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Etruscan Hungarian
This list is in modern alphabetical order, not Etruscan.
These lists contain 'SIMILARITIES' not alleged Etruscan-Hungarian cognates!
Do you understand?, Verstehen Sie?, Comprenez-vous?, ¿Entiende?, Capisce?
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sac-, śac-, sac-a, sac-ri
"carrying out a sacred act, to consecrate" [glb, mp68, dep, pa] /Etruscanszok- to get used to, get accustomed to /Hungarian
szok-ás habit, custom; szok-ás-os usual, customary /Hungarian
Uralic
Could a "ritual act" whether sacred or not also be seen in the light of the "customs" belonging to a people?
Altaic
zoku customs; manners /Japanese
(1) Indo-European
Slavic
šega custom /Serbo-Croatian
zvyk custom /Slovak
(2) Indo-European
see Latin săcer, -cra, -crum sacred, holy, consecrated; in bad sense 'accursed' , 'devoted to destruction', 'horrible'; săcerdōs, -dōtis a priest, priestess
see Greek hagios "holy" [dep]
see Oscan sakoro "sacred" [dep]
see Hittite saklai "custom" [dep]
see Indo-European *sak- "to consecrate" [pa]
szak age, era, period; branch, profession, subject; division, part, section; stanza, strophe, verse /Hungarian
szak-ma trade; profession; szak-ács cook /Hungarian
Uralic
Officially, Hungarian szak- is of FU origin.
(?) *s'ukk3 (Proto FU); *s'akk3 (Proto Ugric) [Chong]
Officially, Hungarian szakma is from szakmány "contract" which is possibly related to szakad- "rip". which is considered a derivative of szak "age", "era", etc. [Chong]
Can 'cooking' or 'manufacturing' be thought of as a 'ritual act'?
Altaic
shoku an office; a post; duties; service; employment; work; a job; profession; a trade /Japanese
shokugyō an occupation, a calling; a profession; a trade /Japanese
suku to make, manufacture /Japanese
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian
Iranian
shakh a branch, bough, shoot, sucker, twig; a horn, antler; the arm, from the tip of the finger to the shoulder; the leg, from the groin to the foot; a small cut from a main stream; the spur of a cock; a rib; a bit, piece; a gusset, gore; the forehead; the main beam in the roof of a house; etc. /Persian [fjs]
shákh branch. P. /N. Baluchi [mld]
Indo-Aryan
zAkhA branch (lit. & fig.); limb, arm, leg, finger; ramification, subdivision, species, sort, branch of a Veda, i.e. Vedic school. /Sanskrit [iits2]
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Watch, look, see;
sem(niśsi)
'(seeing) eyes' /Etruscan [alinei]szem 'eye' /Hungarian
Uralic [Chong]
Hungarian szem is seen as of FU origin.
*silmä (Proto Uralic)
silm (Estonian); silmä (Finnish); sem (Khanty); s'in (Komi); ĉâl'bme (Lapp); säm, šäm (Man's'i); šin'dz'a (Eastern Mari - derivative); sinzä (Western Mari - derivative); sel'me (Md) / s'im, s'in (Udmurt)
sej, þej (En'ec'); sajma, sima (Kamas); häem, säew, sew (N'en'ec'); s'ajme, s'&jme (Nganasan); hæj, sajï, sæjj@, sej (Šölqup)
Sumerian [Chong]
sim to see through, etc.
Altaic [Chong]
Turkic
synĉla- observe (Kuman); sana- observe (Tatar)
Mongol
sube eye of a needle (Classical Mongol)
Tungus
sen eye of a needle (Manchu)
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian
čam(m)
'eye' /Baluchi [ak1][alinei]'s interpretation is used to 'link' these words
sem(niśsi)
'(looking, watching) eyes' /Etruscan [alinei]nézésű
'appearing' /HungarianUralic
Hungarian nézésű
< nézés 'look' + adjectival/verbal suffix -ű which ascribes the attribute of 'watching'
< né-z 'to look, watch' (-z is a frequentative suffix) [alinei]
natis
"wise, seer" /Etruscan [az96]naz-ir
"seers" of the old religion /Old Hungarian [hh96]Uralic
nätšeä to see; to look; nätšijä (n.) witness /Vaddja [fv]
netez, neteződik to watch, look at smtg. /Székely Hungarian (Transylvania)
naz-ir
"seers" of the old religion /Old Hungarian [hh96]Hungarian néz is officially of FU origin.
