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Magyar
List is approximately in English alphabetical order not Hungarian.
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méh
bee; méh-es, méh-kas apiary, beehive /HungarianUralic
*mete honey /Proto FU [mw2]
mesi (Finnish); ma (Komi); med' (Mordvin); mu (Udmurt) [Chong]
[mw2] suggests that the PFU might be a loan from PIE *medhu-
Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 377a #1> [oi4]
Cushitic
Agaw
miz mead /Lemant; maz mead /Bilin
Cushitic, East
mees mead /Afar; meez mead /Saho
Semitic
mes mead /Geez
Cognate Set <Bender (1988), #212> [oi4]
Omotic
Proto North Omotic b/ati, mets' bee
metsa mats'a bee /Chara; mets') /Gimira; boto /Janjero; mac#'- mats'- /Kafa; bati mati /Mao [oi4]
Proto North Ometo mats bee
Altaic
missō
a honey-receptacle; a nectary; mitsu honey; nectar /JapaneseIt was kindly pointed out to me by the editor of "The Jurchen language and Script Website" [jl] that (contains Japanese coding) mitsu (‚Ý‚Â,–¨). is a Chinese loan. [jl]
Caucasian
*mi>z|V sweet /North Caucasian [ss]
*mac.-ri-n sweet /Nakh [ss]
merza /Chechen; merza /Ingush; mac.ri /Batsbi [ss]
*mic.:a- sweet /Andian [ss]
mic.:a /Andi; mic.:a-da /Akhvakh; mis.a-b /Chamalal; mic:a-b /Tindi; mic.:a-b /Karata; mic.:a /Botlikh; mic.:a-b /Bagvalal; mic:a /Godoberi [ss]
*nucV A honey /Tsezian [ss]
nuci /Tsezi; nuce /Ginukh; nuca /Khvarshi; nucu /Inkhokvari; nuco /Bezhita; nucu /Gunzib [ss]
nac.u-s:a sweet /Lak [ss]
*muzi- sweet /Dargwa [ss]
muri-si /Akusha; mizi-ze /Chiragh [ss]
*?ic.:y- (/*mic.:y-) sweet /Lezghian [ss]
werc.i /Lezghi; ic:i /Tabasaran; it:e-f /Agul; id-dy /Rutul; ut:u-n /Tsakhur; ic. /Archi; muĉ:Ia /Udi [ss]
c.in sweet /Khinalug [ss]
Dravidian
mas phuki_ the smallest kind of bee; mas, mesi a kind of small bee; mes beehive; mes nayi honey /Gondi; miceri, miciri a species of bee /Kannad.a [sk]
Etruscan
math honey [lb]
(1) Indo-European
Reconstruction
*medhu- honey /PIE [cb, mw2]
Slavic
med honey; meden made with honey; sweet as honey /Serbo-Croatian
Tocharian
mit honey
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
macchia_ (Prakrit); me_cek bee (Pas'ai); machi fly, bee, dark spot (Ka_s'mi_ri_); makha, makhi fly, bee, swarm of bees (Sindhi_); ma_ks.ika pertaining to a bee (Ma_rkP.); honey (Sus'r.) [sk]
ma_chi_ bee; ma_khi_, makkhia, macchia honey (West Paha_r.i_); maci, macik sweet, good; maciana honey (Ashkun); maci, mac honey (Waigali_); maci_ (Kati); mat.ek (Pr.); machi_ (Shum.); ma_chi_ (Gawar-Bati); machi (Khowa_r); me~_ch (Bashkari_k); me_chi_ (Phalu_r.a); machi_ (Shina); ma_khi_ (S.L.); ma_chi_ (Hindi_); ma~_ch, dat. ma~_chas honey (Ka_s'mi_ri_); ma_ch (West Paha_r.i_); ma_s', mo_s. honey (Pas'ai) [sk]
(2) Indo-European
Germanic
mead wine flavoured with honey /English
Slavic
bermet wine flavoured with sugar, wormwood and spices /Serbo-Croatian
c.f. Hungarian mézbór "mead" = méz "honey" + bór "wine"
Quechua
mishqui sweet, tasty; mishquichuspi bee {"sweet" + " fly"} [q1]
Yuki
musen, músan, mú-šin anise, sweet [y84]
mek-eg
to bleat /HungarianUralic
mekeg to bleat /Hungarian
{onomatopoeic}
Dravidian
*me:-K- goat; to bleat /Dravidian [ss]
*me:- goat bleating (expr.) /South Dravidian [ss]
me:ke she-goat Kannad.a; me: the bleating of sheep or goats /Kannad.a [ss]
*me:k- goat /Telugu [ss]
Basic form: me:~ka; Dialect forms (1): me:ka [ss]
*me:g- goat /Kolami-Gadba [ss]
me:ke /Kolami; me:ke /Naikri; me:va, (S) me:ya "she-goat" /Parji; me:ge /Ollari; me:ge /Salur [ss]
*me:q- to call /North Dravidian [ss]
me:xna: (mi:xyas) "to call, call after loudly, hail" /Kurukh; me:qe "to bleat" /Malto [ss]
Indo-European
Reconstruction
*mek-? to bleat (onomatopoeic) [bd]
Albanian
mek to bleat, stammer /Albanian [bd]
Slavic
meket bleat, bleating; meketati to bleat /Serbo-Croatian
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
míkagh to mew /(Northern) Baluchi [mld]
mell
breast /HungarianUralic
Officially, Hungarian mell is of FU origin.
mälv bird's breast (Estonian); mälvi bird's breast (FiH); mälvi breast-flesh (of game, cattle) (Kr); mög@l (Khanty); meg@t (Southern Khanty); miel'gâ breast, chest (of animal; of the human chest, it is only used in certain expressions) (Lappish); mägl (Man's'i); mel (Mari); mälhkä (Mokša); myl: myl-az' the front side of the breast; the pit of the stomach, procardium (Udmurt - az' front side) // melu, melut (Yukaghir) [Chong]
Dravidian
mula woman's breast, teat; udder /Malayalam; mulai woman's breast, teat /Tamil; mel breast; mol id. (Kota); mis. nipple, teat, breast, udder; mil breast (Kota); mole female breast, dug of an animal /Kannad.a; mole breast (Kod.agu); mire breast, nipple or teat of any animal /Tulu (DEDR 4985). [sk]
Indo-European/Celtic
Gaelic meall a lump, hill, Irish meall, lump, knob, heap, Early Irish mell, Breton mell, joint, knot, knuckle, Gaulish Mello-dunum (?), now Melun: *mello-, from *melno-; Old Slavonic iz-molêti, just out, proturberate (Bez. with query); *ml@.so; cf. Greek @Gmélos, limb, part [mcb]
mellé, mellett
beside, next to; mellék by; secondary /HungarianDravidian
mala other, next, second (in compounds., e.g. mala-tande step-father, malacu_lu second pregnancy, second child) /Kannad.a; malu next, second /Telugu; mar.u another, other, next (Tamil, Malayalam, Kannad.a); mar id. (Kota) [sk]
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Daughter-in-law, woman, wife, mother, sister, wet-nurse, married
meny
daughter-in-law /HungarianUralic
minnja daughter-in-law /Vaddja [fv]
miniä (Finnish); men' (Khanty); mon' the brother's wife; daughter-in-law (Komi); mânnje daughter-in-law; wife of one's brother or son or sister's son; a woman's or girl's sister-in-law; etc. (Lappish); min' (Man's'i); men': icˆi-men' young married woman; sister-in-law; etc. (icˆi little); ken-men' (ken = daughter-in-law; young woman) (Udmurt) [Chong]
nász
wedding /HungarianUralic
Hungarian nász is archaic and literary. Officially, it is thought to be possibly of German origin. [Chong]
naisõa to get married (man) /Vaddja [fv]
Officially, Hungarian nő derives from FU.
