niegâdit dream /Lapp

naa! interj here! /Vaddja [fv]
ni! nini! look!; lo!; behold! /Hungarian

Sumerian

nu image, likeness; máš look, inspect

Niger-Congo (?)

ñ (v) to see; ñaa (n) eye, etc /Mandinka [pc1]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

nau look, behold; sight, view, vision /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

Semitic

ns.r to watch /Phœnician [cgj]

ntr to see, watch, observe, guard./Semitic Root [ahd]

naşāru to guard, protect /Akkadian [ahd]
naz.ara to see, watch /Arabic [ahd]

nwTr N nwTr) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Syr custody; 2 Syr preservation; 3 Syr watching; 4 Syr conservation; 5 Syr observance

LS2 427

LS2 V: nuwTArA)
abs. voc: nuwTAr

nTr V /Aramaic [cal]

peal_1 passim to watch
__2 passim to keep, to observe
__3 BibArDan,Palestinian,Syr to retain in memory
__4 Syr to beware
__5 Syr,JBA to await
__6 Syr to notice
__7 Syr w. %dwkth% to assume another's duties
__8 Syr %)eblA)% to mourn
ethpeel_1 Syr,JBA to be watched
__2 Syr to be saved
pael_1 JBA,Palestinian,Syr to guard
__2 Palestinian to keep in memory
ethpaal_1 Syr to be saved
__2 JBA to be preserved
(h)afel_1 Syr to order to guard
__2 Syr to entrust
__3 Syr to reserve

LS2 426

@@rh N nTrt) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Mand safekeeping, watching
Mand: naTarta

nTrh N nTrt) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Syr,Mand safekeeping, watching
Mand: naTarta

Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #90> [oi4]

Chadic

ina see /Bole(wa); na see /Sura; na see /Tera
nan see /Mandara; na see /Zumu (dial. of Bata)

Cognate Set <Newman (1977) , #111> [oi4]

Chadic

*na see /Proto Chadic

na see /Bachama; naa see /Karekare
na see /Tera; nahau see /Warji

Altaic

Turkic

n@z@r- (Azeri); nazar look, glance; the evil eye; nezaret supervision (Turkish); nazar aspect, look (Uzbek) [Chong]

nazar look, glance; view, sight /Turkmen [glnp]

Japanese

nozoki a peep; nozoku to look

Austro-Asiatic

najari, nanjari blind of one eye (Mun.d.a_ri) (Mun.d.a_ri lex.) [sk]

Dravidian

nazar 1) sight; 2) sight of a gun; 3) evil eye /Brahui

ne_t.u (ne_t.i-) to seek, look out for, desire, consider, aim at (Tamil); nit.t.isu to look at, look at much, inquisitively or sternly, stare (Kannad.a) (DEDR 3766) [sk]

o_kku (no_kki-) to see, look at, behold, view, consider, reflect, regard, pay attention to, arrange, put in order, keep, protect, save, do, perform, resemble, compare, read, desire; n. eye, sight, look, beauty, meaning, intention, knowledgeness, greatness, mode, style; no_kkam eye, eyesight, look, gaze, glance, view, aspects of a planet, appearance, expression, cast of countenance, beauty, attractiveness, watch, design, object, intention, aim, sense, intelligence, attention, observa-tion, desire, indication, sign (Tamil); no_t.t.am examination of coins, assaying, scrutiny of gems, precious metals, etc., value, criticism as by a rival artist or workman, attempt at wit, endeavour to excel, hinder or baffle another in speech (Tamil); no_t.t.am viewing, examination, experienced eye, sharp sight, shroffage, fortune-telling; no_kkuka to look at, view, observe, look after, examine, be in a certain direction, seek, consider, regard, intend; no_kkam view, beauty, eye; no_kkal a look (Malayalam); no.t.- (no.c-) to look at, look for, examine, be looked at; no.t., no.t.m (obl. no.t.t-) a sight (Kota); no_kku look, watchfulness, sight, beauty (Malayalam); nwi.t. (nwi.t.y-) to look at; nwi.t. a sight (Toda); no_d.u to look, look on, look at, view, behold, look after, examine, consider, take care, see; no_d.uvike looking etc.; no_d.isu to cause to look; no_t.a looking at or on, viewing, behold, look after, examine, consider, take care, see; no_d.uvike looking etc.; no_d.isu to cause to look; no_t.a looking at or on, viewing, beholding, seeing, examination, a sight, spectacle, sight, the power of seeing, a look, appearance; no_t.aka a looker-on, spectator, eyewitness (Kannad.a); no.t.- (no.t.i-) to look at (Kod.agu); no_t.a sight, view, vision, aim; no_d.a_runi, no_d.a_vuni to point at, show; nu_t.a_vuni to show (Tulu)(DEDR 3794).[sk]