*näke- see; watch /Proto FU [Chong]
neili
to watch /Vogul; niutaGe watch /Ostjak; naani /VotjakAfro-Asiatic
Semitic
ns.r to watch /Phœnician [cgj]
ntr to see, watch, observe, guard./Semitic Root [ahd]
naşā
ru to guard, protect /Akkadian [ahd]nwTr N nwTr) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr custody; 2 Syr preservation; 3 Syr watching; 4 Syr conservation; 5 Syr observance
LS2 427
LS2 V: nuwTArA)
abs. voc: nuwTAr
nTr V /Aramaic [cal]
peal_1 passim to watch
__2 passim to keep, to observe
__3 BibArDan,Palestinian,Syr to retain in memory
__4 Syr to beware
__5 Syr,JBA to await
__6 Syr to notice
__7 Syr w. %dwkth% to assume another's duties
__8 Syr %)eblA)% to mourn
ethpeel_1 Syr,JBA to be watched
__2 Syr to be saved
pael_1 JBA,Palestinian,Syr to guard
__2 Palestinian to keep in memory
ethpaal_1 Syr to be saved
__2 JBA to be preserved
(h)afel_1 Syr to order to guard
__2 Syr to entrust
__3 Syr to reserve
LS2 426
@@rh N nTrt) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Mand safekeeping, watching
Mand: naTarta
nTrh N nTrt) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr,Mand safekeeping, watching
Mand: naTarta
Altaic
Turkic
n@z@r- (Azeri); nazar look, glance; the evil eye; nezaret supervision (Turkish); nazar aspect, look (Uzbek) [Chong]
nazar look, glance; view, sight /Turkmen [glnp]
Japanese
nozoki a peep; nozoku to look
Austro-Asiatic
najari, nanjari blind of one eye (Mun.d.a_ri) (Mun.d.a_ri lex.) [sk]
Dravidian
nazar 1) sight; 2) sight of a gun; 3) evil eye /Brahui
ne_t.u (ne_t.i-) to seek, look out for, desire, consider, aim at (Tamil); nit.t.isu to look at, look at much, inquisitively or sternly, stare (Kannad.a) (DEDR 3766) [sk]
o_kku (no_kki-) to see, look at, behold, view, consider, reflect, regard, pay attention to, arrange, put in order, keep, protect, save, do, perform, resemble, compare, read, desire; n. eye, sight, look, beauty, meaning, intention, knowledgeness, greatness, mode, style; no_kkam eye, eyesight, look, gaze, glance, view, aspects of a planet, appearance, expression, cast of countenance, beauty, attractiveness, watch, design, object, intention, aim, sense, intelligence, attention, observa-tion, desire, indication, sign (Tamil); no_t.t.am examination of coins, assaying, scrutiny of gems, precious metals, etc., value, criticism as by a rival artist or workman, attempt at wit, endeavour to excel, hinder or baffle another in speech (Tamil); no_t.t.am viewing, examination, experienced eye, sharp sight, shroffage, fortune-telling; no_kkuka to look at, view, observe, look after, examine, be in a certain direction, seek, consider, regard, intend; no_kkam view, beauty, eye; no_kkal a look (Malayalam); no.t.- (no.c-) to look at, look for, examine, be looked at; no.t., no.t.m (obl. no.t.t-) a sight (Kota); no_kku look, watchfulness, sight, beauty (Malayalam); nwi.t. (nwi.t.y-) to look at; nwi.t. a sight (Toda); no_d.u to look, look on, look at, view, behold, look after, examine, consider, take care, see; no_d.uvike looking etc.; no_d.isu to cause to look; no_t.a looking at or on, viewing, behold, look after, examine, consider, take care, see; no_d.uvike looking etc.; no_d.isu to cause to look; no_t.a looking at or on, viewing, beholding, seeing, examination, a sight, spectacle, sight, the power of seeing, a look, appearance; no_t.aka a looker-on, spectator, eyewitness (Kannad.a); no.t.- (no.t.i-) to look at (Kod.agu); no_t.a sight, view, vision, aim; no_d.a_runi, no_d.a_vuni to point at, show; nu_t.a_vuni to show (Tulu)(DEDR 3794).[sk]
Etruscan
natis "wise, seer" [az96]
nethśra haruspicina; netśvis haruspex [lb]
(1) Indo-European
Slavic
nadzirati to supervise, oversee, inspect, control /Serbo-Croatian
nazočan present, attendant; witness; nazor opinion, view /Serbo-Croatian
názor opinion /Slovak
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
nazar (v.n.), Looking at, beholding, seeing, gazing upon, viewing, turning the eyes or the mind towards, scanning; attending to; considering, pondering, weighing, measuring, rating, valuing, estimating; pride, selfesteem; sight, vision, view; look, glance; an oversight; doubt, uncertainty, perplexity /Persian [fjs]
nazur one who attentively looks at another he likes; one who is looked upon or revered above all others, a venerable or respectable man /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
n∂z∂r eyesight; the evil eye /Baluchi [mab]
Indo-Aryan
netra eye; (leader) /Sanskrit
Supposed to derive from root nī "lead, guide, conduct, carry (off)" /Sanskrit
(2) Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1
noos
(I). 1. mind, as employed in perceiving and thinking, sense, wit; 2. a. to have sense, be sensible, b. to have one's mind directed to something; 3. mind, more widely, as employed in feeling, deciding, etc., heart; 4. mind, resolve, purpose; 5. reason, intellect; (II). 1. act of mind, thought; 2. purpose, design; (III). sense, meaning of a word, etc.,
Etymology is apparently obscure.
ni! nini! look!; lo!; behold! /Hungarian
Uralic
nää to see /Vaddja [fv]
né-z 'to look, watch' /Hungarian
(-z is a frequentative suffix) [alinei]
naa! interj here! /Vaddja [fv]
ni! nini! look!; lo!; behold! /Hungarian
Sumerian
nu
image, likeness; máš look, inspectNiger-Congo (?)
ñ (v) to see; ñaa (n) eye, etc /Mandinka [pc1]
Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
nau look, behold; sight, view, vision /Coptic Egyptian [cgj]
Semitic
Cognate Set <Newman et al. (1966) , #90> [oi4]
Chadic
ina see /Bole(wa); na see /Sura; na see /Tera
nan see /Mandara; na see /Zumu (dial. of Bata)
Cognate Set <Newman (1977) , #111> [oi4]
Chadic
*na see /Proto Chadic
na see /Bachama; naa see /Karekare
na see /Tera; nahau see /Warji
Indo-European
e:n
"look there!" /Proto Indo-European [ryan]nû, inj. behold, lo! /Old High German
Blackfoot (Algonquian)
in-i (vti) / in-o (vta), "see" [ryan]
Muskogean/Eastern
má! má! look out!, watch out, hey!, wait! there! /Alabama [tm]
Usage: To draw someone's attention to. [tm]
From or related to
ma 1. that way; that one (distal; previously mentioned) /Alabama [tm]
Yuki
nąw-
see [y84]![]()
SMALLNESS, REDUCTION, NEED, WANT
to cut, smash [az96] /Etruscancsák "plow" /Hungarian
szaggat to rip, rend /Hungarian
szak-ít to rip, tear; szak-ad to fall; tear, rend /Hungarian
szeg to cut, chip, slice /Hungarian
Uralic
soka (n.) plow; sokams (v.) to plow /Erzya [fv]
csák "plow" /Hungarian
Hungarian csák is obsolete. [Chong]
zocoztia "tore" (past tense) /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} (Modern, szakasztotta) [gzb1]
szaggat to rip, rend /Hungarian
-gat is the frequentive suffix of action.
also see Hungarian cikk
Sumerian
suh (2,3,5) v., to uproot, displace; to relocate, transfer; to become confused [jh]
zìg to expend, go out, uproot; zuh to steal, to rob [jh]
sig3,11 to chop down; sè(g) subdue, to subject [jh]
Niger-Congo (?)
