kistin chestnuts /Breton [gp]

kastanea variation of kastanon a chestnut probably a loan from Asia Minor; compare Armenian kaskeni chestnut tree, from kask a chestnut.

English chestnut earlier chesten nut
< Middle English chesten earlier chesteine, earliest chasteine
< Old French-Medieval French chastaigne [ep: 94]

Old French-Medieval French chastaigne
Early Modern French-Modern French châtaigne
< Latin castanea

*Ko:r/- become hungry /Turkic [ss]

*guri- hungry, starving /Mongolian [ss]

*ko\rh- to be hungry; to be empty /Korean [ss]

*ka/ra\ empty /Japanese [ss]

{Hungarian digraph /ny/ similar to Spanish /ñ/ - palatised /n/}

*kott3ng (Proto Ugric) [Chong]

? qu$ bird (Azeri); akas swan (Chuvash); koš bird (Tatar); ka$ goose (Turkish); kùši bird (Uighur) quš bird (Uzbek) [Chong]

*kajil- 1 sea gull 2 lark /Proto Mongolian [ss: 933]

*kuju- 1 goose 2 young of birds 3 duck /Proto Tungus [ss: 1820]

*k@\ju/, k@\iju/ domestic goose /Proto Korean [ss: 889]

*hitu " goose /Chukchee-Koryak [ss]

*qs-as goose /Proto Itelmen [ss]

гусь (gus') goose /Russian
guska goose /Serbo-Croatian

kuhtz 'duck (not certain)'

hзt quarry, mine /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

gotur 1. pitted, pockmarked 2. mangy, scabby /Turkmen [glnp]

ido "a well"

guttur -ŭris the windpipe, throat; gluttony /Latin

gudura gorge, ravine, hollow /Serbo-Croatian

gt wine vat /Phœnician [cgj]

qds (n.) qds) /Aramaic [cal]

qwt drinking trough /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

*k.ut.al 1 big brass water jar 2 small jar /Nakh [ss]

*k.w|ad 1 measure for flour 2 big metal cauldron 3 barrel /Lezghian [ss]

*ka:t. cup, pot /Nakh [ss]

*k.it.um trunk, box /Andian [ss]

*ko|( ~)t.V cup, plate /Tsezian [ss]

*kyt. 1 pot 2 big basket 3 pan /Lezghian [ss]

*k.ata net /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

*kit wineskin, leather sack /Nakh [ss]

*kw|VdV basket for hay /Andian [ss]

*kw|ed A basket /Tsezian [ss]

*ket:w| ( ~ -i-) 1 basket for hay 2 big wooden chest for grain /Lezghian [ss]

*kud.- pot /South Dravidian [ss]

*kud.-uk- cup, bowl, scoop, any cup-like thing /Telugu [ss]

káda tub, vat; bath, bathtub /Serbo-Croatian
kaďa vat /Slovak

kas a cup, goblet, bowl (especially when filled with wine); wine; a hog; a large drum /Persian [fjs]

k∂dd∂ wine-cup /Baluchi [mab]

*KAky- to be angry /Turkic [ss]

*gag|a- to be angry /Mongolian [ss]

*geg- to be angry /Tungus [ss]

*ka/ku/at- to complain /Japanese [ss]

gōgan arrogance; haughtiness

khag difficult; hard (to bear). /Tibetan [ss]
khak be hard, difficult, LB *k(h)ak id. /Burmese [ss]

chegs troublesome, difficult, hard. /Tibetan [ss]
din|sa?² to trouble, annoy. /Kachin [ss]
sak hard (not soft, not easy), difficult. /Lushei [ss]
*c[e]k (/?c-) hard /Kiranti [ss]

Tagata hakari gógó, person of strong constitution; kuhane gógó, ekó higa ki te akuaku, strong soul, that does not fall to the power of evil spirits. [anon]

Officially, Hungarian golyó is possibly of Italian origin [Chong]

*guni- be sad, anxious /Mongolian [ss]