Etruscan

natis "wise, seer" [az96]

nethśra haruspicina; netśvis haruspex [lb]

(1) Indo-European

Slavic

nadzirati to supervise, oversee, inspect, control /Serbo-Croatian
nazočan present, attendant; witness; nazor opinion, view /Serbo-Croatian
názor opinion /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

nazar (v.n.), Looking at, beholding, seeing, gazing upon, viewing, turning the eyes or the mind towards, scanning; attending to; considering, pondering, weighing, measuring, rating, valuing, estimating; pride, selfesteem; sight, vision, view; look, glance; an oversight; doubt, uncertainty, perplexity /Persian [fjs]

nazur one who attentively looks at another he likes; one who is looked upon or revered above all others, a venerable or respectable man /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

n∂z∂r eyesight; the evil eye /Baluchi [mab]

Indo-Aryan

netra eye; (leader) /Sanskrit

Supposed to derive from root "lead, guide, conduct, carry (off)" /Sanskrit

(2) Indo-European

e:n "look there!" /Proto Indo-European [ryan]

, inj. behold, lo! /Old High German

(3) Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1

noos

(I). 1. mind, as employed in perceiving and thinking, sense, wit; 2. a. to have sense, be sensible, b. to have one's mind directed to something; 3. mind, more widely, as employed in feeling, deciding, etc., heart; 4. mind, resolve, purpose; 5. reason, intellect; (II). 1. act of mind, thought; 2. purpose, design; (III). sense, meaning of a word, etc.,

Etymology is apparently obscure.

Blackfoot (Algonquian)

in-i (vti) / in-o (vta), "see" [ryan]

Muskogean/Eastern

má! má! look out!, watch out, hey!, wait! there! /Alabama [tm]

Usage: To draw someone's attention to. [tm]

From or related to

ma 1. that way; that one (distal; previously mentioned) /Alabama [tm]

Yuki

nąw- see [y84]

nézésű 'appearing' /Hungarian

Uralic [alinei]

Hungarian nézésű
< nézés 'look' + adjectival/verbal suffix which ascribes the attribute of 'watching'
< né-z 'to look, watch' (-z is a frequentative suffix)

Etruscan [alinei]

sem(niśsi) '(looking, watching) eyes'

[alinei]'s interpretation is used to 'link' these words

szem 'eye' /Hungarian

Uralic [Chong]

Hungarian szem is seen as of FU origin.

*silmä (Proto Uralic)

silm (Estonian); silmä (Finnish); sem (Khanty); s'in (Komi); ĉâl'bme (Lapp); säm, šäm (Man's'i); šin'dz'a (Eastern Mari - derivative); sinzä (Western Mari - derivative); sel'me (Md) / s'im, s'in (Udmurt)

sej, þej (En'ec'); sajma, sima (Kamas); häem, säew, sew (N'en'ec'); s'ajme, s'&jme (Nganasan); hæj, sajï, sæjj@, sej (Šölqup)

Sumerian [Chong]

sim to see through, etc.

