Hungarian suffix -an, -en, -n

-an /Persian ?

-andó, -endő this suffix denotes "action that is to be completed" /Hungarian

jövendő future; állandó constant, lasting, standing; hajlandó willing, ready, inclined; leendő (anya) = (mother) to be; múlandó fleeting, ephemeral; teendő work (to be done) /Hungarian

indi 1. now 2. next, following; indiki next; indikile next time /Turkmen [glnp]

ondore (G,L,LN,U) result, consequence; future; succession
ondoren (C) consequence, result, conclusion; conj./prep. after (B,G)
ondorio (L,LN,Z,U) result, outcome; effect, outcome

è-de future suffix , e(n) future suffix

Hungarian az and related ott "that, there"; onnan "from that" officially derive from FU. [Chong]

Hungarian ez and related itt "here", ide "hither", innen "from here", így "so", ilyen "such as this" officially derive from FU [Chong]

kase (dem. prn) this here, that there /Vaddja [fv]

Cognate Set <Cohen (1947) , #347> [oi4]

[? incˆä so (Old Turkish); ene this (Buryat); edüge now (Clasical Mongol) // ädu here (Ewenk)] [Chong]

∫u this, that /Turkmen [glnp]

es this; eg, is that /Georgian [pjh]

ita, itu, ta this [lb]

With abba, ebbe the z of the demonstrative pronoun assimilates with the b- of the suffix.

abe/ba_n (obl. aben.-/ba_n.-) there; aben.i/ba_n.i of that place, belonging to that place; abekan man belonging there (Kond.a)(DEDR 1). [sk]

b "in, from, among" /Phœnician [cgj]

With abból, ebből the z of the demonstrative pronoun assimilates with the b- of the suffix.

ebol out, forth /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
bal, bol outside; (of time) out of, beyond /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

Hungarian suffix -ig expresses

Hungarian adverb addig is formed from 'demonstrative pronoun' a(z) that + -ig
Hungarian adverb eddig is formed from 'demonstrative pronoun' e(z) this + -ig

adi as far as, until, (in adi muh#h#i) until /Akkadian [oi3]
`d until, even /Phœnician [cgj]
’ade up to, until /Ugaritic

tanaka, tanka, anaka upto that measure; till, until, as far as (Kannad.a); danake, da_ka_, da_ke (Telugu); tane (Malayalam); tan-ai quantity, number, measure (Tamil.)(Kannad.a lex.) cf. tan-ai a particle denoting quantity and time-limit (Ta.)(DEDR 3147) [sk]

arra, erre /Hungarian

iránt, irány-á-ba(n) towards /Hungarian

rea 'to, towards, onto' /Old Hungarian from 1055 AD [bl]

rá 'to, towards, onto' /Modern Hungarian
rea /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)

A small group of transitive verbs are built from intransitive stems by an applicative-like derivation, i.e., the derived transitive verb signifies essentially the same action as the basic intransitive, but this action is construed as directed towards a specific endpoint, for example :-

ra(-g/h) prep., dative suffix - for - denotes the animate being towards whom or in favor of whom an action is done. [jh]

ri demonstrative affix, that, those; regarding that (where the reference is to something outside the view of the speaker - over yonder). [jh]

r (prep.) from, to, at, concerning /Egyptian [cgj]
erat "to"; ero for, to, as regards to /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]

orun to {directed towards} [sm]

-ri, -ru directional suffix /Turkish

ara (B,G); hara (L,U) there (indicating direction, towards)
-ra suffix "to"; -rantz suffix "towards"

-eri, -ri gerundive suffix, postposition "for, for the sake of" [az96, mp68: 400]
locative, instrumentive suffix [mp68: 396]

-tra "toward" [az96]

Classical Armenian [cao]

Nar-Phu [mn0]

Chantyal [mn1]

Hungarian az and related ott "that, there"; onnan "from that" officially derive from FU. [Chong]