*n'ingä (Proto FU) [Chong]
Caucasian
*nu>sA ( ~ -o>-) daughter-in-law /North Caucasian [ss]
*nus daughter-in-law, sister-in-law /Nakh [ss]
nus /Chechen; nus /Ingush; nus /Batsbi [ss]
*nusa 1 daughter-in-law 2 bride /Andian [ss]
nus 1 /Avar; nusa 2 /Andi; nuŝa 1 /Akhvakh; nusa 1 /Chamalal; nusa 1 /Tindi; nusa 1 /Karata; nusa 1 /Botlikh; nusa 1 /Bagvalal; nusa 1 /Godoberi [ss]
c.y-nas bride (lit. 'new-bride') /Khinalug [ss]
*n@sa ( ~ -ŝ-) 1 daughter-in-law 2 sister-in-law /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
n@sa 1 /Adyghe; n@sa 1 /Circassian; n@sa/-G| 2 /Ubykh [ss]
Yuki
noh- (?) marry1; muš- marry2 [y84]
néni
aunt; néne aunt; elder sister (provincial) /HungarianUralic
Officially, Hungarian néni is related to the provincial néne "aunt"; "elder sister" which is considered a possible Lallwort [Chong]
nainen woman (Finnish) [Chong]
nain, nainõ woman /Vaddja [fv]
Sumerian
nin9 sister [jh]
Altaic
nine grandmother (Turkish); non younger sister (Manchu) [Chong]
Caucasian
*na":nV female breast; mother /North Caucasian [ss]
*na:na mother /Nakh [ss]
na:na /Chechen; nana /Ingush; nan /Batsbi [ss]
*nene female breast, teat /Tsezian [ss]
nene /Bezhita; nene /Gunzib [ss]
ninu mother /Lak [ss]
*n[a"]naj 1 female breast 2 mother /Lezghian [ss]
nana 1 /Tabasaran; nin, nenej 2 /Rutul; nana 2 /Udi [ss]
*nanV 1 mother, mummy (tend.) 2 old woman,granny (tend.) /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
nan 1 /Abkhaz; na:n 1 /Adyghe; na:na 2 /Circassian; na/n(a) 1 /Ubykh [ss]
Sino-Tibetan
*ne:jH, *no> elder female relative /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
*na elder female relative /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
mna-ma daughter-in-law. /Tibetan [ss]
k@na1 an elder sister /Kachin [ss]
*na", *na"na" elder sister /Kiranti [ss]
ne|?ne|?, -nne|? 1) elder sister, 2) elder female cousin through paternal uncle or maternal aunt, 3) elder sister of ego's spouse (wife's elder sister, husband's elder sister), 4) wife of ego's spouse's elder brother (wife's elder brother's wife, husband's elder brother's wife). [ss]
nana 1) elder sister 2) elder sister's husband's elder sister 3) elder brother's wife's elder sister 4) husband's elder sister 5) wife's elder sister 6) husband's elder brother's wife 7) wife's elder brother's wife. /Dumi [ss]
na 1. elder sister 2. husband's elder sister 3. wife's elder sister 4. wife's elder brother's wife /Kulung [ss]
Dravidian
an.n.u a woman (Kannad.a); annu id. (Telugu) (DEDR 132) [sk]
Etruscan
nene nurse, wet-nurse
Indo-European
Italic
nana older female relative; wet nurse /Spanish
Albanian
*na(n)na: mother /Proto Albanian [bd]
ne'ne' / nãne' mother /Albanian [bd]
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
nana:/ `mother' /Sanskrit [bd]
Potawatomi
ne'ni
mother![]()
menni
to go /HungarianUralic
*menä to go /Uralic [ryan]
männji to go /Ludian
mennä to go /Vaddja [fv]
Indo-European
Celtic
Gaelic meantairig venture; from English venturing. Welsh mentra [from mcb]
mér
to measure, weigh, evaluate; mér-et a measure (-et deverbal suffix) /HungarianUralic
*mere
measure /Finnugor, Zürjen murtolni measure, Votjak mertal measuremér to measure, weigh, evaluate; mér-et a measure (-et deverbal suffix) /Hungarian
One expert thinks Hungarian mér is possibly of F-U origin. [Chong]
murtalny to measure, survey, weigh (out) (Sysola Komi); murta.vnys id. (Udora Komi); mertal- (Sarapul Udmurt) [Chong]
Another expert thinks it is of debated origin and it could instead be of Slavic origin. [Chong]
mar-ék handful /Hungarian
mar-ok the closed hand and palm, its capacity also /Hungarian
One expert says this is of FU origin.
*m8re (Proto Ugric) [Chong]
muur@s span (KnKonda - -s is a suffix); muurõs a kind of measurement unit (KnTremjugan - -s is a suffix) [Chong]
Another expert sees marék deriving from an earlier mar- which is the root of Ugric origin
már-t
to ladle out, dip into, measure out a liquid? /HungarianAltaic/Tungus
malimbi to measure; malin a measure of weight /Manchu [as]
Indo-European
Slavic
mjera measure; rate; size; proportion; scale; degree; limit /Serbo-Croatian
mjeriti to measure; survey; weigh; contain; match /Serbo-Croatian
miera, meradlo measure /Slovak
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
mar measure, number; calculation, computation; a symbol or counter used by the natives of the East, to facilitate the adding up of large sums, and set against every hundred according to some, and according to others against every fifty; since, because, wholly, solely /Persian [fjs]
mér-eg
poison; mér-g-es poisonous, angry /HungarianUralic
mirku
poison /Lapp; myrkky poison /FinnSumerian
muru, murub4
battle; me3,6,7,9 battle; mir, mer 2 anger, angry, storm [jh]Altaic
murambi to growl, to roar, to yowl, to yelp to bellow, to low /Manchu [as]
*ma\ra (~-r/-) to refuse, quarrel /Altaic [ss]
*margu- to quarrel, resist, contest /Mongolian [ss]
marga- /Khalkha; marg|@- /Kalmuck; marGa:ndo 'quarrel' /Monguor [ss]
*mari- 1 to quarrel 2 to refuse, resist 3 be stubborn /Tungus [ss]
mara- 2 /Manchu; mari.a- 1,3 /Nanai; mori.qu. 3 /Ulcha [ss]
*ma:r- to refrain, shun, avoid /Korean [ss]
ma:r- /Middle Korean; mal- /Modern Korean [ss]
*ma\tua\p- to hesitate /Japanese [ss]
ma\t(w)o\p- Old Japanese; mado/- Tokyo [ss]
Basque
murruz-kari grumbler
Dravidian
*mur.- vexation; quarrel /Dravidian [ss]
*mur.-[i-] vexed, irritated, angry /South Dravidian [ss]
mur.i vexation; mur.ippu sadness, anger /Malayalam; mul. to be irritated, vexed, annoyed, become angry /Kannada [ss]
*mur.-@v- to become angry (e. g. Kurumba who consequently practises sorcery) /Nilgiri [ss]
muf- (mut-) Toda [ss]
*mud.- a quarrel /Telugu [ss]
Basic form: mud.i [ss]
mur-a lamentation, wailing (Malayalam); moyr complaint (Kota); mur.y complaint (Toda); morad. to weep (Kod.agu); mor-a, mor-r-a cry, scream, clamour; morayu to sound, resound (Telugu); muru muru a_ to grumble, complain (Kuwi) [sk]
mir.i- to speak, utter (Kond.a); mural to make sound, cry, sing; muralal sounding; muralvu soft sound as of a lute; muravam noise, reverberation, drum; murar-kai, murar-ci sound, song; murar-r-u to make sound, cry; mural.i flute; muracam, muracu drum, tabour, war drum; muravu, murut.u drum (Tamil); muraluka, murul.uka to hum, grunt, growl; muracu, murajam a small drum (Malayalam); moral. to hum, grunt, growl, howl; more to hum, murmur (Kannad.a); morad.- (morad.uv-, morat.-) to weep; more lamentation (Kod.agu); muresuni, moresuni to rumble, rattle (as thunder); more cry (Tulu); morayu to sound, resound; morayika, morapamu sound, noise (Telugu); moray- (morayt-) to produce musical sound (Bell, etc.)(Kolami); moray- to sound; morap- id.(Naikri) [sk]
mur- to growl(tiger), hoot (owl), murip- (murit-) to snore (Parji); muru inba to growl, grumble, mutter (Kui); mu_ru_-ki_ali to growl (Kuwi); murrna_ to thunder, esp. with repeated peals, utter threats, threaten (Kur.ux); mure to speak, say yes or no (Malt.o); marra_m shout, call, cry, fame (Brahui) [sk]
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Knife, cutting, butcher
mészár-ol
to butcher; massacre; mészár-os butcher /HungarianUralic
met-él
to cut off /HungarianHungarian met- is of unknown origin. [Chong]
metsz
to cut, carve, prune trees /Hungarianmészár-ol to butcher; massacre; mészár-os butcher /Hungarian
Apparently a loan from German!