suxi (v.) to uproot, pluck /Wollof [pc2]
Afro-Asiatic
skз to plough /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Austro-Asiatic
cagar. , cagat to tear off; surka to strip off (Santali.lex.) [sk]
sigi to cut deeply with axe (Santali.lex.) [sk]
Altaic
Turkic
saka divide, watershed /Turkmen [glnp]
sökmek 1. to take apart 2. to rip out a seam 3. to plow 4. to reinvestigate;
sökülmek to rip out a seam /Turkmen [glnp]
Japanese
saku, sakeru to tear, split, cleave, rip; sogu to chip; slice off
saku, suku to plough, till; to break up (land)
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*šąγ
- to dig, to dig out (рыть, копать) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1132]rąγ
- (I) /Chukchee; jąγ-, -cąγ- (I) /Koryak; t(ą)γ- /Alutor [ss]Sino-Tibetan
*s/e:k cleave, split /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "split"
xi 1 Modern (Beijing) < siek Middle Chinese < se:k Old Chinese [ss]
ãc/heg (p. bs/ags, f. bs/ag, i. s/og to break, to split, gs/og / bs/og (p. gs/ags, bs/ags, f. gs/ag, bs/ag, i. gs/og) to cleave, to split, to tear. /Tibetan
*z|he/k /Kiranti [ss]
Basque
saki
(LN) a large tear in clothing; sakitu to cut, make an incision (L,LN,U) /BasqueDravidian
sugi to tear off, strip off, peel (Kannad.a); coxna_ to pluck, cull (Kur.ux); coge to pluck off, set free; cogre to drop off, get free (Malt.o)(DEDR 2644). [sk]
cakkai chips (Tamil); cake rind of fruits (Tamil); cekku to pare, cut the side or rind of; n. the rind or parings of fruits, etc. (Telugu); cekka piece (Naikri, Gondi); sek to plane, fashion things out of wood (Kond.a); sespa planing, scraping (?Kui); sesa shavings (?Kui); seka piece (?Kui); cakta_ a slice (Kur.ux); cegla_ chip, splinter (Kur.ux); caka a slice ; (Malt.o)(DEDR 2748). [sk]
sigul.u, si_l., si_l.u to split, to be cleft; splitting; a split, a fragment, a piece (Kannad.a); sigur-, sigur-u, sibar-u, sivar-u, sivur-u a splinter (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]
sigasu
to have split as wood; sigi to split as wood; to tear or rend with teeth as sugarcane /Kannad.a; sekke, cakke a chip; sekku to put in, to insert; serku id. /Kannad.a; cakke, cekke, sakke, sekke (Tadbhava of s'alka) a chip of wood /Kannad.a; cakke, cekke /Telugu; cakkai /Tamil; cakke a chip of wood or of stone /Kannad.a; cekku /Telugu; sigul.u, si_l., si_l.u to split, to be cleft; splitting; a split, a fragment, a piece /Kannad.a [sk]cu_gna_ to harrow (Kur.ux); cge to poke, stir; cgure to poke, pick (as one's teeth or ear)(Malt.o)(DEDR 2719)[sk]
(1) Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian
sukustan to be broken or torn up /Persian [fjs]
shaqq (v.n.) splitting, tearing; cutting (a tooth); being difficult, troublesome (any work); remaining open (the eye of a corpse); being separate from one's people; separating, scattering; throwing into difficulties, paining, grieving; a fissure, crack, crevice; a half; day-break, dawn [shaqq khwurdan, To be or become split;<-> shaqq zadan (kardan), To tear, split, divide;]; shuquq (pl. of shaqq), Fissures, rents, crevices, chinks. /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
shaqa'iq (pl. of shaqiqat) fissures, cracks; etc. /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
shaqb, shiqb a cleft in a mountain or rock; a narrow pass between two hills; etc. /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
shiqqat the half, especially of anything split or torn the long way; a chip of wood; a rag of cloth /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
(2) Indo-European
Reconstruction
*sek cut /PIE [js]
Italic
sĕco sĕcare sĕcŭi sectum, to cut, amputate, to wound, hurt; to divide, part /Latin
Slavic
sjeći
hew, chop; split; lop, prune /Serbo-CroatianMayan
Chorti [cw]
suk 'a cutting, a trim'
suki 'cut off, trim, pare' (cl.1)
tz'ohk (from c'ok) 'broken part or half, piece, broken off end'
tz'ok 'a breaking, a snapping in two, an opening up'
tz'okem 'broken'
tz'okemir 'a break, a snap'
tz'oki 'break a thing, break in two, pull apart, open up' (cl.1)
tz'okbah 'break in two of itself, open itself up (said of the sky, meaning "to rain")'
Muskogean/Eastern
chikoffi to cut a piece (of meat), slice a piece (of meat) /Alabama [tm]
chikòoli to cut meat, slice meat, butcher (plural objects) /Alabama [tm]
seka
to fall, founder [az96] /Etruscanszak-ad to fall, drop; tear, rend /Hungarian
Ainu
cikka to drop [sm]
szak
ad-ék abyss, precipice, gap /Hungarian < szak-ad to fall, drop; tear, rend /HungarianSumerian
sukud
, zugud height, depth; tall, high [jh]Altaic
suki, sukima crevice, chink, gap,crack /Japanese
Indo-European
psu^gma, atos, to IV. chink, fissure /Classical Greek [lsj1]
suka
a crack, a gorge, a pass [id] /Thracianśuci, śucic, sucix
piece, part [az96] /Etruscancsak
only, nothing but /HungarianAinu
tek (suffix) a little [sm]
Altaic
*žōk`e
nearly, hardly /Altaic [ss]*jōk
/Turcshika particle used with a negative meaning "no more than, only, no other than, etc." /Japanese
Quechua
shuclla only [q1]
chikalla just; only {chika "so much; so strong" + -lla "modesty" [q2]
csek
-ély small, trifling {/cs/ similar to Basque /tx/ or English /ch/} /HungarianUralic
*s'ukke
small piece /UgrianSumerian
sig9 narrow [jh]
sug4 , sù ; su (v.) to strip naked, lay bare; to empty; (adj.) empty, destitute.[jh]
Hurrian
zug@ 'small, short' [ss]
Niger-Congo (?)