Hungarian ez and related itt "here", ide "hither", innen "from here", így "so", ilyen "such as this" officially derive from FU [Chong]

edia there

otta in, at {postposition}

to - there; it - over there
tóla - thither; íta - to over there
tólum - from there; ítum - from over there

a_da that place, there (Telugu); atan there; adar.in therefrom (Naikri); atala yonder (Kuwi); a- that over there (Kui); atala yonder (Kuwi); a- that most remote; asan, hasan there, thither; ayya_, hayya_ there, in that place (Kur.ux) (DEDR 1)

Chorti [cw]

âduh (interj.) here! [ud]
iduh (interj.) there! [ud]

Hungarian így is seen as being related to Hungarian ez "this", itt "here", ide "hither", innen "from here", ilyen "such as this" and officially deriving from FU [Chong]

One expert source sees Hungarian úgy as derived from a FU root. [Chong]
Another expert source sees úgy as related to Hungarian az "that" (see above)

at.t.e_ in that manner; at.u, at.ula, at.ulu, at.t.ulu, at.lu thus (Telugu); dahun, daun, duhun in this manner (Bra_hui_)(DEDR 1) [sk]

byn p /Aramaic [cal]

bynt p /Aramaic [cal]

beyn among, between (Old Testament Strong No: 0997) /Aramaic

Penātes gods of the Roman household, gods of the interior < penes (root pen-) inside, in the interior of [ep: 480]

-ska small, little {diminutive suffix}
-xka small, little {diminutive suffix}

-ko little

*k.A> a suffix(diminutive or singulative) /North Caucasian [ss]

see similar German -chen little.small

-cha little,small,few {diminutive suffix} [q2]

In Hungarian conversation this is used between close friends, family and so on. It is insulting to be this familiar with one's elders or strangers. (This occurs in several unrelated languages.)

da and, but /Erzya; tõ but /Vaddja [fv]

-n genitive singular; -in, -en, -den, -ten, or -tten genitive plural /Finnish
-n genitive suffix /Karelian

-é possession suffix 'of' /Hungarian
-i plural possessive suffix /Hungarian
-né suffix meaning 'wife of' /Hungarian (????)

-na genitive suffix [jh]

-en genitive suffix 'of'

The genitive singular is formed by adding the termination -nâ to the singular stem of the substantive: lumma - lummanâ (mother).

The genitive plural is formed by adding the termination -â to the plural stem of the substantive, which is obtained by changing the plural suffix -k into -t: lumma - lummaghâk - lummaghâtâ.

-na suffix of possession or reference - creates an adjective for example,

Celtic/Gaulish (?)

Slavic [sgt]

Nar-Phu [mn]

-a genitive suffix /Onge

-na 1s.genitive after dorsals; -ŋa in all other environments /Awara

Hungarian suffix -ék when

-ok suffix used with articles and nouns to express being part of a group

-ek suffix is added to the singular or plural of the word to form the group plural (also called ‘double plural’) [dg]

guolek (plur.) fish /Lapp

halak (plur.) fish /Hungarian

-ki plural suffix /Kharia [mw3]

The "primary" suffix -k-, seems to have been a pluralizing suffix. [jrr1]

-ak suffix expresses the plural of the definite article

In Brahui, the plural can be formed by adding suffixes -k, -âk and -âsk to the singular form.

-cva suffix formed a so-called 'collective adjective' [lb]

Classical Armenian [cao]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian [fjs]

Cree [gn]

Ojibwe [ob]

Potawatomi [pl1]

*-kè(-) meaning "dual" in Proto Uralic [lc]

*kakte- (Proto Uralic) [Chong]

kide (C) member,colleague, fellow,associate
-kide (C) suffix signifying companionship
kidego (C) companion; kidetu (C) (vi) to be similar, be alike, resemble; to pair (up)

*ke/t`o (~k`-, g-, -o-,-t-) similar /Altaic [ss]

ki- 'two'

*q.Hwa": two /North Caucasian [ss]

*quli another (другой) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN287]

xaaj (v.) to divide, separate; xaaji (v.) to divide; xaajo (n.) part,portion /Wollof [pc2]

Official source says this is related to Hungarian elő 'front'

ul remote, distant (in time); ancient, enduring [jh]

