The origin of Hungarian gyáva is unknown. [Chong]

gifa coward /Maltese

*žujbe weak, bad /Altaic [ss]

Turkic

kavalai fear (Tamil); kavala perplexity (Malayalam); kavali to be distressed, troubled (Tamil) (DEDR 1328). [sk]

yahfuf timid, cowardly; bold, intrepid; foolish, stupid; desert, uncultivated /Persian [fjs]

qiwa weak; listless [q2]

Hungarian gyenge is officially of unknown origin. [Chong]

yanxa (va) to be loose, shaky, slack /Wollof [pc2]

jane be soft /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

Turkic

Tungus

oeha, ngenge fatigued /Moriori [mor]
ngenge jaded /Moriori [mor]

ngenge, hoha tire; ngenge, mae(a) tired /Mäori [ng]
ngenge tired /Mäori [ua]

*C/yanH weak /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

jan:ku to fear, hesitate (Telugu) [sk]

jank- slackness (of rope); jang- (jangy-) (rope or waistcloth) becomes slack or loose, (handle of tool) is loose (Kota); jan:gal.a slackness, looseness; jarur.. to move off, slip, drop down (Kannad.a); jan:ga_l.am a loose-garment (Telugu)(DEDR 2283).[sk]

cin:ku (cin:ki-) to diminish, wane, decrease, faint, fail, droop, decay, perish, elapse, pass away (as time) (Tamil); cing- (sun) declines after midday (Parji) (DEDR 2503). [sk]

jin.agu, jin.ugu, jinagu, jinugu thinness (as of texture, thread, powder, written letters etc.)(Kannad.a) (DEDR 2519).[sk]

Anatolian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian/Avestan

gyep lawn, grass, turf /Hungarian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

*munke seed, semen /Uralic

gur bear,carry; tur child, small, young; girim fruit,berry

tor-lak young, inexperienced /Turk

uri offspring /Moriori [mor]

Meaning: Child

Meaning: Boy, lad; Girl

Meaning: Man

Meaning: Person

geroko (C) descendant

kuruk child; mak child /Dravidian

Celtic

Germanic

churi child (referring to the father) [q2]

mak seed [ud]

Some think these Hungarian words may be linked to mag "seed". [Chong]

migara one's person /Japanese
waga my; our; one’s own; wagami oneself; myself /Japanese

macháⁿhkàssi to be by himself/herself/itself, single /Alabama [tm]

magun poppy /Estonian; maggon `poppy' /Livonian [rd]

Greek

Germanic

Slavic

Baltic

*munke seed, semen /Uralic

*mho>q_we ( ~ -?|-) oak-tree /North Caucasian [ss]

*d.ok- lizard /Dravidian [ss]

zignis, idos, hê, a kind of lizard /Classical Greek [lsj1]

gyógyul is identical in origin to Hungarian jó 'good' according to [art:0 p.302]

{digraph /gy/ sounds like a palatised /d'/}

g'aodz salve, ointment /Manchu [as]

*t`i_or(g)i quick, swift /Altaic [ss]

sarakkane swiftly; sarakkane sari to move quickly aside; sara, sara sarane quickly, hastily /Kannad.a; jar-r-ane quickly, rushingly /Kannad.a; jar-r-una /Telugu(Kannad.a lex.) cur-ukku quickness, rapidity; cur-ukkan- active, diligent person; hasty, irritable person; cur-ucur-u (-pp-, -tt-) to be in a hurry; cur-ucur-uppu hurrying; cur-uti swiftness, alacrity /Tamil; cur-ukku quickness; cur-ucur-uppu alacrity and dispatch /Malayalam; curk fleetness of foot (Ko.); cur-uku, cur-aku, curku quickness, speed /Kannad.a; curiki speed (Kod.agu); curuku quickness, speed, haste; quick, vivid /Tulu; cur-uku briskness, quickness /Telugu [sk]

Iranian < Semitic/Arabic according to [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

Egyptian

Semitic

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

késál to fight /Old Hungarian 14^th. Century [ehh3]

küzd to struggle, fight, battle {-d is probably a suffix [Chong]} /Hungarian

gaz ₍₂₎ war; break, fracture [jh]

kaza strike, smite [oi2]