seekee (adj) skint; sekeeriŋ. sekeeta (adj) skint, penniless /Mandinka [pc1]
Afro-Asiatic
Egyptian
sh.w^ shorten /Old Egyptian [cgj]
sk empty (M.E.) (%t body,of words) /Old Egyptian [cgj]
skn be greedy, lust after /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Semitic
śyk
to be(come) narrow, constricted /Semitic Root [ahd]Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 646b #6> [oi4]
Cushitic, Agaw
jeg*a worthless, bad, ugly /Bilin
Cushitic, East
deega poor /Oromo
zeega poor /Qabena
Semitic
zegaa poor, subject, client /Geez
Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 111 #> [oi4]
Cushitic, East
dikk'- small /Proto East Cushitic
t'ikk'- narrow / Proto Highland East Cushitic
c#'ikk'-ad/- narrow /Burji
t'ukk'- small /Hadiyya
d/iggo small /Oromo
Ainu
sak to be lacking, to be without [sm]
Altaic
*c'`iku
few, poor/Altaic [ss]*c'ikán
/Turc*sä'gu
shallow/Altaic [ss]*siga-r
/Mongol*sik`u
small, few /Altaic [ss]*sik
/Turc*sio:k`u to be hollow, crack /Altaic [ss]
*suk- 1 to stick in, insert 2 hollow wood, whistle /Turkic
*sekeg|e / *segeg|e crack, hole /Mongolian
*si:k- 1 polynya 2 hollow vessel, whistle 3 to put into, insert /Tungus
*sky/-m, *ski/- 1 crack 2 to insert, to sheath /Korean
*suk- 1 to be hollow 2 crack, hole /Japanese [ss]
Turkic
cik, -cîk diminitive suffix; sîkî tight /Turkish
Japanese
chikai, short; early; immediate; near; close; shiganai poor; miserable; wretched; sukoshi little; small quantity; sukenai little; few; scanty; sukunai few; little; rare; scanty; meagre
Sino-Tibetan
*Ce>k ( ~ C/-, -i@-) emaciated /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "emaciated; suffering"
ji 2 Modern (Beijing) < z|jek Middle Chinese < z|(h)ek ( ~ z|/-) Old Chinese
c/ac/ to loose weight. /Burmese [ss]
Basque
zeken stingy, miserly; zikoitz niggardly; greedy
txiki-tu (B,G,U) to make small; to reduce; to rip
Caucasian
*z^|i>k.wA> / *k.i>z^|wA> short /North Caucasian [ss]
* ĉ.ik.:w|V- small, short (in height) /Andian [ss]
ĉ.ik.:u-b /Chamalal [ss]
* ĉ:i[k.]V- short /Lezghian [ss]
z^iq:i /Tabasaran; z^aq:e-f /Agul; z^|yk-dy /Rutul; ?z^|it.a-na /Tsakhur [ss]
*k./ac^.w|@ short /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
a-k./a/ ĉ. Abkhaz; ĉ./a ĉ./@ Adyghe; ĉ.as./ Circassian [ss]
*c./_wa":qV few /North Caucasian [ss]
*c.o|x|:- few /Tsezian [ss]
c.ox|x|u /Inkhokvari [ss]
*c.iq.w|- few /Dargwa [ss]
c.i:q.w|aj /Chiragh [ss]
*c^.w|eq.(a) (~-a"-,-i-) few /Lezghian [ss]
c^.uq. /Agul [ss]
Dravidian
*ĉik- small /Dravidian [ss]
*ĉik- small /South Dravidian [ss]
cikka in brief, in a nutshell /Tamil; cikkin.i young, small (said of girls) Malayalam; cikka, ciga little, small, young /Kannada; ci:ku smallness, littleness of size, used of grain and pulse; cikkatana childhood, youth /Kannada; cikk-ad.ake very young, tender areca-nut /Kodagu; cikka little, young, small, short /Tulu; cikini tender, young, small; cikke\ a dwarf; (B-K) cikkeli a small variety of mouse /Tulu [ss]
cikku (cikki-) to become lean or emaciated; cikal (cikalv-, cikan-r--) to diminish, decrease, perish; n. want, ruin (Tamil); cikk- (cikki-) to become tired; cikki numb sensation of mouth produced by areca-nut (Kod.agu); cikku to become lean or thin (Telugu); sik- (-t-) to be reduced (as body), fail (in flesh), pine in fear, etc. (Kond.a)(DEDR 2503). [sk]
cak lean (of meat); cakn lean man; fem. caky (Kota); cakku, cekku stunted, short, lean; cakke a weakling, lean person (Tulu)(DEDR 2268). [sk]
Indo-European
Celtic
siogaid a starveling, lean person /Gaelic. [mcb]
Slavic
sićenje
satiating, sating; sićušan tiny, minute, microscopic; petty, trifling, paltry; narrow-mindedness; sićušnost smallness, puniness; trifling matter; narrow-mindedness /Serbo-CroatianAlbanian
i/e cekët shallow
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
zakk (v.n.) squeezing, pressing; straightening /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
shaqi poor, miserable, wretched; insolent; villainous, vicious. /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] says the Persian is found in Arabic but the origin is uncertain.
zaiq, ziq (v.n.) being narrow, strait, or tight; being close, covetous; being unable to hold; tightness; anguish, vexation, grief, melancholy; straits, difficulties; dilemma; [ziqu 's-sadr ('n-nafas), Difficulty of breathing, asthma;] -- zaiyiq, Strait, narrow; close, miserly /Persian
[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
zaiqat narrow circumstances, poverty, straits; one of the mansions of the moon; a tract between Ta'if and Hunain /Persian
[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.