*gu:n- 1 to say 2 to think /Tungus [ss]

*ky\ny\r- to take care of, to look after /Korean [ss]

*k@\n@\-m- like, wish /Japanese [ss]

gynd∂g to see; gynd-w-č∂ar see-and-look: deliberation, consideration /Baluchi [mab]

cint (1) think, reflect (2) set one's thoughts upon; think upon; (3) call attention to /Sanskrit
cintā thought; anxious or sad thought; sorrow; plans < cint /Sanskrit

*q.o|(n)tV 1 knee 2 ankle /Tsezian [ss]

aInt span (between the thumb and the small finger) /Lak [ss]

*q.Iunt elbow /Lezghian [ss]

k.'h. bend arm, elbow; angle, corner /Old Egyptian [cgj]
k.nbt corner, angle /Old Egyptian [cgj]

qnh (n.) qny) /Aramaic [cal]

kn( V /Aramaic [cal]

gwny) N /Aramaic [cal]

*Kiajnat /Turc
*ka(i) /Mongol
*kuńe- /Tungus
*kanai /Japanese [ss]

*Kyjn|- bent, oblique /Turkic [ss]

*kiji- / *keje- oblique, slanting /Mongolian [ss]

*xun|ke- / *kun|ke- to bow /Tungus [ss]

*ku/nku/m- be curved, bent /Japanese [ss]

gañrak hook; gañrylamak to bend, make hooked /Turkmen [glnp]
gañyrçak hook (for clothing); gañyrmak to bend /Turkmen [glnp]
künjek corner /Turkmen [glnp]

kuneru to be crooked, to turn and twist

*q.o|(n)tV 1 knee 2 ankle /Tsezian [ss]

aInt span (between the thumb and the small finger) /Lak [ss]

*q.Iunt elbow /Lezghian [ss]

*kạŋị- ; *kạŋụ- to be bent, to bend; hook, hook 1 (сгибаться, скрючиться; крюк, багор 1) /Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN656]

*tqins- , *śqins- /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN167]

ko_n. crookedness, angle, crossness of disposition /Tamil; ko_n.u (ko_n.i-) to be bent, curved, be crooked, deviate, be perverse; ko_n.am curve, curvature, scimitar, angle, corner; ko_n.al obliquity, hump, crookedness (as of mind); ko_n.an- humpback; ko_n.ai curvature, crookedness, cruelty; kun.aku (kun.aki-) to become bent, crooked; kun.akku (kun.akki-) to bent; n. crookedness, curvature, crossness; kun.alai bending of the body through bashfulness; kun.ukku (kun.ukki-) to bend /Tamil; ko_n. corner, angle; ko_n.uka to bend; ko_n.am corner; ko_n.i corner of a piazza /Malayalam; go.n. corner of room /Kota; ko_n., ko_n.a, ko_n.e, ko_na angle, corner /Kannad.a; ko_n.a, ko_n. id.; ko_n:gan.n.u a squint eye /Tulu; ko_n.amu angle, corner; ko_na corner /Telugu; ko_ne corner /Gadba; ko_na id. /Kond.a: kon corner /Malayalam; konna_, konya_ cornerstone /Malayalam [sk]

*Kan. joint /South Dravidian [ss]

*Kan- joint in cane or reed /Telugu [ss]

*gaN knot, joint /Kolami-Gadba [ss]

*gaN- wrist /Gondwan [ss]

*qan place on bamboo or cane where side shoot was cut away /North Dravidian [ss]

xan knot in wood /Brahui [ss]