Sumerian
mug
chisel,carve, erodeAfro-Asiatic
Semitic (?)
m(s V /Aramaic [cal]
011 Syr to cut up 012 Syr to break 013 Syr to squeeze 014 Syr to move 015 Syr to pervert 016 Syr to destroy 017 Syr to devastate 041 Syr to be crushed 042 Syr to be troubled 043 Syr to be overthrown 021 Syr to squeeze 022 Syr to trouble 023 Syr to destroy 024 Syr to devastate 051 Syr to suffer stomach trouble
LS2 398
Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 307 #4> [oi4]
Omotic
mac#'c#'- cut /Kafa
Cushitic
mac#'eh- pull out /Bilin
mud/h!- cut scrape /Somali
Semitic
*bd?` tear /Proto Semitic
mac#'@h!a pull out /Tigre
Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 506 #> [oi4]
Cushitic, East
mid- uproot /Burji
mit- yank /Gidole
mid- mow, cut /Sidamo
Cognate Set <Fleming (1988) , #39> [oi4]
Omotic
mat? slaughter animal /Ari; mIt? /Dime
Ainu
meske to come off; mesu to tear off [sm]
Altaic
Tungus
meitembi to lop off /Manchu [as]
Japanese
mesu (knife) scalpel
Japanese mesu is seen as a loan from Dutch [source]
metsuretsu
(-suru) be torn asunder, to go to piecesIt was kindly pointed out to me by the editor of "The Jurchen language and Script Website" [jl] that (contains Japanese coding) metsuretsu(‚߂‚ê‚Â,–Å—ô), is a Chinese loan. [jl]
Austric
motu to cut, to incise, to engrave. /Rapanui [anon]
moto blow, to strike a /Moriori [mor]
Basque
motz short; moz-tu to cut (C)
Caucasian
*mV>[c]V hunger /North Caucasian [ss]
*maci-n hungry /Nakh [ss]
meca /Chechen; meca /Ingush; maci /Batsbi [ss]
*makw|ac- ( ~ -o-) to be hungry /Andian [ss]
makw|ac^- /Akhvakh; makw|at- /Chamalal; makw|as- /Tindi; makw|as- /Karata; makw|as- /Godoberi [ss]
*mos:y- hungry /Lezghian [ss]
mys:y-n /Tsakhur; myz /Budukh; busa /Udi [ss]
Dravidian
mce
to cut (as meat) /Malto; mo_cna_ to cut up into convenient pieces any object too large for use, give a cut in or through /Kur.ux; cf. moci to eat /Tamil [sk]*muc- torn, spoilt; weak, tired /Dravidian [ss: DED 4903]
*muc-[i-] torn, crumpled; tired, torpid /South Dravidian [ss]
muci (-v-, -nt-) to be torn, be crumpled as a garment, be tired, feel discouraged /Tamil; mus·ikka to dirty; to trouble, vex /Malayalam; muccur_u to become torpid or stupified, lose consciousness, faint away, swoon, be troubled in mind /Kannada [ss]
*muc- to be spoiled, become weak or unsound, decay, decline, fail /Telugu [ss]
Basic form: musincu [ss]
Derivatives: Also mucciru to grieve, sorrow; mucciri one who is sorrowful; mucciritanamu perturbation, sorrow, grief [ss]
Etruscan
mutu "trunk, cut" [az96]
Indo-European
Germanic
messer
to cut /Germanalso see Metzger butcher /German {from dictionary of postulated non-IE substrate vocabulary in the Germanic languages} [mc1] (? oh, might not be IE)
Slavic
mesar butcher; slaughterer /Serbo-Croatian
mäsiar butcher /Slovak
mesar, kasapin; ubiec, pala` butcher /Bulgar; myasnik /Russian
Yuki
mešak to divide [y84]
{/k/<>/m/}
kasza
scythe; kés knife /HungarianUralic
*keĉe /Finno-Ugrian [Chong]
köcˆ@h /Khanty; kecˆ@ /Southern Khanty; kaasii /Man's'i; k@z@, küzü /Mari [Chong]
kasza scythe; kés knife /Hungarian
Hungarian kasza is supposedly of Slavic origin, while kés is of FU origin. [see Chong]
Sumerian
gi...zé to cut reeds ('reeds' + 'to cut') [jh]
guz, huz to cut, trim, clip; castrate [jh]
ğeš, ğiš tool etc. [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
qes (unknown meaning) an epithet of iron /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Semitic
qs.r harvest /Phœnician [cgj]
gzr to cut off, destroy /West Semitic Root [ahd]
h.śś to mow /Arabic Root [ahd]
Altaic
*k`ási to cut /Altaic [ss]
*kes- /Turc
*kasu- /Mongol
*(x)asu- /Tungus
*kàsk- /Korean
*kí(n)sú /Japanese [ss]; kusakari mowing/sickle, scythe /Japanese
Turkic
kas- cut /Chuvash; kisu to saw /Tatar; kes- cut /Turk, Uzbek; kesil- cut; interrupt, kill, stop; kIs- cut down; reduce; turn down /Turk [Chong]
Mongol
kitugu knife /Classical Mongol [Chong]
Tungus
kucˆe /Ewen; kes as if cut off by a knife; sharp /Manchu; koto /Modern Tungusic; kusig@ /Udeghe [Chong]
kuši knife /Manchu [as]
Caucasian
*k[i:]s/wV scythe (or a similar cutting tool) /North Caucasian [ss]
*ke:s(s) a stripe of mown corn or grass /Nakh [ss]
kes /Chechen; kes /Ingush [ss]
*kVŝ:V a device for cutting hay /Andian [ss]
kaŝu /Avar [ss]
*k[y]s:w|- / -ŝ:w|- 1 to mow 2 to shear, clip /Tsezian [ss]
kos- 1 /Tsezi; kus-u?- 2 /Bezhita; koŝ- 1 /Gunzib [ss]
*kis(a) fork /Lezghian [ss]
kis /Archi [ss]
Dravidian
gongor. keser sickle /Gondi. The second element keser may relate to the depiction of a curved 'neck'; xe_ser (xesr-) neck, shoulders /Kur.ux; qasru neck /Malto; and to the function ke_sal razor, ke_s to shave /Gadba; ke_c to shave/Parji; kaciya_ sickle /Nepa_li; ka_si id. /Nepa_li; ka_ci id. /Bengali; kacia_ big scythe /Or.iya_; kaciya_ toothed sickle /Biha_ri_; kaciya_ reaping-hook /Hindi_; kicca_ cutting /Prakrit; kacci_ sword /Kolami; kacci sword, iron sword /Gondi; iron blade (of spade) /Gondi; kacci sword /Kolami; sword; iron sword /Gondi; kacci, kac, kas iron; kacc iron, iron blade (of spade) /Gondi [sk]
Etruscan
ceisatru one who cuts, butchers [az96]
ceisu piece, cut (of meat) [az96]
< ceiz/cez- < *kaith- [az96]
caSni, cazni "sharp, cutting" [az96]
Indo-European
Italic
cuchillo 'knife' /Spanish
Albanian
*ka:r- /Proto Albanian [bd] < ? *Kes- to comb, shear, clip /PIE [bd]
korr to cut with a sicle, to harvest, reap /Albanian [bd]
Slavic
kosorú `sickle, scythe' ?? /South Slav [from bd]
[bd] suggests this may be a possible cognate of the Albanian
коса
scythe /RussianUlwa
kasar(ka) a. (kasasar(ka)) down-curved; turned or bent downwards; hooked downward like hawk's beak [ud]
c.f. the Dravidian keser "curved neck?"