Indo-Aryan
sUcIvaktra having a mouth or aperture as pointed as a needle , too narrow; sUcImukha the point of a needle; a partic. hell BhP. ; n. having a beak &c. as sharp as a nñneedle AV. Pan5cat. ; pointed or sharp as a needle MBh. ; narrow; sUkSma minute , small , fine , thin , narrow , short , feeble , trifling , insignificant , unimportant /Sanskrit [sk]
Blackfoot (Algonquin)
sikk decrease the mass of, lower
Muskogean/Eastern
sikóopa to be poor, be destitute, suffer hardship, be shabby; to be weak, feeble, sickly /Alabama [tm]
{poss. from /sikóopa-a} [tm]
Quechua
chikallanta a little {chikalla " just; only" + -nta "through, across"} [q2]
chuqu narrow and long [q2]
Ulwa
sikitnaka vt. (sikitpi) squeeze (e.g. in fist); crush with hand [ud]
sukutnaka vt. (sukutpi) clench; clinch [ud]
Yuki
tcuk fall4 off [y84]
csik
ó foal /HungarianAfro-Asiatic
Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #122> [oi4]
Cushitic, Agaw
c#@gw- small (to be) /Proto North Agaw
Cushitic, South
ts'igan- offspring/young /Proto Rift
Caucasian
*ĉ.a">ku> / *ĉa">k.u> young (of animals), boy /North Caucasian [ss]
*ĉik.e A kid /Tsezian [ss]
ĉik.i /Khvarshi; ĉik.e /Inkhokvari; ĉik.e /Bezhita; ĉik.e /Gunzib [ss]
ĉ.aku kid (less than 2-3 y. old) /Lak [ss]
*ĉ.ik.a chicken /Dargwa [ss]
*ĉ.a"k.u-j goat less than 2 years old /Lezghian [ss]
ĉ.ak.u /Agul [ss]
*ĉ./@k.w|@ 1 young boy, youngster 2 small /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]
a/- ĉ./k.w|@n 1 /Abkhaz; ĉ./k.w@n 1,2 /Abaza [ss]
szikk
to dry /HungarianBasque
siku (B) arid
xukatu (U) to drain, dry (something) off; to remove water from
Dravidian
cukku (cukki-) to get dry /Tamil; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel; cukku dry /Malayalam [sk]
Indo-European
Greek
psuchô dry, make dry /Classical Greek [lsj1]
Italic
siccus
dry /Latinzsug
or-od to shrink; zsugor-i miser, niggard // miserly, niggardly /HungarianSumerian
sig9 narrow [jh]
Afro-Asiatic
sgrh. to quell, make to cease /Old Egyptian [cgj]
Altaic/Turkic
ÿygryl-mak 1. to shrink, be shy 2. to waver /Turkmen [glnp]
ÿygyr-mak 1. to crumple, twist, wrinkle 2. to draw in /Turkmen [glnp]
Basque
xuhur miserly; tight-fisted (with money)
zuhur wise, sensible, cautious, prudent; observant, shrewd, keen; stingy, economical, thrifty
Dravidian
surku, sukku to contract, shrivel, shrink, fade; surku, sukku, sun:ku, sokku contracting, shrivelling, shrinking, a wrinkle /Kannad.a; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel (Malayalam) [sk]
Indo-European
Celtic
sgrog, sgrogag anything shrivelled, a shrivelled old woman, old cow or ewe /Gaelic, sgrog, shrivel; from the Scottish scrog, a stunted bush, sgroggy, stunted, English scraggy, Danish skrog, Swed. skrokk, anything shrunken, Norse skrokkr; sgruigean neck of a bottle, the neck (in ridicule) /Gaelic, Irish sgruigín, neck of a bottle, short-necked person; sgruit an old shrivelled person, a thin person /Gaelic, Irish sgruta, an old man, sgrutach, lean, sgrut, a contemptible person; cf. Norse skrudda, a shrivelled skin, old scroll [mcb]
Slavic
skratiti to shorten, abbreviate, cut, abridge, reduce in size; contract /Serbo-Croatian
skrb care; thrift, thriftiness; concern, worry; sorrow /Serbo-Croatian
skrbiti be thrifty, save /Serbo-Croatian
skrutiti to stiffen; solidify; coagulate, set, curdle /Serbo-Croatian
škrt stingy, avaricious, mean, miserly /Serbo-Croatian
skrčiť sa shrink /Slovak
Indo-Iranian
Iranian/Avestan
zhghórem keep /Pashto [tr] ?
Indo-Aryan/Sanskrit
su~gor.an.
to shrink /Lahnda_; sa~gor.n.a_, su~gor.n.a_ to contract, draw up (as the arms and legs) /Punja_bi_; sakor.na_, sikor.na_, si~kor.na_ to contract, compress, crumple together; suker.na_, saker.na_ /Hindi_; sa~_gur.o narrow/Kumauni_; sa~_guro /Nepa_li; sa~_kur /Or.iya_; sa~_kar narrow; n. narrow lane /Hindi_; sakra_ tight, narrow /Hindi_; sa~_kr.u~ /Gujara_ti_; sa~_kad., sa~_kd.a_ tight, narrow /Mara_t.hi_; sa~_kad., sa~_kd.e~ a difficulty /Mara_t.hi_ [sk]POINTEDNESS, EDGE, BORDER, SUDDENNESS, ANGULARITY, SEVERITY
ś
aca point; śacri to fix, fasten; śacrni sharp, pointed [az96] /Etruscancsák
-ány pickaxe; csáklya grappling hook/iron; pickaxe; csák plow [archaic] /HungarianUralic
süng
a wedge /UgrianSumerian
sukur
spear, lance [jh]Scythian
sag-aris
battle ax [Herodotus]Afro-Asiatic
Semitic
sikkatu peg; zaqpu pointed /Akkadian [oi3]
skh N skt) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA nail 2 Palestinian,Syr ploughshare 3 Syr wedge 4 Syr wart 5 JBA thorn 6 Palestinian peg
LS2 472
LS2 v: sek.t_A)
skyn N skyn) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA knife