*g'enu- a knee, a clan /Proto Indo-European [cb]

gonu^, to, gen. gonatos, Ep. and Ion. gounatos knee 2. of a sitting posture 3. of the knees as the seat of strength 4. metaph., es gonu ballein bring down upon the knee, i. e. humble, conquer 5. prov., apôterô ê gonu knama 'blood is thicker than water', 'charity begins at home' II. joint of grasses or plants

gĕnu -ūs (n.) the knee /Latin

knee /English
Knie /German

*genu knee /Common Anatolian Protoform [cb]
gienu-, kinu- knee /Hittite, ginu- /Palaic [cb]

kohni elbow /Urdu; ko_hn.i_, ku_hn.i_, ko_hni_, ku_hni_ elbow /Punja_bi_; khunni /West Paha_r.i; kuhan.o /Kumauni_; kuhunu, kuinu /Nepa_li; kanui /Bengali; kahun.i /Or.iya_; kehuni_ /Biha_ri_, Maithili_; ke_huni_ a sheaf as large as can be carried between the arms /Maithili_; kohni_, kuhni_, kehuni_ elbow /Hindi_; kon.i_ /Gujara_ti_; with ba_hu-: bekhin. upper arm /To_rwa_li_; bakhu_ni elbow; bakhun.i /Shina; baku_ni /D.uma_ki [influenced by: ba_hu arm /Sanskrit]; kuci_, ko_nci, kunji_, xunjuk /Pas'ai; kuni elbow /Gypsy [sk]

gônia, hê,

ohnúť (sa) bend; ohnutý crooked /Slovak

Officially, Hungarian gonosz is thought to be of Slavic origin. [Chong]

Officially, Hungarian gúnyol- might be a descriptive word. [Chong]

Expert source sees Hungarian kényszer as being derived from the verb kényszerít-. and points out that it is possible kész- "incite", "spur", "urge" is the root of kényszerít-. [Chong]

An alternative explanation by [Chong] would be to view kényszer with kény as an obsolete root (not to be confused with kény "approval", etc.) and szer = "matter", "thing". Thus, in the following etymology:

Officially, Hungarian kín is of Turkic origin. [Chong]

Chinese "be distressed, distress"
qiong 2 /Modern (Beijing) < go"un| /Middle Chinese
< g(h)on| /Old Chinese

ãgon|(s)-ba, (p. bkon|) to despond. /Tibetan [ss]

kjo/n| to be distressed, to be aflicted, difficult, unexplicable, to be bewildering /Lepcha [ss]

Chinese meaning "emotion, grief; annoyed"

Tibetan: a~khan| to hurt or offend, annoy. [ss]

Chinese meaning "to oppose, be against; to hate, be malign"

Tibetan: khon anger, grudge, resentment, a~khon be dissatisfied. [ss]

*Kun- to rob, plunder, attack /Turkic [ss]

*ko"nu"g|e- to harm, torture /Mongol [ss]

*Ky:n/ punishment, fine, guilt

*kon-z^|i- to win, profit /Mongolian [ss]

*xun/i- to envy, become sick of envy /Tungus [ss]

*ka/na/- sad, sorrowful /Japanese [ss]

kyn difficult; kynçylyk difficulty; kynla∫dyrmak to complicate /Turkmen [glnp]
kynla∫mak to become complicated; kynlyk difficulty /Turkmen [glnp]

kansai n. control

kunō suffering; distress; affliction; anguish; agony

*qi_n[h]a- "malice; enmity, hostility" /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1492]

*kno- /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN285]

*ken.- to provoke, irritate /South Dravidian [ss]

*cen.- to touch, stir up, provoke; n. a touch /Telugu [ss]

haniya- `malicious' /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]

kin hatred, enmity, rancour, malice; revenge /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]
kin-awar a fierce warrior, pugnacious. /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]
kin-awari fight, contention, warfare /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]
kin-toz one who foments dissentions and law-suits; malevolent-minded /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]

gumaan suspicion, thought, surmise /Pashto [tr]

Hungarian görbe is supposedly of Slavic (and hence of Latin) origin [see Chong]

Chinese meaning "walk with bent body"