Egyptian

Semitic

Turkic

Japanese

gassâ attack; ghussa wrath, anger; grief, sorrow /Brahui

ka_ci difficulty, straits (Tamil); ga_si, gha_si trouble, fatigue, pain (Kannad.a); ga_si id. (Tulu, Telugu); ga_sincu to harass, vex, fatigue, exhaust; ga_sil(l)u to labour, be wearied, be harassed (Telugu) (DEDR 1430).[sk]

Officially, Hungarian hös is possibly of F-U origin

kuš ₇ devastation, destruction; groom, valet, esquire, body-servant, boy [jh]
g'iš _2,3 man [jh]

Semitic

Turkic

Japanese

giza-, gizaki (C) human

gusur hero

Celtic

Germanic

Armenian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

gyula 'military leader with executive power' /Hungarian

Hungarian Gyula can mean (a) male given name; (b) a war or military leader with executive power under the dual kingship of the Magyar nation; the other was called the Kende or (the nominal civil administrator)

Bashkir yulay

ZILA PRINCEPS CIVITATIS ‘chief of the Etruscan community’

Hungarian KENDE (< Turkic), (ancient form K-ND-)

Tatar kündü, Khazar Kündäč 'reverence, deep respect'
Khakas Xündü 'respect, office bearer'

Mongol kündü 'important, respect'

CANΘE REX ‘king, highest institutional authority’

gimils fruit /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} [gzb1]
ģu^emolcz fruit /Old Hungarian {16th. Century} [bm]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 246 #> [oi4]

zˆimeš (Tatar); jemi$ (Turkish) [Chong]
dzˆims (Khalkha) [Chong]

jemich, jemilch /Chuvash [art]

ngana, hua fruit /Moriori [mor]

duru₅ , dur₅ moist, supple [jh]

turi to stretch [sm]

*j@:r spread, extend /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

*giari to stretch, spread /Altaic [ss]

Tungus

guri-tu to soften; to smooth out; to become tender; to soften up

Officially, Hungarian gyűszű is of Turkic origin. [Chong]

ÿüwse thimble /Turkmen [glnp]
ÿüzük ring /Turkmen [glnp]

yüksük thimble (Chagatai, Turkish); cˆüskük (Tuvan) [Chong]

One official source says Hungarian ha is derived from a F-U root. [Chong]
Another source says it is possibly related to hogy "how". [Chong]

-ko interrogative suffix /Vaddja [fv]

ic, ix and [pa]; as, how, if, like [az96, mp68, pa, dep]
ic, ich, ichnac how [lb]
ica, ika this [lb]

Avestan

Baluchi

-ha (?), -?a(?) interrogative suffix [y84]

-o interrogative suffix /Manchu [as]

*nk ? Uralic plural

ahány (rel. pron.) as many /Hungarian

annyi as much as /Hungarian

ene Sumerian plural

änjä so much as {I:747 Sagay dialect} [kl]

ain (B,G) (adv.) "so"; hain (L,LN,Z,U) (adv.) so; so much; such; hoin (L,LN,Z); aina (B,G) (adv.) as much as; haina (conj.) as much as

onoliko as much, so much, as many, so many /Serbo-Croatian

haymas, haiⁿ-mas how (much or many) [y84]

hotj (conj) although /Vaddja [fv]

hog how; that /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} [gzb1]
hoģ how; that /Old Hungarian (16th. Century) [bm]

quode 'how?'

kaatu (conj) because /Mandinka [pc1]

Classical Greek [lsj1]

Italic/Latin

Anatolian

Indo-Iranian

Hungarian hol and hova are officially derived from FU. [Chong]

qol- where?