LS2 474, J 990
pl: s:ak.iyne)
LS2 v: sak.iyn
xcyn N xcyn) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr,JBA axe
LS2 251
LS2 V: xaciynA)
syqwr N syqwr) /Aramaic [cal]
1 JLATg,Syr axe
LS2 496
LS2 v: siyquwrA)
Altaic
*ŝiuk`e to carve, tear /Altaic [ss]
*so"k- to split, tear apart /Turkic [ss]
so"k- Old Turkic; so"k- Turkmen [ss]
*su"ke axe /Mongolian [ss]
suke (SH) /Middle Mongolian; su"x /Khalkha; su"k@ /Kalmuck; sugu, suge: /Dagur; sugo /Monguor [ss]
*ŝuk- 1 chisel 2 to carve, engrave 3 to hit (with horns), butt, strike 4 notches on bow ends /Tungus [ss]
ŝuki- 3, ŝukun 4 /Manzhu; ĉuktuli- 2 (On.) /Nanai [ss]
*sa\ki/- to carve, engrave /Korean [ss]
sa\ki/- /Middle Korean [ss]
*s[e:]ĉ wise, careful /Altaic [ss]
*seĉ- to choose, select /Turkic
*seĉe-n wise, clever /Mongolian
*sa:ĉe be careful /Tungus
*sa/t@/- ( ~ -ua) wise /Japanese [ss]
Turkic
sygys
a wedge /AncTurkicTungus
suhe axe; suhecen a small axe /Manchu [as]
Japanese
sōga
claws and teeth; fangsAustric
toki, piau axe /Mäori [ng]
Caucasian
*c.@q.V ( ~ -o>-,-e>-) sharp /North Caucasian [ss]
*c.o|q.V- ( ~ -o-) sharp /Tsezian [ss]
c.oq.iju /Tsezi; c.oq.q.u /Khvarshi
*c.aq.- sharp /Dargwa [ss]
c.aq.-si /Akusha [ss]
Dravidian
cakna_ to sharpen an edge instrument, whet (Kurux.); cake to sharpen, whet (Malt.o)(DEDR 2277). [sk]
Indo-European
Italic
see Latin sac- [az96]
see Latin sagax "shrewd, acute", sagio, staca [az96]
sĕcūris
-is, axe, hatchet; esp. the headman's axe, hence supreme power, Roman supremacy; sĭca -ae dagger, dirk, poniard [Cassell]Indo-Iranian
Iranian
tshakush, tshaakuss hammer /Pashto [tr]
chakhmakh a battle-axe fastened to the saddle; etc /Persian [fjs]
chakhmagh, chakhmaq a kind of battle-axe; etc /Persian [fjs]
[fjs] says chakhmagh, chakhmaq also in Turkish without proof positive to which it belongs originally
Indo-Aryan
sUcIvaktra having a mouth or aperture as pointed as a needle , too narrow; sUcImukha the point of a needle; a partic. hell BhP. ; n. having a beak &c. as sharp as a nñneedle AV. Pan5cat. ; pointed or sharp as a needle MBh. ; narrow; sUkSma minute , small , fine , thin , narrow , short , feeble , trifling , insignificant , unimportant; sUca a pointed shoot or blade of Kus3a grass; f. pointing out , indication Ja1takam. ; piercing; gesticulation; spying out , sight , seeing; sUcI a needle or any sharppointed instrument (e.g. `" a needle used in surgery "' , `" a magnet "' &c.) RV.; the sharp point or tip of anything or any pointed object Ka1v. [sk]
Quechua
chici splinter; chuki spear [q2]
Ulwa
suksuk
spear, lance [ud]Yuki
są(·)k, sah-ahk, sŭk', sa
nk, sükh tooth, teeth [y84]csecs
pap, nipple /HungarianAltaic
*č`ăjižV breast /Altaic [ss]
*čijči /Turc
*čegeži /Mongol
*ča(i)ža-n /Tungus
*čjóč /Korean
*tì, *tìti /Japan [ss]
Dravidian
ca_ci mother's milk (nursery)/Tamil; ca_ci, ta_ci a childish word for the female breast /Kannad.a; ca_ci woman's breast /Telugu [sk]
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian
Iranian
chuchu a nipple /Persian [fjs]
Indo-Aryan
cu_cuka nipple (R.Pali.); cucuka, cucu_ka /Sanskrit; cu_a /Prakrit; cuci /Sanskrit [sk]
Quechua
chuchu nipple, breast [q1]
chichiy to suckle; to nurse; to give milk [q2]
chuchuchiy to suckle; to nurse; to give milk [q2]
csúcs point; summit, pinnacle; csücske point, tip; corner /Hungarian
Altaic
*ĉ`[i]ĉ`V spout, prick, penis /Altaic [ss]
*ĉiĉi- 1 to prick 2 prick, thorn, sprout /Mongolian [ss]
ĉiĉigina 'herb root' /Middle Mongolian; ĉiĉi- 1, ĉiĉu":r 2 /Khalkha; ĉiĉ@- 1, ĉiĉu":r, ĉiĉe|:sn. 2 /Kalmuck; ĉiĉi- 1 /Dagur [ss]
*ĉiĉ 1 penis 2 spout (of a tea-pot) /Tungus [ss]
ĉoĉo 1 /Manzhu; ĉi.ĉi.qo 2 /Nanai; ĉi.ĉu. 1,2 /Ulcha; tu.tu. 1 /Orok [ss]
*ĉa:>ĉi penis /Korean [ss]
ĉa:z^|i (orth. ĉa:>ĉi), ĉot (orth. ĉoĉ) /Modern Korean [ss]
Turkic
çiçeñ to the point, right; çiçeñ atïghcï good marksman; çiçeñ çooxtandï s/he spoke to the point, hit the mark /Khakas [kl]
Japanese
chōjō
mountain top, summit, peakCaucasian
*c.o>c.V ( ~ c._) tip, spout /North Caucasian [ss]
*c.uc.- ( ~ -o-) spout (of a tea-pot, jar) /Nakh [ss]
c.uzam /Chechen [ss]
*c.oc.(a) 1. spout (of a tea-pot) 2. clitoris; ring-stone /Lezghian [ss]
c.uc. /Lezghi; c.yc. 2 /Kryz [ss]
Muskogean/Eastern
chiichi penis Usage: Euphemism, nursery word /Alabama [tm]
Sardu/Sardinian
cùccuru "peak (of a mountain)" [slc]
A pre-Roman word [slc]
Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian
čuč
sprout, tendril, baby plant; little finger /Baluchi [mab]szeg 1) measure of land (archaic); 2) nail; 3) to break an oath /Hungarian