Altaic [Chong]

Turkic

synĉla- observe (Kuman); sana- observe (Tatar)

Mongol

sube eye of a needle (Classical Mongol)

Tungus

sen eye of a needle (Manchu)

Etruscan [alinei]

sem(niśsi) '(seeing) eyes'

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

čam(m) 'eye' /Baluchi [ak1]
č∂mm eye /Baluchi [mab]
chham the eye. P. chashm /N. Baluchi [mld]

nyak neck {/ny/ palatised /n/} /Hungarian
nyal to lick; nyál saliva /Hungarian
nyel to swallow; nyelv tongue /Hungarian

Uralic

*njaka neck /Uralic [ryan]

Hungarian nyak is thought to be possibly of FU origin by one official source. [Chong]
Another source says nyak is of unknown origin. [Chong]

nolams to lick /Erzya [fv]
nuole- lick /Finnish [Chong]
nolki mucus, slaver, slime /Finnish [Chong]

*n'ele- to swallow (Proto FU) [Chong]

njilems to swallow /Erzya [fv]
niele- swallow /Finnish

*n'älmä tongue (Proto FU) [Chong]

Hungarian nyelv is officially of FU origin.

Altaic

*näk`e neck, vertebrae /Altaic [ss]

*jaka /Turc
*nigur-su /Mongol
*nikimna /Tungus [ss]

Dravidian

*nol.- to swallow /Dravidian [ss]

*nol.- South Dravidian
*noll- Telugu
*noL- Kolami-Gadba
*nul-q- North Dravidian

nol. (nol.v-, non.t.-) to swallow, devour (Tamil); nun.a smack, slaver, greediness; nun.ayuka to eat greedily; nun.accal smacking the lips, greedines; nun.ayan voracious; fem. nun.acci; nun.ekka to smack the lips, have a ravenous appetite (Malayalam); non.e to swallow (Kannad.a); nollu (children) to suck fingers (Telugu); nolayeng to swallow (Kolami); ro_pa_na_, lo_p- to swallow, gulp down (Gondi); nulxna_ to swallow without chewing, gulp hastily (Kur.ux)(DEDR 3791). [sk]

*djol- saliva; *nav[-lVk-] tongue /Dravidian [ss]

*nālVk- /Telugu [ss]

o_l.a saliva; no_l.a slaver; glutinous fluid in the fish, fruit, snails, etc. /Malayalam; we.l. saliva /Toda; lo_l.a, lo_l.i, lo_l.u, lo_l.e, logad.i, lodad.i, lodal.i, lod.al.e, lodle, lo_yi saliva, slaver, tenacious mucus, phlegm; no_l.i sticky (juice)/Kannad.a; no_n.e saliva, spittle /Tulu; o_li anything sticky, gummy, glutinous, viscous; saliva; udale saliva, spittle /Tulu; noccil.l.u saliva, spittle /Telugu. [sk]

nejela spittle, food or drink which has come in contact with the mouth and is regarded as impure /Kannad.a [sk]

mak neck (Kolami); makk id. (Naikri) (DEDR 4622).[sk]

Muskogean/Eastern

nokbi neck; voice /Alabama [tm]

nyár summer /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian nyár is also of debated origin. [Chong]

Altaic

*nia:/r/[a] young; spring, summer /Altaic [ss]

*ja:r/ spring /Turkic [ss]

jaz /Old Turkic; jaz /Tatar; ja:z /Turkmen; s/ur /Chuvash; sa:s /Yakut [ss]

*nirai new-born /Mongolian [ss]

n/araj /Khalkha; nira:, nira": /Kalmuck [ss]

*n/ar-gu- 1 new, fresh 2 young willow /Tungus [ss]

n/arxu-n 1 /Manzhu; n/argi. 2 /Nanai [ss]

*nj@\ry/-m summer /Korean [ss]

j@rym /Modern Korean; nj@\ry/m /Middle Korean [ss]

*na/tu\ summer /Japanese [ss]

natu /Old Japanese; natsu/ /Tokyo [ss]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

nau-roz New-year's day (according to the Persian calendar being that on which the sun enters Aries); -- nau-rozi buzurg (khassa), (great or special new year's day) The sixth day after the vernal equinox /Persian [fjs]

The first day of Spring! Nau-roz or No Ruz or Now Ruz is a celebration of Life.

nyar-gal to gallop, rush, race; nyer-eg saddle /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian nyargal is possibly derived from jár- "travel", "walk", etc. [Chong]