Hungarian hova and hol are officially derived from FU. [Chong]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 262 #> [oi4]

aba where? /Manchu [as]
ai ba where? /Manchu [as]
ya ba, yaba where? what place?; yabade where? to what place? /Manchu [as]

Italic/Latin

Indo-Iranian

Hungarian hab is thought to derive from FU. [Chong]

kampam < kampa vibration, shaking, motion (Man.i. 17,63); kampitam quivering, quaking, trembling, shaking (Tiruva_ta. Pu. Man.cumanta. 56)(Tamil.lex.) kampan-am motion, vibration, shaking; quaking, trembling with fear (Ka_cippu. Tar..uvak.); kampalai trembling, quivering, quaking; uproar, tumult, quarrelling; kampittal to shake, toss (Kampara_. Paracura_map. 8); to tremble, quake (Tiruva_ca. 4,61); to shake, vibrate (Pirapo_ta. 23,12) (Tamil.lex.); kampa-va_tam shaking palsy, paralysis agitons (Ta.lex.) tun.ukkam trembling, palpitation of the heart through fear (Kampara_. U_rte_t.u. 97); vibration; tun.un:ku-tal to fear (Ta.lex.) [sk]

_ab lake, sea; ab-zu sentient sea [jh]

Semitic

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 152 #3> [oi4]

*k`o/p`i (~-e) foam /Altaic [ss]

*u:\jba foam /Altaic [ss]

kawa river; a stream; brook /Japanese

apa to move (things), to place, to put. /Rapanui [anon]

awa channel, river /Moriori [mor]

ip- water /Mendi; ipa- water /Kewa, Enga, Ipili; iba- water /Huli; ibo- rain /Awa; obe- water /Dorig; ebe- rain /Nengone; ubata- rain /New Georgia; abo-abo- rain /Tagalog; afa- storm /Samoa; afu- waterfall /Samoa [pkm]

apar (B,G,U); habuin (L) foam

ipas, ipase oscillating,wavering [az96]
*ep-/*ip- to vacillate, doubt [az96]

Greek

Celtic

Anatolian

Indo-Iranian

Officially, Hungarian öblít is thought to be possibly onomatopoeic.
Officially, Hungarian öböl is of unknown origin. [Chong]

'uwbal river, canal /Hebrew (Old Testament Strong No: 0180)

*u:\jba foam /Altaic [ss]

ubil (B,U) whirpool

oowila to overflow its banks (of a creek or lake), flood /Alabama [tm]

bír mistiness (of the eyes) [jh]

para steam, vapour /Serbo-Croatian

para rain; paray to rain [q2]

hadō a wave motion /Japanese

Hungarian hagy is officially of FU origin.

koodii (v) to desert, abandon /Mandinka [pc1]
gaadaay (v.) to desert /Wollof [pc2]

Turkic

Mongol

Tungus

kut` (v.n.) going off with; being active, alert, quick; fleeing, running away /Persian [fjs]

Officially, Hungarian hajít is related to hajigál- id. which is possibly derived from a FU root

Officially, Hungarian íj "bow" is possibly of F-U origin.

ay arrow [sm]

xaya- throw (Khalkha) [Chong]

ey arrow /Malayalam; e_y arrow /Kannad.a; eyyuka to shoot an arrow; eyttu shooting; eyyikka to cause to shoot; e_vuka to hurl, dart, shoot; e_vu shooting /Malayalam; ey- (ec-), i_y- (i_c-), icv- (ict-), ic- to shoot /Kota' e_yu to throw, fling /Telugu [sk]

h(j)edh to throw; shoot /Albanian [bd]

ke'-yu, kew, ku, kiu arrow [y84]

*kaje- to bow, bend /Uralic

hujumbi to bow one's head /Manchu [as]

kaj bent, crooked /Brahui

*hula- `winding, bend' (or sim.) /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]
<hui:llari- `winding, twisting' (??) /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]

Ugrian *kuje to drive, possibly derived from haj-l bend?

ajaa to drive /Vaddja [fv]
ajõttaa v to chase away (trans.) /Vaddja [fv]
ajõvaa v to chase (intr.) /Vaddja [fv]

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #153> [oi4]

Turkic

Japanese

*'ajta- to drive (cattle); pursue; hurry /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss]

y- (s-) to chase (Toda); oy (-v-, -nt-) to drag along (as a flood), launch (as a boat), send forth, give; oyyal forwarding, giving; uy (-pp-, -tt-) to carry, take away, lead, guide, send, discharge (as arrow), give (Tamil) [sk]