szegély hem, seam, border, edge, margin /Hungarian
Sumerian
zag, zà boundary, border, limit, side; cusp, beginning; territory, district, place; sanctuary; percentage; a measure for fish; shoulder; right (side); front; outside of [jh]
Altaic
*ĉ`ake boundary, section /Altaic [ss]
* ĉ ygyr 1 boundary, limit 2 small path /Turkic [ss]
ĉ yg|yr 2 /Old Turkic; ĉ ygyr 2 /Turkish [ss]
ĉ ygyr 1 /Turkmen [ss]
* ĉ ig direction /Mongolian [ss]
ĉ ig /Khalkha [ss]
* ĉ aki- 1 partition (in house) 2 to tread a path /Tungus [ss]
ĉ axin 1 /Manzhu; ĉ aki- 2 /Evenki [ss]
* ĉ ha/i section of a building /Korean [ss]
ĉ ha/i Middle Korean; ĉ ha" Modern Korean [ss]
*siga border, interval /Altaic [ss]
*sygra 1 valley 2 interval between two fingers /Turkic [ss]
syg|ra 1, syg|raq 2 /Old Turkic [ss]
*sig- interval /Tungus [ss]
si, sidu /Manzhu; hidla /Even; sigdile: /Evenki [ss]
*sa\ka\pi\ border /Japanese [ss]
sa\ka\pji\ Old Japanese; sakai Tokyo [ss]
Turkic
çagha girdle, seam, edge /Khakas < CT *yaka [kl]
In Sagay, Koybal dialects obsol collar [kl]
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*cą.cqa.-
"the cord of average/mean thickness" (шнур средней толщины) 1; "to edge" (оторочить) 2 /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1565]ina-ccącqat-
(III) 2 /Koryak; cącqa-nγeŋ1 /Palan [ss]Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1]
si_ga^l-ôma, atos, to,
I. instrument for smoothing or polishing, esp. of shoemakers for smoothing leather; II. border, edging of a dress
Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
síc (f.) hem of a garment or robe /Sanskrit
szék
chair, seat, throne /HungarianAltaic
Turkic
*säki, *sakü /Old Turkic [Chong]
saGõ, sak bench, etc. (Chuvash); säkü bench (Kipchak); seki base of a column or pillar; a stone that is used for sitting (Turkish); säkü booth, stall; counter (in a store); platform (Turk - Kashgari)
seki porch /Turkmen [glnp]
tsek "couch, bed" /Cuman [pbg]
Mongol
següke, seüke portable chair (Literary Mongol) [Chong]
Japanese
seki
a seat; one's place; sûki helm of stateIndo-European/Indo-Iranian
Iranian
tshawki chair /Pashto [tr]
sako, suko a sofa, settle, bench, garden-seat /Persian [fjs]
Indo-Aryan
cau~ki
_ stool /Sindhi_; cauki_ square low seat /Hindi_; caukho, cauko wooden seat /Kumauni_; cauki chair /Nepa_li; coki_ square low seat /Gujara_ti_; cauk square /Lahnda_; cok square, market, number four /Gujara_ti_; caukkka set of four, cross-roads, square /Prakrit; cau~ku frame of door, square; cau~ko figure 4/Sindhi_; cak increased by four (Bhoj.); cauk square, market /Hindi_; cok square, market, number four /Gujara_ti_; coko quadrangular spot, cooking place/Gujara_ti_ [sk]Muskogean/Eastern
chiika2 to sit, take a seat, settle down (of several) /Alabama [tm]
Quechua
chukuna stool [q2]
szög-
angle, corner, pointed; zug corner /HungarianAltaic
*zök`o
side; corner; direction /Altaic [ss]*jak
/TurcBasque
xoko
(L,LN), zoko corner; zoko-tsu angularszig
or severity, sternness /HungarianSino-Tibetan
*s/ikw| severe, violent /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese "be solemn; eager, fast" [ss]
su 4 Modern (Beijing) < sju"k Middle Chinese < sikw| Old Chinese
s/ugs power, energy. /Tibetan
(?) z^|a?2 be hard, solid, (H) az^|a forcibly. /Kachin
sok violently, hard, with force, roughly. /Lushei [ss]
Basque
zakar (B,G,L,U) coarse, rough, harsh; zakar-tu to be rough, become rude, become gruff
zigor punishment, whip (LN); zigor-tu (C) to punish
Dravidian
sa~_ku to educate, foster (Telugu)(DEDR 2427). [sk]
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian
s'iks. learn; s'iks.an.a act of learning; in cmpd. teaching; s'iks.a_ punishment (Sanskrit) [sk]
sikha learning (Sindhi_); sikkh advice (Punja_bi_); si_kh (Kumauni_); dekha-siki imitation (Nepa_li); sikha advice, instruction (Old Awadhi_); si_kh (Hindi_); si_kha advice (Old Gujara_ti_); si_kh punishment (Gujara_ti_); hik study (Sinhalese) [sk]
Quechua
siqullu // seqollo whip [q2]
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śale, śalie, śalvi
star; splendid [az96] /Etruscancsill
-ag star; csill-ám to glitter; csill-an to flash; csill-og to glitter,sparkle /HungarianUralic
Hungarian csillog possibly derives from
*c'elke- sparkle (Proto FU) [Chong]
ĉil'
radiant, shining /Udmurt (FU) [Chong]dul
fire /FinnishHungarian gyújt-; gyúl- are officially of unknown origin.[Chong]
{Hungarian digraph /gy/ like palatised /d'/}
Sumerian
dalla (n.) beam, ray (v.) to be or make bright; to shine.[jh]
zalag (2), zal light, brightness; bright, luminous, radiant, pure [jh]
Niger-Congo (?)