Yuki
kuči(·), kučía, waikū
tci knife1 {wai' ~ wa'i obsidian, quartz crystals used in blood-letting} [y84][y84] suggests kuči(·), kučía derives from the Spanish.
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Place, field, pasturage; wetlands; swamp
mezö
"outer fields, grasslands" /HungarianUralic
Officially, Hungarian mezö is derived from a FU root
*mec'3- ~ *mes'3 (PUg) [Chong]
määš- clothe, dress (Mn'NK); mas- dress up (Mn'S); m&š- clothe, dress (Mn'T) Chong]
According to [fh]
Hungarian mezö "outer fields, grasslands" comes from FU *mec'ä 'wetlands, pasture land', just as messze "far away"*mec'ä
Caucasian
*me>lz|/V place, ground /North Caucasian [ss: 1353]
*mott 1 bed 2 place /Nakh [ss: 513]
Chechen: mott 1; Ingush: mott 1; Batsbi: mott 1,2
*mo|ĉe A place; ground; field /Tsezian [ss: 596]
Tsezi: moĉi ; Ginukh: moĉi ; Bezhita: maĉe ; Gunzib: mo|ĉe
*mez place /Dargwa [ss: 465]
Akusha: mer
*ma"(l)ĉ.: ( ~ -a-,- ĉ.) place /Lezghian [ss: 863]
Archi: ma ĉ.
*miĉ.wV> ( ~ -c./-) meadow, hill slope /North Caucasian [ss: 2020]
*mVĉ.V meadow /Andian [ss: 1327]
Avar: meĉ.
maĉ. meadow (on a hill slope) /Lak [ss: 849]
*ĉ.w|im hill slope /Lezghian [ss: 1387]
Tsakhur: ĉ.um
mocsár
swamp, marsh, sink /HungarianUralic
*mec'ä
wetlands, pasture land /FinnUgorHungarian mocsár swamp, marsh, sink << FU *mec'ä wetlands, outer lands, border lands
mos+sár = wet/wash+mud
Altaic
*mu:\sV ( ~ -o:-, -i_o:-) swamp, pond /Altaic [ss]
*mu:sa pools in a swamp /Tungus [ss]
mu:su / mu:sa Evenki [ss]
*mo/s pond, lake, swamp /Korean [ss]
mo/s Middle Korean; mot Modern Korean [ss]
Indo-European/Slavic
močar
swampy (boggy, marshy, fenny, quaggy) soil /Serbo-Croatian![]()
mi
we /HungarianUralic
*m8" (Proto FU) [Chong]
müü (prn.) we /Vaddja [fv]
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
ma we /Baluchi [mab]
má pro. we, plural of man /(Northern) Baluchi [mld]
Yuki
mi· , me· we (inclusive agent) [y84]
mi
, mit what? /HungarianUralic
mi (prn.) what (inter.); mid (prn.) what (pl. inter.) /Vaddja [fv]
mihee (adv.) why /Vaddja [fv]
millin (prn.) what kind (inter.) /Vaddja [fv]
minee (adv.) what for /Vaddja [fv]
me (prn.) what /Erzya [fv]
Sumerian
àm who, which, what; (same) as, like (in scholarly lists). [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
m who, what /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Semitic
mз which, what, who (rel. pronouns) /Phœnician [cgj]
Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #117> [oi4]
Chadic
m@ni what? /Bata; mi-ge /Masa (Banana); midi /Gidar; mee, mii /Hausa; mira /Margi; ma /Musgu; ni /Ngamo; n@m /Tera; me /Angas; mini /Buduma
mint
as, like, than /HungarianUralic
ma¥nit like... (Man's'i) [Chong]
minta approximate (Nganasan) [Chong]
Officially, Hungarian mint is derived from mi "what". [Chong]
Sumerian
àm who, which, what; (same) as, like (in scholarly lists). [jh]
Altaic
Turkic
monand like... (Turkish, Uzbek) [Chong]
mondïx such, so, thus, like this /Khakas [kl]
Niger-Congo (?)
munta (adv) look, looklike /Mandinka [pc1]
Muskogean/Eastern (??)
mìnta 1. another, other, else, different one, another one; 2. to be different (from before), be otherwise, be another /Alabama [tm]
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mirigy
gland /HungarianUralic
? mar, mor gnarl, especially in a birch; pustule (in the skin); mar@n es@m cartilaginous udder (Khanty)
? mor udder (Kamas); mar gland (N'en'ec') [Chong]
Hungarian mirigy is officially of unknown origin.
{/gy/ like a palatised /d'/}
Altaic
Turkic/Khakas
mir Sagay cf mirt lymph gland [kl]
moccan
to move, stir; moccan-ás movement /Hungarian {Hungarian /c/ ≡ /tz/}Uralic
mozora
- stir, etc. /En'ec', Baylkha; mod'oða- stir, be up and doing /En'ec', Hatanga. [Chong]bozsog move, stir /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)
Origin of Hungarian moz- uncertain [see Chong]
Sumerian
ma
move, vehicle, boatAfro-Asiatic/Semitic (?)
m(s V /Aramaic [cal]
011 Syr to cut up 012 Syr to break 013 Syr to squeeze 014 Syr to move 015 Syr to pervert 016 Syr to destroy 017 Syr to devastate 041 Syr to be crushed 042 Syr to be troubled 043 Syr to be overthrown 021 Syr to squeeze 022 Syr to trouble 023 Syr to destroy 024 Syr to devastate 051 Syr to suffer stomach trouble
LS2 398
Altaic
*miaĉ`e to move, climb /Altaic [ss] {One of the common Altaic motion verbs} [ss]
*maĉa- to climb up, hurry /Mongol [ss]
maĉa- (maĉu-) /Written Mongolian; maca- /Khalkha; maĉu- /Ordos [ss]
*miĉi- to move, move back /Tungus [ss]
miĉi- /Evenki; mi.t-/ĉ- /Even; mi.ĉi.- /Nanai [ss]
*mi\ĉhy/- to reach, come to /Korean [ss]
miĉhi- /Modern Korean; mi\ĉhy/-, miĉh- /Middle Korean [ss]
Turkic/Turkmen
me∫gul busy; occupied; me∫gullanmak to be occupied (with); to be engaged (in) [glnp]
Dravidian
*mis- to move /Dravidian [ss]
*mis-uk- to move /South Dravidian
misuku to move, stir, quiver, throb, swing, etc.; n. moving, shaking, swinging /Kannad.a; miskuni to move, venture; interfere with, meddle /Tulu [ss]
*mis-uk- to move /Telugu [ss]
mut.ukku (mut.ukki-) to plough, set in motion, induce, urge on; n. urging, pressing hard, strength, power, stiffness of manners (Tamil)[mu_ri tavira mut.ukku mutuca_t.i : Paripa_.20,54)(Tamil.lex.); mut.uku to move quickly; n. a rapid movement in verse (Tamil); mut.ukkam high price, tightness (Tamil); mut.ukkuka to urge on, e.g. cattle (Malayalam); mur.g- (mur.gy-) to be screwed up (Kota); mud.(k) kiy to be persistent (Toda)(DEDR 4925). [sk]
mid.uku to move; n. moving (Kannad.a); to move, wander (Telugu)(DEDR 4852). [sk]
Austric
motiha dance (native) /Moriori [mor]
? mataara "look alive" /Mäori [ng]
Etruscan
muth, mutin to move; mutzi motion, movement, activity [az96]
Indo-European
Slavic
maći
to move, set going; push, stir /Serbo-CroatianIndo-Iranian/Iranian
masaq impulse, momentum /Persian [fjs]
masqat (v.n. of Q) falling; Mascat in Arabia; -- masqat, masqit, A place, especially where anything falls; [masqitu 'r-ras, A native country (where one falls at birth);] -- musqit, A dam which casts her young; who or what causes to fall, lowers, abases, debases; dishonouring, degrading. /Persian [fjs]
mas`, masa` (v.n.) walking awkwardly (a woman). /Persian [fjs]
All loans from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
Mayan
Chorti [cw]
mutz' mu'tz' 'a twitch, a jerk, a tic'
mutz' uut 'facial tic'
mutz' unak' uut 'twitching around the eyes'
ut umutz' 'one's tic'
mutz'i 'twitch, jerk, bat or blink the eyes' (cl.1)
mutz'i uut 'bat one's eyes, blink'
mutz'i in kohr uut 'wink one eye'
mutz'ur 'blinking, jerking'
möge
, mögött behind; mögül from behind /HungarianUralic
*müngä rear (Proto FU) [Chong]
Ainu
maka backwards [sm]
Sino-Tibetan
*no>k / *no>n| back /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
nog cervical vertebra; hump of a camel. /Tibetan [ss]
nauk space behind, LB *snukx; @hnaun|? the back of a knife, hnaun|h be after (in time), posterior. /Burmese [ss]
hnun| the back /Lushei [ss]
Caucasian
*=Vq_V behind /North Caucasian [ss]
*-Vq:(i) 1 behind 2 locative suffix /Andian [ss]
na/q:a 1, -q: 2 /Avar
The initial nasal in Avar (n- or m- in different dialects) is not quite clear etymologically. The original meaning of the morpheme ('behind') is preserved when it functions as an adverb; but as a locative suffix it had early (as early as Proto-Av.-And.) merged with another morpheme, PEC *-q._V (q.v.) and thus acquired a new meaning 'at, by, close to'. [ss]
*mo>GwV (~-a":-) back; body /North Caucasian [ss]
*miG|w|V(-l) back /Andian [ss]
muG| Avar; miG|ul Andi; muG|ul Karata; muG|ul Bagvalal; muG|ul Godoberi [ss]
*mo|G|:u (~-x|-) body /Tsezian [ss]
maG|o Bezhita; mo|G|u Gunzib [ss]
Dravidian
*magVd.- to turn /Dravidian [ss]
mugud.a to turn back (Tulu.lex.); magur..cu to cause the face to go or turn backwards; to turn away, to avert /Kannad.a; magacu, magucu, magur..cu, mogacu, mogucu to turn round; to return; to turn upside down (Kannad.a lex.) magud.u to turn round /Telugu; …… [sk]
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Round things; nuts, peas, beans; eggs, testicles
mogyoró
'hazelnut' Corylus avellana /HungarianUralic
For nearly 5,000 years the hazelnut has enjoyed royal status as the aristocratic nut of choice. The Hazeltree belongs to the Birch Family with greatest distribution (65%) along the Black Sea coast (Turkey) [source?]