Tibetan dgur, rgur, sgur crooked
Burmese kunh to bend down
Kachin thin|kun³ be bent, kun² coil
Lushei ku:r to bend down, to droop, KC *ku:r.
Lepcha kha/r, kha/r-la> hanging down head, as when ashamed [ss]

carpik crooked, bent; slanting /Turkish

qorbayi bend completely /Classical Mongol [Chong]

kurbu- turn over /Manchu [Chong]
kurbumbi to turn over (in bed) /Manchu [as]
kurbušembi to roll over and over /Manchu [as]

fiar crooked /Gaelic; fiar /Irish; fíar /Ealy Irish; gwyr /Welsh; goar, gwar /Greek [from mcb]
car turn, twist /Gaelic [mcb]

curvus bent on a thing /Latin

grba hump, hunch; grbav hump-backed, hunch-backed, crook-backed; grown crooked /Serbo-Croatian
grbiti to bend; bow forward (down); stoop; be bent with age /Serbo-Croatian
ogrbaviti to become a hunchback /Serbo-Croatian
oguraviti to become hunchbacked /Serbo-Croatian
hrb hump /Slovak

1 Syr circle 2 JLAGal,Syr ring

*go:g-rV- "round" /Nakh

*girg(w|)V- round /Andian [ss]

*jür'- /Turc
*dörü /Mongol
*dur- /Tungus [ss]

krk V /Aramaic [cal]

krk#3 N krk) /Aramaic [cal]

*gll to roll /Proto Semitic [ahd]

g@l@ll@t round /Berber

*gorV-mV (~-u-,-V:-) a wheel for hitching the plough /Nakh [ss]

*gw|irV ( ~ gu-) 1 circle 2 wheel /Andian [ss]

*gVr- round /Tsezian [ss]

k:ur u ĉ in to roll /Lak [ss]

*gw|er ( ~ *k:w|-) to roll /Gargwa [ss]

Iranian [mab]

Indo-Aryan [sk]

kohr (qo-h-r) 'round object, pellet, squat thing, short, squat'
kor qor 'pellet, ball, anything pellet-shaped, any large round or ovoid fruit, poultice'
kori 'shape in the hands, shape anything into balls or pellets' (cl.1)
koror 'round, pellet-shaped, ball-shaped, ball, wad, pellet'

sgor, gor, skor, khor, kor round, ãkhor turn round. /Tibetan [ss]

ver to move or go round. /Lushei [ss]
{see Hungarian for- "to turn"}

kar to twist, to curl as hair, as tail, as leaf /Lepcha [ss]

*gele-l/ĉ- # to woo, ask /Turkic [ss]

*gele:- to ask, demand, search /Tungus [ss]

*ka\r- to hunt for, demand, search; drive /Japanese [ss]

gon² to search out, trace; to inquire. /Kachin [ss]
khor to search, hunt for. /Lushei [ss]

1 passim city 2 passim village 3 Syr field 4 Syr possession 5 Syr %qr:y mdynt)% territory of a city

quan 1 /Modern (Beijing) < khwen /Middle Chinese
< khw|ren /Old Chinese [ss]

khoen /Vietnamese [ss]

skjor-ba enclosure, fence /Tibetan [ss]

*kho\r ( ~ x-) fence /Kiranti [ss]

ĉ.ira wall /Lak [ss]

* ĉ.er(a) ( ~ -a"-) 1 eaves 2 wall /Lezghian [ss]

ĉ.a"ra" stone for fastening roof edges /Khinalug [ss]

*kart fence, yard /Nakh [ss]

*kartV ( ~ -o-) 1. enclosure, pen 2. place for meeting, godek.an /Avaroandian [ss]

*kVtV 1. village 2. sheep-fold /Abkhazo-Adyghe [ss]