`l from /Phœnician [cgj]

Hungarian én is 'possibly' of FU origin. [Chong]

Hungarian ön is a very respectful form of address.
Officially, it ultimately derives from õ "he, she" [Chong]

n (spn) I /Mandinka [pc1]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 133 #1> [oi4]

an I, we [sm]
en I [sm]

ni I; ene my; enegana to me

*ny> I (1st pers. pronoun) /North Caucasian [ss]

enu I /Telugu; än /Kannad.a; yan, nan /Tamil; ñan /Malayam [fh]

-unan self /Breton [gp]

ana I, me, my Var: ina /Alabama [tm]

*n|a:- I, we /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

hen (s)he /Estonian, Latvian, Vaadja [Chong]
hän (s)he /Finnish, Karelian, Ol, Vepsä [Chong]

ene he, she, en lord [fh16]

i, in "him, her, it" [oi2]

ani he, she {from an-i} [sm]
oka(i) they [sm]

an, o he, she, it /Turkish

o (s)he /Azeri, Turkish; u (s)he /Uzbek [Chong]

an "he, she"; in "it"

a (spn) he, it, she, him, her /Mandinka [pc1]

Official source says that fel, föl derive from föl "skimmings" which is of F-U origin. [Chong]

falatu, fala sky

Also c.f. Hungarian suffixes -kod, -ked, -köd; -koz, -kez, -köz which form the so-called reflexive verbs most often from active verbs /Hungarian

-keta 1) search; 2) large amount of; 3) activity; 4) season, weather 5) competition

*-cit- mutual action (обоюдное действие) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN233]

One official source says Hungarian ha is derived from a F-U root. [Chong]
Another source says it is possibly related to hogy "how". [Chong]

-ko interrogative suffix /Vaddja [fv]

ic, ix and [pa]; as, how, if, like [az96, mp68, pa, dep]
ic, ich, ichnac how [lb]
ica, ika this [lb]

-ha (?), -?a(?) interrogative suffix [y84]

-o interrogative suffix /Manchu [as]

ahány (rel. pron.) as many /Hungarian

annyi as much as /Hungarian

änjä so much as {I:747 Sagay dialect} [kl]

ain (B,G) (adv.) "so"; hain (L,LN,Z,U) (adv.) so; so much; such; hoin (L,LN,Z)
aina (B,G) (adv.) as much as; haina (conj.) as much as

onoliko as much, so much, as many, so many /Serbo-Croatian

haymas, haiⁿ-mas how (much or many) [y84]

hotj (conj) although /Vaddja [fv]

hog how; that /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} [gzb1]
hoģ how; that /Old Hungarian (16th. Century) [bm]

quode 'how?'

kaatu (conj) because /Mandinka [pc1]

Classical Greek [lsj1]

Hungarian hol and hova are officially derived from FU. [Chong]

qol- where?

Hungarian hova and hol are officially derived from FU. [Chong]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 262 #> [oi4]

aba where? /Manchu [as]
ai ba where? /Manchu [as]
ya ba, yaba where? what place?; yabade where? to what place? /Manchu [as]

In Hungarian, family or surnames tend to be listed before first names. The family name is used as an adjective describing which person one is referring to.

In old documents the place of origin of a person was also added before the family name! The place name suffixed with -i is another adjective to define which family one is referring to.

i suffix used with "place" meaning "where" or "time" meaning "when". [sm]

-i suffix used with towns named after families [lrp 57]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian/Persian (Farsi) [fjs]

olako (B,G) that kind of
olan (B) adv. like this, so, like so, in this manner, like that, thus
olantxe (B) in this way, just so