Officially, mogyoró it seems is related to Hungarian mony 'egg, testicle, penis, stallion' which is archaic and provincial but still of FU origin. [Chong]
{/gy/ is a palatised /d'/}
Hungarian mazsolla 'sultana, raisin' ?
Seems to "fit" but apparently it is seen as being derived from the Italian name of a Greek Island of Monemvasia, as Napoli di Malvasia. [fh]
Indo-European (????)
Greek (?)
μάγουλο
(magoulo) '(round) cheek' /Modern GreekAlbanian [bd: 216]
*me:/a:d|a: /Proto Albanian
modhe' [f] (tg) brome, darnel, lentil, bean, pea(s), wetch {2}
modhull(e') [f] (tg) {3} `brome, darnel, lentil, bean, pea(s), wetch'
Other IE cognates Sanskrit. ma:/s.a- `bean'; MPersian ma:s `wetch, legume'; Rumanian maza>re `lentil'
Notes: {1} `Wanderwort'. {2} Depending on the dialect. {3} Enlargement with -ulle'.
Italic/Rumance
mazăre
pea(s) /RumanianApparently Rumanian mazăre cannot be explained as a loan from Albanian modhullë [Georgiev]
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
maju a lentil (probably misreading for Q q.v.) /Persian [fjs]
machak a lentil; mountainalmond; miju a lentil; pease; mizhu underwood-fuel in baths; a lentil; pease, pulse /Persian [fjs]
Indo-Aryan
mASa bean; a small weight of gold (also {mASaka} m. n.). /Sanskrit [iits2]
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mos-oly
a smile; mosoly-og to smile /HungarianUralic
bazsalyog smile /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)
Hungarian mosoly origin uncertain. [Chong]
Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #58> [oi4]
Chadic
mas laugh /Gidar; muRmus#ii smile /Hausa; mbis laugh /Musgoi (dial. of Daba)
m@s@ laugh /Tera; mos laugh /Zumu (dial. of Bata)
Cognate Set <Bender (1988), #144> [oi4]
Omotic
Omotic protoform minc#' laugh
North Omotic
mic#'- laugh /Chara; mic#' mitsa laugh /Kafa; (wiints'- uun/ts'-) laugh /Mao
Proto North Ometo mic#'- laugh
Proto South Ometo mic#'- laugh
South Omotic
yine' laugh /Ari [oi4]
Altaic/Turkic
mes 1. gay, merry, cheerful 2. prosperous, affluent 3. well fed, fat, plump 4. fertile /Turkmen [glnp]
meslik 1. gaiety, cheerfulness 2. prosperity, affluence /Turkmen [glnp]
Dravidian
*muS- to smile /Dravidian [ss]
muck- to smile (Parji); mus mus kowwa_na_ to smile or half-laugh (Gondi); musi musi navvu a smile (Telugu); mus mus kavv- to smile (Gondi); mus mus in- id. (Pengo); musu/musuk inba to chuckle, grin, smile (Kui); muska_rna_, musmusurna_ to smile (Kur.ux)(DEDR 4904) [sk]
Yuki
muš-, moš- laugh [y84]
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Work, create, labour
mű
(a) work (literary); work (musical composition); work of art (b) artificial /HungarianUralic
*meke task, work, labour; to make, work, create /Proto Uralic [alinei]
Etruscan
mu(nisuleθ), mu(nisvleθ), mu(nsle), mu(nistas)
'public works' > 'monument/historic building'muncas
tormented, painful /Old Hungarian (12th. Century) [gzb1]Uralic
muncas tormented, painful /Old Hungarian (12th. Century) [gzb1]
munkás laborious, industrious < munka work /Modern Hungarian
Hungarian munka shows some semantic shift over the intervening 8 centuries and is officially seen as a loan from Slavic, never mind a possible Middle Eastern origin.
(1) Indo-European [rd: 935, 937]
*monHk- /Proto Indo-European reconstruction
(1) Slavic [rd: 935]
mo,ĉiti /Proto Slavic
Old Church Slavic: mo,ĉiti `torment, torture' [verb]; Russian: mu/ĉit' `torment, harass, worry' [verb]; Czech: muĉiti `torment, torture' [verb]; Slovak: muĉit' `torment, torture' [verb]; Polish: me,czyc/ `torment, torture' [verb]; Serbo-Croatian: mu\ \ĉiti `torment, worry' [verb]; Slovene: mu/ĉiti `torment, torture' [verb]; moĉiti `torment, torture' [verb]
Balto-Slavic
Lithuanian: ma/nkyti `knead' [verb]
(2) Slavic [rd: 937]
*mo,\ka /Proto Slavic
Old Church Slavic: mo,ka `torment, torture'; Russian: mu/ka `torment, torture'; Czech: muka `torment, torture'; Slovak: muka `torment, torture'; Polish: me,ka `torment, torture'; Serbo-Croatian: mu\ \ka `torment, torture'; Slovene: mo,/ka `torment, torture'; mu/ka `torment, torture'
(2) Indo-European
Germanic
Mühe trouble, bother /Modern German
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
munkasir broken; broken in spirit; fragile, frail; put to flight, routed (enemy); flaccid, pendulous (ear); -- munkasiru 'l-hal, In a distressed state; mankal, mankil whatever brings on a man punishment and chastisement;<-> minkal, Anything that inspires fear; <-> munkall, Blunted (sword); mankub afflicted, miserable; mankuz thrown, beaten, trodden on /Persian [fjs]
All loans from Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]
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múl
to fly to pass; to depend on; mul-t the past /HungarianUralic
*mule-
/FinnUgor, muli passing time /Vogul, mol'ems/Mordvin, mollat /LappYuki
-mil past3 tense suffix; -mel' past4 "used to ...." [y84]
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Reed, rush, shaft; arrow
nád
reed, rush /HungarianUralic
nyd (n) shaft /Udmurt [fv]
Officially Hungarian nád is of unknown origin. [Chong]
Loan from Iranic
Indo-European
Anatolian
na:tatta- reed /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
nadá reed, rush /Sanskrit
nyíl
arrow /HungarianUralic
*niðe (Proto FU) ; *n'olõ (Proto Ugric) [Chong]
nal arrow /Erzya [fv]
nuoli arrow /Finnish
Altaic/Tungus
niru arrow (military unit) /Manchu [as]
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian
nala reed /Sanskrit
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nagy
great, big, large, long, important /HungarianUralic
najer
king /UgricOfficially, Hungarian nagy is 'possibly' of F-U origin
? nat's' completely, totally (Izˆma Komi, Sysola Komi); nad'z' miserly, stingy (Sysola Komi)] [Chong]
Sumerian
nir
prince; nè strength,force; nigu fattenedAfro-Asiatic
noq great, large; greater, older /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
nex fat, thick /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic
Tungus
? nuhu high place (Manchu) [Chong]
Japanese
nagai
long; lengthyAustric (?)