Slavic

(1) Indo-Iranian

(2) Indo-Iranian

hąy- look for, hunt [y84]

*kala (Proto FU, Proto Uralic) [Chong]

ha; ku₆, kua fish [jh]

kel fish /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

ika fish; hi to fish /Moriori [mor]

challhua fish [q1]

*kole die /Uralic
kul (kul-ater) the devil associated with death /Ugrian

kuole- die /Finnish

gúr to die [jh]

galla, gulla_x a demon [jh]
gul (adj.) evil; enormous [jh]
gùl, gal₅ to overwhelm [jh]
hul₍₃₎ (n.) evil [jh]

halpi kill, die [oi2]

gallu /Akkadian [em]

*a:lV to destroy, kill /Altaic [ss]

*oli ( ~ -e) to die; to be hungry, exhausted /Altaic [ss]

il (B,G) to die; hil (v.i.) to die; (v.t.) to kill; (n.) corpse
hil-dako dead,deceased

il non-existence, death; illai it is not; no; illa_mai absence, non-existence, poverty, want; illa_tavan- one utterly destitute; illa_n- poor man; ill-en-al death, negating existence; ilam, ilampai poverty; ili one who is without; /Tamil; illade gerund not being; illada adj. not being; illave state of not being /Kannad.a; ille be not (for all persons and numbers) /Kod.agu; hill- to be not/Gondi; hille is not /Kuwi [sk]

ula (-pp-, -nt-) to become diminished, be wasted, be devoid of, die, terminate; ulakkai end, ruin, death; ulappu wasting, perishing, defect, death, limit; ulai (-v-, -nt-) to perish, be ruined (as houses, land, crops); (-pp-, -tt-) to ruin; ulaivu ruin, destruction, defeat, poverty, trouble (Tamil); ulakkuka to shrink up; ulayuka to be impoverished, ruined; ulaccal, ulavu ruin (Malayalam)(DEDR 671). [sk]

kol (kolv-, kon-r--) to kill, murder; n. act of killing (Tamil); kolli killing; kula killing, murder (Malayalam); kol act of killing; kolga.rn murderer (Kota); kol, kolu, kollu (kond-) to kill, murder; kole killing, murder, slaughter (Kannad.a); koll- to kill (Kod.agu); kole murder (Tulu); koru, kori, korru to kill (Kor.ux); kollu id. (Telugu); kola murder (Telugu); xalling to strike, kill, fire (gun), throw (stone)(Bra_hui_) (DEDR 2132) [sk]

ku_l.i devil, demon (Tamil); demon, ghost (Malayalam); kole ghost (Kannad.a); kule id., apparition (Tulu) (DEDR 1918) [sk]

*ke.le>h@ "devil" /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss]

calu, calus infernal demon [mp68: 407]; god of death [az96]; "dark, darkness" [az96]
calusin, calusna "pertaining to Calu" [mp68]; "to darken, funereal" [az96]
calusna "dark" [az96]
calusur "funeral, funerary" [az96]

xaru, xarun

Classical Greek [lsj]

Germanic

Indo-Iranian

holitli to die (?) Usage: Archaic, not confirmed by contributors. [tm]

illi to die /Alabama [tm]
ililla death {/i<li>ll-a}/Alabama [tm]

hollo to be evil, wicked, dangerous, taboo; to be holy, sacred, spiritually powerful, magic /Alabama [tm]

ko'-lum, 'ko'-let corpse [y84]
k'o(·)l- die, kill; shrivel; k'o·leč, kolístek, kōl'-let dead [y84]

halottat sirat to lament, keen /Hungarian < hal-ott-at 'for the dead' + sir-at 'to cry' /Hungarian

ulvoa to howl /Vaddja [fv]
üvölt to howl, to roar /Hungarian

i-lu song, lament, dirge ('cry' + 'to multiply') [jh]

ur₅ to shout [jh]

ouelouele yelp, howl /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

gyl to rejoice /West Semitic [ahd]