Altaic

nori riding; a ride; norite rider; nori-nikui to ride hard /Japanese
nori-konasu to manage (a horse); nori-uma a saddle-horse /Japanese
noru to ride /Japanese

nyes to prune, trim, cut off /Hungarian
nyir to shave, trim off hair, fur, etc /Hungarian
{Hungarian /ny/ = palatised /n/ similar to Basque or Spanish /ñ/}

Uralic

n'et't'a cut off /Ostjak; n'ets'ni cut?clear off (grass or hair) /Zürjen

Afro-Asiatic

nšr cutter /Phœnician [cgj]

Dravidian

nar-ukku piece cut off; nar-ukku-tal to cut off (Pu. Ve. 3,10, Urai.)(Tamil.lex.) nar-ukku (nar-ukki-) to cut off, mince, chop, smash; n. a piece cut off (Tamil); nar-ukkuka to cut off, clip, cut in pieces as paper; nar-ukku a bit of palm-leaf (Tamil); nar-aku, nar-uku, narku to cut, hew, fell, sever, chop; n. a cut, wound; nar-akud.u, nar-ukud.u cutting, a cut (Telugu); narka_na_ to cut (but not of meat nor of crops, but generally of wood); narkana_, nar.ka_na_ to cut; nark- to cut (wood); narka_na_ to chop; nar.k- to cut with axe; nar.k- to cut (firewood); nark- to cut (fuel)Gondi); naRk- to chop, cut (Kond.a) [sk]

Indo-European/Slavic

nož knife, pocket-knife, penknife; coulter, ploughshare /Serbo-Croatian
nôž knife /Slovak

nyir-(k)-os {-os = adj. suffix} wet, damp, dank, muggy /Hungarian

Uralic

*n'ore wetland /Uralic

Sumerian

Nar-im pool, pond. {N=ng.}

Afro-Asiatic

*nah(a)r- river /Common Semitic [ahd]

nahr river /Arabic [ahd]

Altaic

*niu/r/e to become wet, soak /Altaic [ss]

*ju"r/- 1 to swim 2 to float 3 to walk in water /Turkic [ss]

ju"z- 1 /Old Turkic; ju"z- 1 /Turkish; jo"z- 1 /Tatar; u"z- 1 /Azeri; ju"z- 1 /Turkmen [ss]

*nor- to soak, be wet /Mongolian [ss]

nur- (IM) /Middle Mongolian; nor- /Khalkha; nor- /Kalmuck; noir-, noirga:- /Dagur; no:ri- /Monguor [ss]

*n/[u"]r- 1 to swim (of animals) 2 shallow place /Tungus [ss]

n/ere- 1 /Manchu; n/i.rgi. 2 /Even [ss]

*nu/ra/- to get wet /Japanese [ss]

nu/ra- /Old Japanese; nu\re- /Tokyo [ss]

nurasu to wet; moisten; dampen; nureru to get (be) wet /Japanese

nari swamp /Manchu [as]

Etruscan

neri water [lb]

Dravidian

*n'ir water /Dravidian

ni_r water, sea, juice, liquor (Tamil); ni_ru water (Kannad.a, Tulu, Telugu.); di_r id., flood-water, juice (Brahui)(DEDR 3690-a) [sk]

Indo-European

Greek

nêron, to, or nêros, ho, water /Classical Greek [lsj1]

cf. Modern Greek nero

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

ni_ra water; ni_vara water, marsh /Sanskrit < Dravidian [sk]

nyög to groan; mutter /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

*nhk. to bray (of donkey) /Protoform [ss]

nâk.u (nua:k.u) 'to cry, to groan' /Akkadian [ss]

Sino-Tibetan

*n|u:k grunt /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

n|ug-pa (Ts) to grunt, to snore. /Tibetan
n|u:k to grunt. /Lushei [ss]

*n|ok weep /Kirami [ss]

n|a:k-ca /Sunwar
'n|ona" ('n|on|o|) cry, weep, n|okpa" (CSDP) weeping /Kaling
n|okny /Dumi [ss]

Back
Home
Main page

Additions by Fred Hámori in red.

Copyright © 2000-2008

The content of this list remains the property of the respective sources in [] brackets. The author can only lay claim to the time and effort that has been invested in its compilation.

Last updated 3 June 2008