ngako (n.) fat /Mäori [ng, ua]
Basque
nagusi boss, chief; nagusi-tu to grow up (C)
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*-nequ (~ -ń-)
magnifying suffix (увеличительный суффикс) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN883]-nequ , -ńequ /Koryak; -ńaqu /Alutor [ss]
Dravidian
na_ga any great or pre-eminent man, modaliga (Kannad.a,Skt.)(Tamil.lex.) na_ka-puram the ancient capital of Ca_vakam (Man.i. 24,169); na_kar a powerful scythian race having the serpent as their totem (Man.i. 16,15)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]
na_kuta_ < na_khuda_ (Persian) captain of a ship (W.)(Tamil)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]
na_yakkan- captain, soldier; headman; title of certain Telugu castes; title of certain Tamil castes as van-n-iyar, ve_t.ar, irul.ar; na_yakam headship, superiority (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 3,10,11); na_yakan- < na_yaka lord, master, chief (Kampara_. An:kata. 21); a person appointed to the headship of ten villages (Cukkirani_ti. 27); na_yan- master, lord (Tiruva_lava_. 54,36); na_yan-a_r title of certain castes as cain-ar, kaikko_l.ar, ut.aiyar and a section of ve_l.a_l.ar (Tamil.lex.)
na_yar a caste of Hindus in Malabar (Tamil); na_yan, na_yar the Su_dras of Ke_ral.a; soldiers of all castes (Malayalam); na'yamm a Na_yar man; fem. na'yarci (Kod.agu); na_yare, na_yima_re a Na_yar of Malabar (Tulu). nakka-p-par-aiyan- headman of the Paraiyas (G.Tp.D. I, 131)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]
Etruscan
*nac {genitive; nac(e)s} size; lofty, elevated [ajp]
nacna big; lofty, elevated [ajp]; next to, last [az96]
*nacnu big, lofty, to be elevated [ajp]
Indo-European
Slavic
nad above, over; upper, higher than; overhead; more than higher (superior) in rank /Serbo-Croatian; nadsadzovať exaggerate /Slovak
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
na_ya leader, chief /Sanskrit [sk]
na_ga any great or pre-eminent man, modaliga (Kannad.a,Sanskrit.) (Tamil.lex.) [sk]
Mayan
from [jd]
Meaning "big"
nucuc# large; nuc great, grand; noj /Laca; nojoc# big, grand; nucuc#; nojc#il bigness; nojoc# big, grand; nucuc# big, large /Yuca; nojoc# /Itza; nooc# /Mopa; nojta' /Chorti; nGoj, nGuc /Chol; no, noH, noc, noj /Chon
from [cw]
nox 'height, increase in size or age, importance' /Chorti
Stross' /x/ replaces Wisdom's /š/
nátha
a cold; náthás sniffly /HungarianUralic
*nata "mucus" /Uralic [ryan]
Officially, Hungarian nátha is thought to be of Slavic origin !! [see Chong]
négy
four /HungarianUralic
njeljä four /Karelian; ñelj four /Ludian; ñeljä four /Olonets [fv]
neljä (Finnish); n'@lä (Khanty); n'@t@ (Southern Khanty); n'ol' (Komi); njæl'ljeˆ (Lappish); n'ila, nil'æ (Man's'i); n@l, nõl (Mari); nile (Mordvin); n'il', n'ul', n'yl' (Udmurt) [Chong]
Tsalagi
`nv-`gi four /Cherokee (Tsalagi)
nehéz
heavy, difficult,complex [nagy >neh-éz ??=big>heavy] /HungarianUralic
Officially, Hungarian is of unknown origin. [Chong]
Afro-Asiatic
nh.з (be) hard, rough, dangerous /Egyptian [cgj]
Basque
nahas-tu to confuse; to mix,blend; to mess up
nemes
noble, exalted /HungarianSumerian
nam responsibility; office; governor [jh]
namešda top warrior, king (lit., 'the power of the mace') [jh]
nim prince; to be high; (adj.) high, early; (adv.) above [jh]
nun prince, noble, fine; (adj.) great, noble, fine [jh]
Dravidian & Indo-European
namasye reverence, respect, worship, adoration (Kannad.a,Sanskrit); nama_ju, nima_ju worship; divine service (Kannad.a, Mara_t.hi_, Hindi_)(Kannad.a.lex.) [sk]
nem
sex; race; species; gender; nemz-e-ni to beget; generate nemzet nation, the people /HungarianUralic
One official source says Hungarian nem is of FU origin. Another source lists no FU cognates . [Chong]
Hungarian nép is thought to be possibly a compound consisting of né ~ nô "woman" + p(i) "boy" [Chong]
Yuki
nom' people2 [y84]
nemez
'felt' (the material) /HungarianUralic
Hungarian nemez is seen as a loan from Iranian.
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian [ak1]
nawad 'felt' /E. Balochi dialect
Judging by Avestan nâmata 'brushwood' the Balochi word was borrowed from New Persian namad; also see Ossetian nymæt etc.
The Iranian word has been borrowed into many neighbouring languages, including Arabic and Hungarian according to [ak1]
név
name /HungarianUralic
Hungarian név is officially of FU origin
Finno-Ugric
l@m, lüm (Mari); nimi (Finnish); nem (Khanty); n'im (Komi, Udmurt)
nâmmâ (Lappish); näm (Man's'i); lem (Mordvin) [Chong]
Samoyedic
n'ii' (En'ec'); nim (Kamas, N'en'ec'); n'im (Nganasan); nem, nim (Šölqup) [Chong]
Yukaghir
neve, nim, niu (Yukaghir) [Chong]
Afro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Fleming (1988) , #88> [oi4]
Omotic
laam-i , naam-i , nam-i name /Ari
naab-i , naaf-u , nappo name /Dime
naab-i , nab-e name /Hamer
Altaic
nom (Uzbek) [Chong]
nevet
laugh; nevet-tetés laugh; amusement /HungarianUralic
One source claims a Finno-Ugrian origin for Hungarian nevet.
Another says it derives from an earlier neve- of Ugrian origin. [see Chong]
Dravidian
navvu to laugh, smile, joke, ridicule; n. laughter, smile, jest, joke, fun, ridicule, derision; navvincu to cause to laugh, excite mirth in, amuse (Telugu); nav- to laugh; nava jeri joke, joking; navip- (navit-) to cause to laugh (Parji) (DEDR 3569).[sk]
navil (navilv-, navin-r--) to say, tell, learn, utter, sound loudly, sing, perform (as a dance); navir-r-u (navir-r-i-) to say, utter, declare with authority; nuval (nuvalv-, nuvan-r--) to say, declare, utter; n. word, saying; nuvar-ci saying, utterance (Tamil); nw voice; song (Toda)(DEDR 3616). [sk]
Etruscan
nevtlane (one who) enjoys [az96]
Indo-European
na_va shout of joy or triumph (Vedic.lex.) [sk]
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Watch, look, see;
néz
to look at smtg.; to watch /HungarianUralic
nätšeä to see; to look; nätšijä (n.) witness /Vaddja [fv]
netez, neteződik to watch, look at smtg. /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)
nää to see /Vaddja [fv]
naz-ir "seers" of the old religion /Old Hungarian [hh96]
né-z to look at smtg.; to watch /Hungarian (-z is a frequentative suffix) [alinei]
Hungarian néz is officially of FU origin.