*u:/lo to cry, howl /Altaic [ss]

*oro to cry, shout /Altaic [ss]

hil-eta funeral; lament for the dead; complaint < hil "to die"
orroe (n.) roar (C); orroe egin to roar; orroka-tu to shout, scream

kele to cry or shout with energy or for joy (Kannad.a); cilai, cilampu, cilumpu to sound (Tamil); kele to cry out, to vociferate (abusively); keleta abusive vociferation (Kannad.a.lex.); kel.ar, kil.ir, keral. to cry out, to roar; to dispute, to wrangle (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a.lex.); gi_ra the voice (Kui); gi_ga, gi_ta, gi_ya word, syllable (pl. gi_anga)(Kuwi); giya~ voice (Kuwi); kir-a_vu to cry (as a peacock)(Tamil); kiry- (kirc-) to shout; kiry a shout (Kota); kir-c- to shout (Toda); kir-acu, kir-icu, kir-uvu, kircu to cry, shout, scream; kir-acuvike crying, etc.; kir-ugut.t.u, kirgut.t.u to cry, scream; ki_r-u, ci_r-, ci_r-u to scream, cry out; gi_r-u, ci_r-u, ji_r-u screaming, shrilling, buzzing (Kannad.a); ki_rottuni to roar, as an elephant (Tulu); ci_ru, ci_r-u to call; ci_rud.u calling (Telugu); kihpa (kiht-) to shout, cry out (Kui); ki_rr.- (-it-) to shriek, moan with pain, shout (Kuwi); kire_ng abuse; kire_ng tining to abuse (Brahui) [sk]

*u:l.- to howl /Dravidian [ss]

*ār- to shout /Dravidian [ss]

*go:r.- grief /Darvidian [ss]

iiulathil, iiul to lament, keen [az96]

Reconstruction

Greek

Italic

?cf. gylvany to fall down/off (Vichegda Komi) [Chong]

Semitic

Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 649a #9> [oi4]

hala_ku oppressed, overcome, spent through sickness, labour etc., ruined, destroyed, lost (Kannad.a, Telugu); ala_kku (Tamil.) [sk]

ula (-pp-, -nt-) to become diminished, be wasted, be devoid of, die, terminate; ulakkai end, ruin, death; ulappu wasting, perishing, defect, death, limit; ulai (-v-, -nt-) to perish, be ruined (as houses, land, crops); (-pp-, -tt-) to ruin; ulaivu ruin, destruction, defeat, poverty, trouble (Tamil); ulakkuka to shrink up; ulayuka to be impoverished, ruined; ulaccal, ulavu ruin (Malayalam)(DEDR 671). [sk]

alku (alki-) to shrink, diminish, lessen; alkal deficiency, poverty; akku (akki-) to be reduced, shrink, be dejected, become closed (as a flower); nalku_r (-v-, -nt-) to be poor, indigent, destitute; n. poverty (Tamil); akkud.isu to become small, wane (Kannad.a)(DEDR 252). [sk]

Indo-Iranian

hulk'ilal ghost₂; hulk'·le(l) ~ hulk'i·la(l), hulk'ilal, hudl-k.í-lŭl white people [y84]

The origin of Hungarian hull- is not certain

hul₃ destroy, ruin, hostile

il-mek to be fallen /Turkmen [glnp]

galdu (C)

ku_lu to fall down, be overturned, be destroyed, ruined; ku_lisu to cause to fall, destroy (Kannad.a); ku_lu to fall down, sink, drop, die, fall dead; ku_l(u)cu to cause to fall, fell, bring to the ground, knock down, kill; ku_la~bad.u to fall down suddenly, sink, drop; ku_r.a_na_ to topple over (of a vessel, boulder on hillside), founder (of a bullock); ku_d.a_na_ to topple down; kura_na_ to roll over; gu_r.- id., spill, lie down to sleep; ku_r.- tree to fall; ku_r.h- to fell (Gondi); gu_r- (-it-) to lie down, sleep, roll on floor (Kond.a); gu_r- (-t-) to fall down; gru_t- (-t-) to fell (Pengo); ku_ra (ku_ri-) to fall over, fall down, tumble, prostrate oneself, lie down; n. a fall, tumble. prostration (Kui); kuriyu to rain, shower, fall, leak, rain down (fire, arrows)(Telugu)(DEDR 1907).[sk]

kalem "ready to fall, to lower oneself" [az96]

helenaia "(which) bends, lowers" [az96]
helene "one who descends upon, lowers oneself" [az96]
hels "to fold, recline?" [az96]
helSc "reclined" [az96]
helzunia "(which) folds" [az96]