oran.ai pair (S.I.I. ii,226)(Tamil.lex.) ol, olu, o_l, o_lu, po_l, ho_l, pol, polu likeness, correspondence, equality; like, as; as if; so that; o_rage similarity; ore id. (Kannad.a)(Ka.lex.) po_l (po_lv-, po_n-r--) to resemble, be like, similar, equal, match; a particle of comparison (also po_la); po_li person or thing that is equal, similarity, likeness, pretence, hypocrisy; po_limai similarity (Tamil); po_luka to resemble; po_la, po_l, po_le_ like (Malayalam); po_lke, po_lve resemblance; po_lisu to cause to resemble, compare; pol to be fit or proper; excel; o_l(u), ol(u), vo_l, vol(u) likeness, equality (Kannad.a); po.le like (Kod.agu); po_lu to resemble; be, exist, be good, beautiful, agreeable or well, be fit, proper, be possible; n. beauty, agreeableness, fitness, propriety (Telugu); po_lika, po_like, po_lki resemblance; po_l(u)cu to compare, liken, recognize, identify; po_ni resembling, similar, like; bo~_t.i id., equal; po~_d.i beauty, elegance (Telugu.); bo_l-e_r to resemble (Gadba); poli'nai to compare (Kuwi)(DEDR 4597).

ho_like, po_lke, ho_luvike, ho_luve, ho_luvike resemblance, similitutde, likeness (Kannad.a); ho_l, po_l, ho_lu to be like, resemble (Kannad.a.lex.); po_l to resemble; to be like; similar (Kur-al., 1071); to equal, match (Tamil); a particle of comparison (Kur-al., 118); po_lu (Telugu); po_l (Kannad.a); po_luga (Malayalam); ho_lu (Tulu); po_la a particle of comparison (Toll. Po. 291); po_li similarity (Tol. Po. 300, Urai.)(Tamil.lex.) [sk]

ina in, by, from /Akkadian [oi3]

in-ani from this; from here [ryan]

hunak(ka) where [sm]

Japanese innen can be used to form such concepts as "cause; providence; causality; karma[-relation]; fatality; fate; destiny; affinity; connection; origin; history"

honen adj./pron. (genit.) of this, of this one; adv. so, such; adv. at such and such a time;
honi adj./pron. (dat.) to this; to this one;
onen adj./pron. (genit.) of this; of this one

ongân from that direction /Brahui

ini hereafter, from here onwards (of place) /Tamil [bur]
ini henceforth, yet, still, more /Malayaman [bur]
ïn other; hereafter /Toda [bur]
inu, innu still, yet, moreover, hence, hereafter /Kannad.a [bur]
iññi hereafter; again /Kod.agu [bur]

Hungarian ki is officially of FU origin.

gu (rp) which, who, whom /Wollof [pc2]

*k`a(j) who, interrogative pronoun /Altaic [ss]

*kwi who, which (interrogative pronoun) /North Caucasian [ss]

kenen whose /Finnish; kelle whose /Estonian

Hungarian kié is formed from the Interrogative Pronoun ki 'who' + the Possession suffix -é and sounds almost like KEEYEH

kimin whose

*kite, kiteppe central /Proto FU [Chong]

kooza (adv.) together, jointly; kooza (prp.) together (+com) /Vaddja [fv]

köz-igaz-gat-ás administration; local government; köz-jog common law /Hungarian
köz-kincs public property; köz-rend public order /Hungarian
köz-társaság republic; common wealth /Hungarian
közön-ség public; audience; közön-es common; general; usual /Hungarian
közös common, national közös-ség community /Hungarian
közép middle, centre /Hungarian

kozoru to bring together /Japanese
kozotte in a body; en masse; as one man; unanimously; as a unit; solidly /Japanese

-gaz 'with' comitative suffix found in the Bizkaian dialect in the west /Basque

ceus "family, companion" [az96]
ceusn "family, community" [az96]
< *kiw-is [az96]
cisuita, cisvita "belonging to the clan, community" [az96]
cisum "(part) of the family" [az96]

kTTãna, kTTa (A) relatives /Lycian [cb]

Some think these Hungarian words may be linked to mag "seed". [Chong]

migara one's person /Japanese
waga my; our; one’s own; wagami oneself; myself /Japanese

macháⁿhkàssi to be by himself/herself/itself, single /Alabama [tm]

mala other, next, second (in compounds., e.g. mala-tande step-father, malacu_lu second pregnancy, second child) /Kannad.a; malu next, second /Telugu; mar.u another, other, next (Tamil, Malayalam, Kannad.a); mar id. (Kota) [sk]