*g^hord^h-o- hedge, fence /PIE [bd]
*gherdh- yard /PIE [cg2]

goirtean a little field of corn, croft, Irish goirtín, gort, garden, corn-field, Old Irish gort, seges, Welsh garth, enclosure, Breton garz (do.): *gorto-; Latin hortus; Greek @Ghórtos, straw-yard; English garden, garth, etc [mcb]

gàradh, gàrradh a garden, Irish gardhadh, Middle Irish garrda; from the Norse garðr, a yard, Middle English gard, garþ, English yard, garden [mcb]

gardr `hedge, fence, court' /Old Icelandic [bd]
geard enclosure /Old English
Norse garðr, a yard, Middle English gard, garþ, English yard, garden [mcb]

court /English [ep: p.125]

gird to encircle especially with a belt; girt (past participle) /English [ep: p.255]

gurta enclosed place /Hittite

kerþþi- a city /Lycian [cb2]

gyrd {also /gyRd/} (adj.) round /Baluchi [mab]

gardh hedge, fence [bd]

gar~das `fold, pen' /Lithuanian [bd]

grâd town, city, place /Serbo-Croatian
grad city /Bulgar; gorod city /Russian

*kere-, *kerü- /Mongol
*xerē- /Tungus [ss]

γalα- /Chukchee; γala- /Koryak; γala- /Palan; γala- /Alutor [ss]

Hungarian köd is officially of FU origin.

*KAd wind, whirlwind /Turkic [ss]

*küden fog, mist /Mongolian [ss]

*xedün wind /Tungus [ss]

*süks'e (PF-U) [Chong]

*k\as- grey becoming *kas- in centum languages [ahd]

höss grey, grey-brown /Old Norse
hasan grey /Old High German
hasu, heasu grey /Old English

*je\ \senü autumn /Proto Slavic [rd] < *h₁es-en-i- summer, autumn /PIE [rd]

*es-eni- autumn /Proto-Balto-Slavic [rd] < *h₁es-en-i- summer, autumn /PIE [rd]

khazan Creeping, slow walk; reptiles; autumn; the sear and yellow leaf; the tenth day of every month; name of the eighth month of the ‘ra of Jalalu'ddin; -- khazan `alam shudan, To approach (autumn); -- badi khazan (khizan), The autumnal wind, which blows during the fall of the leaves. /Persian [fjs]

jεku-lqi'w- 1/Chukchee; jaka- (III) /Koryak; jaka- /Alutor [ss]

klôkuda, Adv. in a squatting position
okl-azô crouch down with bent hams, squat; metaph., sink, slacken, abate

klqkam to squat /Bulgar

*G|a:ri band, gang /Nakh [ss]

*gw|VrV crowd, medley /Andian [ss]

hurt:u-s:a common, joint, collective /Lak [ss]

*G|a(r)t:V-r- herd of cattle /Lezghian [ss]

*k:w|ar@ta flock of sheep /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

agel-ê, hê, (agô) herd, of horses 2. in Crete and at Sparta, bands in which boys were trained; agelaios, a, on, (agelê) belonging to a herd; of the common herd; illas, ados, hê, (illô, eilô) rope, band; as Adj., close-packed, herding together; ageirô gather together; gather, assemble; of things, collect, gather etc

halia (A), Ion. -iê [a_l], hê, assembly of people II. generally, meeting, assembly

/gy/ similar to a palatised /d'/

also see semantically related words

*so"k- to split, tear apart /Turkic [ss]

*su"ke axe /Mongolian [ss]

*ŝuk- 1 chisel 2 to carve, engrave 3 to hit (with horns), butt, strike 4 notches on bow ends /Tungus [ss]

*sa\ki/- to carve, engrave /Korean [ss]

*ĉok- to peck /Turkic [ss]
*ĉoki- to strike, punish /Mongolian [ss]
*ĉo:k(i)- 1 to gauge 2 to stick into 3 to peck 4 to dig, delve /Tungus [ss]

*ĉek- chip, splinter /South Dravidian [ss]

Kêr (I) the goddess of death or doom (II) 1. as Appellat., doom, death, esp. when violent 2. nosôn palaiai kêri plague, disease 3. pl.sts. in Prose, blemishes, defects /Classical Greek [lsj1]

ghar, ĉohr epidemic, plague; khar /Old Armenian - Dorosmai [Chong]

gar leprosy /Persian - Dorosmai [Chong]
kuru suffering /Assyrian - Dorosmai [Chong]