Classical Greek [lsj1]

Indo-Iranian

Official source says possibly related to hűvös "cool" which it in turn considers of unknown origin. [Chong]

k'iid- cold /Harso [oi4]

hotz (L,LN,Z,U) (n.) cold; hotzitu (vi/vt) to get cold; to make cold
hozte (L,LN,Z,U) (n.) cold snap, cold period; act of becoming cold; hoztu (vi) to get cold

*qạjạv hoarfrost; to freeze 1 (иней; мерзнуть 1) /Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN737]

*qijtą- to freeze (замерзнуть) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN281]

ku_tir cold, cold wind; ku_tal sensation of cold (Tamil); kot.uku (kot.uki-) to shrink or shiver with cold (Tamil); ko_t.uka to feel very cold; ko_t.t.am coldness, stiffness (Malaylam); ko_d.u to be cool or cold; n. coldness; ko_t.a, kod.ata coldness (Kannad.a) [sk]

kasahka to be very cold {/kasa<h>t-ka¹} /Alabama [tm]
kasatka to be cold weather {/kasat-ka¹} /Alabama [tm]

Expert source says Hungarian hül derives from hűvös "cool". [Chong]

hal-ba frost,freezing

*gi>\l/o\ cold /Altaic [ss]

*kul.- cool /South Dravidian [ss]

kul.ir (-v-, -nt-) to feel cool (as breeze), be cool, refreshing, get numbed (as in death); n. coldness, chilliness, ague, shivering; kul.ircci, kul.irtti, kul.utti coolness, cold, act of cooling or refreshing, numbness (as in death); kul.irppu, kul.irmai, kul.umai coolness, kindness; kul.iri a fan; kul.l.a-k-kul.ir- to be intensely cool and refreshing (Tamil); kul.ir, kul.ur coldness, cool, refreshing; kul.iruka to be chilly, refreshed; kul.irma freshness; kul.irppu, kul.uppam chilliness; kul.irppikka to chill, quiet, refresh, comfort; kul.ukul.u intense cold (Malayalam); kul.ak in-, kul.kul. in- (hands, feet, body) feel cool, (mind) feels calm and peaceful (Kota); kul.ir to be cool or cold; n. coldness, coolness, cold, snow, frost (Kannad.a); kul.i- (kul.ip-, kul.it-) cold feeling is; kul.iri ka.a cold season (Kod.agu)(DEDR 1834).[sk]

kela cool down, compensate /Old Frisian [db]

ila cold [q2]

hullu adj crazy, stupid /Vaddja [fv]

Semitic

Turkic/Khakas

Tungus

kuare stupid /Moriori [mor]
rorirori, heahea silly, stupid /Mäori [ng]

ahul (L,LN,Z,U) weak, in poor health

hele "sad, angry, sullen" [az96]
helu "to get sad, mad" [az96]
helucu "sad, mournful" [az96]
helusnei "(one who) gets sad" [az96]

hallina- `be sick, hurt' (?) /Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon [hcm1]
halliŝ- `sickness, pain' (?) /Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon [hcm1]

hoyoopa to be mad, crazy, mean (of an animal), vicious Var: hoyòopa /Alabama [tm]

hilyu? sick₁ [y84]

Hungarian hűvös is officially of unknown origin. [Chong]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1983) , #8.05> [oi4]

*kume snow /F.U; xab snow /Samoyed

xuwán hoar frost /Tungus
ku_ snow /Jukagir

haware snow /Moriori [mor]
hukarere, huka snow; hinahina snowy /Mäori [ng]