*näke- see; watch /Proto FU [Chong]
neili
to watch /Vogul; niutaGe watch /Ostjak; naani /Votjaknaa! interj here! /Vaddja [fv]
ni! nini! look!; lo!; behold! /Hungarian
Sumerian
nu
image, likeness; máš look, inspectNiger-Congo (?)
ñ (v) to see; ñaa (n) eye, etc /Mandinka [pc1]
Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
nau look, behold; sight, view, vision /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Semitic
ns.r to watch /Phœnician [cgj]
ntr to see, watch, observe, guard./Semitic Root [ahd]
naşā
ru to guard, protect /Akkadian [ahd]nwTr N nwTr) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr custody; 2 Syr preservation; 3 Syr watching; 4 Syr conservation; 5 Syr observance
LS2 427
LS2 V: nuwTArA)
abs. voc: nuwTAr
nTr V /Aramaic [cal]
peal_1 passim to watch
__2 passim to keep, to observe
__3 BibArDan,Palestinian,Syr to retain in memory
__4 Syr to beware
__5 Syr,JBA to await
__6 Syr to notice
__7 Syr w. %dwkth% to assume another's duties
__8 Syr %)eblA)% to mourn
ethpeel_1 Syr,JBA to be watched
__2 Syr to be saved
pael_1 JBA,Palestinian,Syr to guard
__2 Palestinian to keep in memory
ethpaal_1 Syr to be saved
__2 JBA to be preserved
(h)afel_1 Syr to order to guard
__2 Syr to entrust
__3 Syr to reserve
LS2 426
@@rh N nTrt) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Mand safekeeping, watching
Mand: naTarta
nTrh N nTrt) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr,Mand safekeeping, watching
Mand: naTarta
Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #90> [oi4]
Chadic
ina see /Bole(wa); na see /Sura; na see /Tera
nan see /Mandara; na see /Zumu (dial. of Bata)
Cognate Set <Newman (1977) , #111> [oi4]
Chadic
*na see /Proto Chadic
na see /Bachama; naa see /Karekare
na see /Tera; nahau see /Warji
Altaic
Turkic
n@z@r- (Azeri); nazar look, glance; the evil eye; nezaret supervision (Turkish); nazar aspect, look (Uzbek) [Chong]
nazar look, glance; view, sight /Turkmen [glnp]
Japanese
nozoki a peep; nozoku to look
Austro-Asiatic
najari, nanjari blind of one eye (Mun.d.a_ri) (Mun.d.a_ri lex.) [sk]
Dravidian
nazar 1) sight; 2) sight of a gun; 3) evil eye /Brahui
ne_t.u (ne_t.i-) to seek, look out for, desire, consider, aim at (Tamil); nit.t.isu to look at, look at much, inquisitively or sternly, stare (Kannad.a) (DEDR 3766) [sk]
o_kku (no_kki-) to see, look at, behold, view, consider, reflect, regard, pay attention to, arrange, put in order, keep, protect, save, do, perform, resemble, compare, read, desire; n. eye, sight, look, beauty, meaning, intention, knowledgeness, greatness, mode, style; no_kkam eye, eyesight, look, gaze, glance, view, aspects of a planet, appearance, expression, cast of countenance, beauty, attractiveness, watch, design, object, intention, aim, sense, intelligence, attention, observa-tion, desire, indication, sign (Tamil); no_t.t.am examination of coins, assaying, scrutiny of gems, precious metals, etc., value, criticism as by a rival artist or workman, attempt at wit, endeavour to excel, hinder or baffle another in speech (Tamil); no_t.t.am viewing, examination, experienced eye, sharp sight, shroffage, fortune-telling; no_kkuka to look at, view, observe, look after, examine, be in a certain direction, seek, consider, regard, intend; no_kkam view, beauty, eye; no_kkal a look (Malayalam); no.t.- (no.c-) to look at, look for, examine, be looked at; no.t., no.t.m (obl. no.t.t-) a sight (Kota); no_kku look, watchfulness, sight, beauty (Malayalam); nwi.t. (nwi.t.y-) to look at; nwi.t. a sight (Toda); no_d.u to look, look on, look at, view, behold, look after, examine, consider, take care, see; no_d.uvike looking etc.; no_d.isu to cause to look; no_t.a looking at or on, viewing, behold, look after, examine, consider, take care, see; no_d.uvike looking etc.; no_d.isu to cause to look; no_t.a looking at or on, viewing, beholding, seeing, examination, a sight, spectacle, sight, the power of seeing, a look, appearance; no_t.aka a looker-on, spectator, eyewitness (Kannad.a); no.t.- (no.t.i-) to look at (Kod.agu); no_t.a sight, view, vision, aim; no_d.a_runi, no_d.a_vuni to point at, show; nu_t.a_vuni to show (Tulu)(DEDR 3794).[sk]
Etruscan
natis "wise, seer" [az96]
nethśra
haruspicina; netśvis haruspex [lb](1) Indo-European
Slavic
nadzirati to supervise, oversee, inspect, control /Serbo-Croatian
nazočan present, attendant; witness; nazor opinion, view /Serbo-Croatian
názor opinion /Slovak
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
nazar (v.n.), Looking at, beholding, seeing, gazing upon, viewing, turning the eyes or the mind towards, scanning; attending to; considering, pondering, weighing, measuring, rating, valuing, estimating; pride, selfesteem; sight, vision, view; look, glance; an oversight; doubt, uncertainty, perplexity /Persian [fjs]
nazur one who attentively looks at another he likes; one who is looked upon or revered above all others, a venerable or respectable man /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
n∂z∂r eyesight; the evil eye /Baluchi [mab]
Indo-Aryan
netra eye; (leader) /Sanskrit
Supposed to derive from root nī "lead, guide, conduct, carry (off)" /Sanskrit
(2) Indo-European
e:n
"look there!" /Proto Indo-European [ryan]nû, inj. behold, lo! /Old High German
(3) Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1
noos
(I). 1. mind, as employed in perceiving and thinking, sense, wit; 2. a. to have sense, be sensible, b. to have one's mind directed to something; 3. mind, more widely, as employed in feeling, deciding, etc., heart; 4. mind, resolve, purpose; 5. reason, intellect; (II). 1. act of mind, thought; 2. purpose, design; (III). sense, meaning of a word, etc.,
Etymology is apparently obscure.
Blackfoot (Algonquian)
in-i (vti) / in-o (vta), "see" [ryan]
Muskogean/Eastern
má! má! look out!, watch out, hey!, wait! there! /Alabama [tm]
Usage: To draw someone's attention to. [tm]
From or related to
ma 1. that way; that one (distal; previously mentioned) /Alabama [tm]
Yuki
nąw-
see [y84]nézésű
'appearing' /HungarianUralic [alinei]
Hungarian nézésű
< nézés 'look' + adjectival/verbal suffix -ű which ascribes the attribute of 'watching'
< né-z 'to look, watch' (-z is a frequentative suffix)
Etruscan [alinei]
sem(niśsi)
'(looking, watching) eyes'[alinei]'s interpretation is used to 'link' these words
szem
'eye' /HungarianUralic [Chong]
Hungarian szem is seen as of FU origin.
*silmä (Proto Uralic)
silm (Estonian); silmä (Finnish); sem (Khanty); s'in (Komi); ĉâl'bme (Lapp); säm, šäm (Man's'i); šin'dz'a (Eastern Mari - derivative); sinzä (Western Mari - derivative); sel'me (Md) / s'im, s'in (Udmurt)
sej, þej (En'ec'); sajma, sima (Kamas); häem, säew, sew (N'en'ec'); s'ajme, s'&jme (Nganasan); hæj, sajï, sæjj@, sej (Šölqup)
Sumerian [Chong]
sim to see through, etc.