*m8" (Proto FU) [Chong]

mi· , me· we (inclusive agent) [y84]

mi (prn.) what (inter.); mid (prn.) what (pl. inter.) /Vaddja [fv]
mihee (adv.) why /Vaddja [fv]
millin (prn.) what kind (inter.) /Vaddja [fv]
minee (adv.) what for /Vaddja [fv]

me (prn.) what /Erzya [fv]

Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #117> [oi4]

ma¥nit like... (Man's'i) [Chong]
minta approximate (Nganasan) [Chong]

àm who, which, what; (same) as, like (in scholarly lists). [jh]

munta (adv) look, looklike /Mandinka [pc1]

mìnta 1. another, other, else, different one, another one; 2. to be different (from before), be otherwise, be another /Alabama [tm]

*müngä rear (Proto FU) [Chong]

maka backwards [sm]

*no>k / *no>n| back /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

*=Vq_V behind /North Caucasian [ss]

*mo>GwV (~-a":-) back; body /North Caucasian [ss]

*magVd.- to turn /Dravidian [ss]

-ag, -ak verbal prefix to do, make [hh96]
aka, ak, ag, a₅ to do, act; to place; to make into (something) [jh]

aga work, to work, to make, to build. O te Atua i aga ai i te ragi, i te henua God make heaven and earth. /Rapanui [anon]

ika, acika, arika permissive or causative affix: senikaime let him go; send him (Mun.d.a_ri) (Mun.d.a_ri lex.) [sk]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 131 #2> [oi4]

*uč`e reason /Altaic [ss]

*=Ho>q.E: to do, make; to be, become /North Caucasian [ss]

a_kku (a_kki-) to effect, make, cause to be, create, arrange; creation; a_kkam creation, increase, prosperity; a_kkan- that which is artificial; a_kkiyo_n- creator, author of a book; a_kkum perhaps, indeed; a_ka completely, in that fashion, adverbial suffix /Tamil; a_kuka to be that, become that, be what it ought to be, to be right, be possible; a_kkuka to make to be that; place, put, employ; a_kkikka to cause to make; a_kkam what one puts, contentment, strength, continuance; a_ka altogether, being, so as to be /Malayalam; a.g- (a.y-/a.n-; some forms from a.-; gerunds a.r.y, a.t.y) to become; a.k- (a.yk-) to make to become, prepare (Ko.); a_gu (a_n-, a_y-, etc.), agu (rare) to come into existence, happen, become, prove, to be, be, etc.; n. becoming, coming to pass; a_gisu to cause to become, bring about, perform; a_guvike, a_guha becoming, happening, etc.; -a_gi adverbial suffix; a_m. interj. of assent of recollection /Kannad.a [sk]

a_kka to cause (Tamil) (Mun.d.a_ri lex.) [sk]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian [ak1]

Hungarian origin unknown. [Chong]

*s/@j private, oneself /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

tsek, cok, sok, sau /Ugor; tšek thick /FU Z; čoka thick /FU Ch [hh96]

súb, súg, su₈ , said of two or more, such as a herd [jh]

sako (adv) much more /Mandinka [pc1]

šgy many /Phœnician [cgj]

*cho:k crowd, group, clan /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

*c/o>k ( ~ z|/-) enough, sufficient /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

*č`ák`o many/Altaic [ss]

chōka excess /Japanese
chōki long term; time /Japanese
sūkai several times; repeatedly; often; frequently /Japanese

çuk-la much, many /Chuvash; çok much, many /Turkic [hh96]

*ĉ.H@qwV big /North Caucasian [ss]

sikka a. (sisikka) big; huge; great [ud]

Modern Hungarian has only one past tense. There is no (plu)perfect nor imperfect which are expressed by that one tense. For example

Indo-Iranian/Iranian [ak2]

-a-ta after [jh]

otte later on; afterwards; soon after /Japanese