Altaic [Chong]
Turkic
synĉla- observe (Kuman); sana- observe (Tatar)
Mongol
sube eye of a needle (Classical Mongol)
Tungus
sen eye of a needle (Manchu)
Etruscan [alinei]
sem(niśsi)
'(seeing) eyes'Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian
čam(m)
'eye' /Baluchi [ak1]![]()
nyak
neck {/ny/ palatised /n/} /HungarianUralic
*njaka neck /Uralic [ryan]
Hungarian nyak is thought to be possibly of FU origin by one official source. [Chong]
Another source says nyak is of unknown origin. [Chong]
nolams to lick /Erzya [fv]
nuole- lick /Finnish [Chong]
nolki mucus, slaver, slime /Finnish [Chong]
*n'ele- to swallow (Proto FU) [Chong]
njilems to swallow /Erzya [fv]
niele- swallow /Finnish
*n'älmä tongue (Proto FU) [Chong]
Hungarian nyelv is officially of FU origin.
Altaic
*näk`e neck, vertebrae /Altaic [ss]
*jaka /Turc
*nigur-su /Mongol
*nikimna /Tungus [ss]
Dravidian
*nol.- to swallow /Dravidian [ss]
*nol.- South Dravidian
*noll- Telugu
*noL- Kolami-Gadba
*nul-q- North Dravidian
nol. (nol.v-, non.t.-) to swallow, devour (Tamil); nun.a smack, slaver, greediness; nun.ayuka to eat greedily; nun.accal smacking the lips, greedines; nun.ayan voracious; fem. nun.acci; nun.ekka to smack the lips, have a ravenous appetite (Malayalam); non.e to swallow (Kannad.a); nollu (children) to suck fingers (Telugu); nolayeng to swallow (Kolami); ro_pa_na_, lo_p- to swallow, gulp down (Gondi); nulxna_ to swallow without chewing, gulp hastily (Kur.ux)(DEDR 3791). [sk]
*djol- saliva; *nav[-lVk-] tongue /Dravidian [ss]
*nālVk-
/Telugu [ss]o_l.a saliva; no_l.a slaver; glutinous fluid in the fish, fruit, snails, etc. /Malayalam; we.l. saliva /Toda; lo_l.a, lo_l.i, lo_l.u, lo_l.e, logad.i, lodad.i, lodal.i, lod.al.e, lodle, lo_yi saliva, slaver, tenacious mucus, phlegm; no_l.i sticky (juice)/Kannad.a; no_n.e saliva, spittle /Tulu; o_li anything sticky, gummy, glutinous, viscous; saliva; udale saliva, spittle /Tulu; noccil.l.u saliva, spittle /Telugu. [sk]
nejela spittle, food or drink which has come in contact with the mouth and is regarded as impure /Kannad.a [sk]
mak neck (Kolami); makk id. (Naikri) (DEDR 4622).[sk]
Muskogean/Eastern
nokbi neck; voice /Alabama [tm]
nyár
summer /HungarianUralic
Officially, Hungarian nyár is also of debated origin. [Chong]
Altaic
*nia:/r/[a] young; spring, summer /Altaic [ss]
*ja:r/ spring /Turkic [ss]
jaz /Old Turkic; jaz /Tatar; ja:z /Turkmen; s/ur /Chuvash; sa:s /Yakut [ss]
*nirai new-born /Mongolian [ss]
n/araj /Khalkha; nira:, nira": /Kalmuck [ss]
*n/ar-gu- 1 new, fresh 2 young willow /Tungus [ss]
n/arxu-n 1 /Manzhu; n/argi. 2 /Nanai [ss]
*nj@\ry/-m summer /Korean [ss]
j@rym /Modern Korean; nj@\ry/m /Middle Korean [ss]
*na/tu\ summer /Japanese [ss]
natu /Old Japanese; natsu/ /Tokyo [ss]
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian
nau-roz New-year's day (according to the Persian calendar being that on which the sun enters Aries); -- nau-rozi buzurg (khassa), (great or special new year's day) The sixth day after the vernal equinox /Persian [fjs]
The first day of Spring! Nau-roz or No Ruz or Now Ruz is a celebration of Life.
nyar-gal
to gallop, rush, race; nyer-eg saddle /HungarianUralic
Officially, Hungarian nyargal is possibly derived from jár- "travel", "walk", etc. [Chong]
Altaic
nori riding; a ride; norite rider; nori-nikui to ride hard /Japanese
nori-konasu to manage (a horse); nori-uma a saddle-horse /Japanese
noru to ride /Japanese
nyes
to prune, trim, cut off /HungarianUralic
n'et't'a
cut off /Ostjak; n'ets'ni cut?clear off (grass or hair) /ZürjenAfro-Asiatic
nšr cutter /Phœnician [cgj]
Dravidian
nar-ukku piece cut off; nar-ukku-tal to cut off (Pu. Ve. 3,10, Urai.)(Tamil.lex.) nar-ukku (nar-ukki-) to cut off, mince, chop, smash; n. a piece cut off (Tamil); nar-ukkuka to cut off, clip, cut in pieces as paper; nar-ukku a bit of palm-leaf (Tamil); nar-aku, nar-uku, narku to cut, hew, fell, sever, chop; n. a cut, wound; nar-akud.u, nar-ukud.u cutting, a cut (Telugu); narka_na_ to cut (but not of meat nor of crops, but generally of wood); narkana_, nar.ka_na_ to cut; nark- to cut (wood); narka_na_ to chop; nar.k- to cut with axe; nar.k- to cut (firewood); nark- to cut (fuel)Gondi); naRk- to chop, cut (Kond.a) [sk]
Indo-European/Slavic
nož
knife, pocket-knife, penknife; coulter, ploughshare /Serbo-Croatiannyir
-(k)-os {-os = adj. suffix} wet, damp, dank, muggy /HungarianUralic
*n'ore
wetland /UralicSumerian
Nar-im
pool, pond. {N=ng.}Afro-Asiatic
*nah(a)r- river /Common Semitic [ahd]
nahr river /Arabic [ahd]
Altaic
*niu/r/e to become wet, soak /Altaic [ss]
*ju"r/- 1 to swim 2 to float 3 to walk in water /Turkic [ss]
ju"z- 1 /Old Turkic; ju"z- 1 /Turkish; jo"z- 1 /Tatar; u"z- 1 /Azeri; ju"z- 1 /Turkmen [ss]
*nor- to soak, be wet /Mongolian [ss]
nur- (IM) /Middle Mongolian; nor- /Khalkha; nor- /Kalmuck; noir-, noirga:- /Dagur; no:ri- /Monguor [ss]
*n/[u"]r- 1 to swim (of animals) 2 shallow place /Tungus [ss]
n/ere- 1 /Manchu; n/i.rgi. 2 /Even [ss]
*nu/ra/- to get wet /Japanese [ss]
nu/ra- /Old Japanese; nu\re- /Tokyo [ss]
nurasu to wet; moisten; dampen; nureru to get (be) wet /Japanese
nari swamp /Manchu [as]
Etruscan
neri water [lb]
Dravidian
*n'ir
water /Dravidianni_r water, sea, juice, liquor (Tamil); ni_ru water (Kannad.a, Tulu, Telugu.); di_r id., flood-water, juice (Brahui)(DEDR 3690-a) [sk]
Indo-European
Greek
nêron, to, or nêros, ho, water /Classical Greek [lsj1]
cf. Modern Greek nero
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
ni_ra water; ni_vara water, marsh /Sanskrit < Dravidian [sk]
nyög
to groan; mutter /HungarianAfro-Asiatic
*nhk. to bray (of donkey) /Protoform [ss]
nâk.u (nua:k.u) 'to cry, to groan' /Akkadian [ss]
Sino-Tibetan
*n|u:k grunt /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
n|ug-pa (Ts) to grunt, to snore. /Tibetan
n|u:k to grunt. /Lushei [ss]
*n|ok weep /Kirami [ss]
n|a:k-ca /Sunwar
'n|ona" ('n|on|o|) cry, weep, n|okpa" (CSDP) weeping /Kaling
n|okny /Dumi [ss]
![]()
Additions by
Fred Hámori in red.![]()
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The content of this list remains the property of the respective sources in [] brackets. The author can only lay claim to the time and effort that has been invested in its compilation.
Last updated 3 June 2008