taal (v.) to light, start, kindle /Wollof [pc2]
Afro-Asiatic
Semitic
dlq (vb.) /Aramaic [cal]
011 Syr,BibAr,Palestinian,CPA,JBA to burn, to light
012 Syr to flash, to shine
013 Syr to rise (of the sun)
014 LJLA to pursue closely (= MT)
021 Syr,JBA to kindle, to light
031 Palestinian,Syr,JBA to light a lamp
032 Palestinian,Syr to kindle a fire
LS2 155
zlg#2 V /Aramaic [cal]
031 Syr to shine
032 Syr to make to shine
061 Syr to be illuminated
LS2 197 LS2 v.: zlg
zlg N zlg) /Aramaic [cal]
1 Syr splendor, shine
LS2 197 LS2 v.: zelg.A)
zlq V /Aramaic [cal]
031 Syr to make to shine
LS2 198 > zlg#2
Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #125> [oi4]
Cushitic
dehalay [LW < Afar?] embers, charcoal (Bedawiye, Beja)
t'ilh!-, tulh!- charcoal /Proto East Cushitic
t'ilih!- glow /Proto South Cushitic
Altaic
*t`io:lo to shine, reflect /Altaic [ss]
*tolui reflecting surface, mirror /Mongolian [ss]
to-li (HY) Middle Mongolian; tol/ /Khalkha; tol@ /Kalmuck; toli /Dagur; to:l@ /Monguor [ss]
*ti:- to become full (of moon) /Tungus [ss]
ti:.- /Negidal; ti:- /Evenki [ss]
*tair- ( ~ tiar-) to shine /Japanese [ss]
te\r- /Old Japanese; teru to shine; to be fine (weather) /Tokyo [ss]
*ziol/a to shine, blaze /Altaic [ss]
*ja.l/(ĉ)- to blaze, flame /Turkic [ss]
jaŝu- /Old Turkic; s/is/- /Chuvash [ss]
*solon|ga rainbow /Mongolian [ss]
*sulu:-n flame /Tungus [ss]
sulu:n /Evenki [ss]
*sa>\r- to burn, blaze /Korean [ss]
sa>\r- /Middle Korean [ss]
*sas- to shine /Japanese [ss]
sas-u /Old Japanese; sasu /Tokyo [ss]
*t`ulV (~ -o-) to burn /Altaic [ss]
*tu"le- to burn /Mongolian [ss]
tu"le- /Written Mongolian; tule|- (IM), tula"- (MA), tule:- (SH) /Middle Mongolian; tu"le- /Khalkha; tu"li-, tu"le- /Buriat; tu"l- /Kalmuck; tu"le-, tu"li- /Ordos; tulie- /Dongxian; tule- /Baoan; telee- /Shary-Yoghur; tule:- /Monguor; tule-, tulu- /Dagur [ss]
*tola- to kindle (a torch) /Tungus [ss]
Turkic
∫öhle ray, beam; ∫öhlelendirmek 1. to shine 2. to illuminate, elucidate /Turkmen [glnp]
ÿyldyramak to sparkle, glitter, flash; ÿyldyz star /Turkmen [glnp]
Tungus
šari lightning, rainbow, light /Manchu [as]
Austric
sulu- to shine /Proto-Oceanic [pkm]
sila- to shine /Proto-Philippine [pkm]
sarang- refulgent /Tagalog [pkm]
sulu- light, /Kapampangan [pkm]
zelag- to shine /Proto-Philippine [pkm]
sellag- bright or full (of the moon) /Ilokano [pkm]
sarang- the human ear when light can be seen through it when viewed in a certain way /Ilokano [pkm]
Austro-Asiatic
jhile mile, jilmil shining, polished, burnished, beautiful; jhalkao to shine, to flash, be burnished; jhalmal resplendent, clean and bright; jhalmalao to be trim, clean; neatly executed; jhal jhal to glisten, to glitter (Santali.lex) [sk]
Sino-Tibetan
*Cil/H bright /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
zil brightness, splendour /Tibetan [ss]
c/an/? be bright, brilliant /Burmese [ss]
Caucasian
*s/Vl?V ( ~ s/-,-l/-,-h|-) light, ray /North Caucasian [ss]
*sa 1 light; eye-sight 2 dawn 3 to dawn /Nakh [ss]
sa 1 /Chechen; sa-x|ila 3 /Ingush; sa-x|il|no 2 /Batsbi [ss]
*riŝ(:)V (~l-,y,u) sun ray /Tsezian [ss]
*ŝ:ala light (n.) Dargwa [ss]
ŝala /Akusha; ŝ:ala /Chiragh [ss]
Chukchee-Kamchatkan
*jąhĩ-lγą-
moon (луна) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN458]*jąhiLγą-n
moon, month (луна, месяц) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN519]j?il_γą
-n /Chukchee; jąhilγą-n /Koryak; jihąlγą-n /Palan; jahil_γą- /Alutor [ss]*je'alγą
n moon /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN466]je'alγin
moon (луна) /Sedank dialect; 'ą'ali_n, 'ą'alγąn Luna, mensis /West Itelmen [ss]Dravidian
tul.an:ku (tul.an:ki-) to shine, be bright, luminous, radiate; tul.akkam brightness, splendour; tul.akku (tul.akki-) to polish; tul.umpu (tul.umpi-) to sparkle, glitter, shine; tulan:ku (tulan:ki-) to shine, glitter, be bright, be polished, be clear; tulakku (tulakki-) to polish, burnish, cause to shine, illumine, make clear, sharpen; n. lustre, polish; tulakkam lustre, brightness, splendour, polish, gloss, clearness (Tamil); tul.an.n.uka to glitter; tul.akkuka to burnish; tul.akkam splendour; til.an.n.uka, tel.an.n.uka to shine, glitter; til.akkam, tel.akkam splendour;[cf. tilakam vermilion mark on the forehead of women (Tamil)]; tol.agu to shine, be full of splendour; n. shine, splendour; tol.apu shine, lustre (Kannad.a); tulakincu to shine, rejoice; tulakimpu shining, rejoicing; tola~ku to shine, be splendid (Telugu)(DEDR 3360). [sk]
Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj1]
selaô (selas), intr., shine
sela^g-eô, (selas) enlighten, illuminate; beam brightly; shine, beam
Slavic
zora (n.) dawn /Bulgar
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
chiragh lamp; light; the wick of a candle etc. /Persian (Farsi) [fjs]
chilkagh to shine, glitter. Si. chilkanu /N. Baluchi [mld]
Aryan
ca_l
light, bright (Bashkari_k); culo (Chili_s); cou (Gauro); c.alo_ lighted torch (Shina) [sk]dél noon, south /Hungarian
derű bright weather; derül to clear up (weather/sky) /Hungarian
ki-derül to come to light; become known; to clear up; to brighten /Hungarian
Uralic
One official source sees Hungarian dél deriving from a Turkic source.
Another expert sees it as deriving from Old Turkic or Chuvash. [Chong]
Sumerian
dalla (n.) beam, ray (v.) to be or make bright; to shine.[jh]
dara 4, dar 4 dark, dim; high [jh]
Sino-Tibetan
*thu:r (~dh-,-o:-) bright, shine /Sino-Tibetan [ss]
Chinese meaning bright, enlighten
chun 2 Modern (Beijing) < z|/win Middle Chinese < dhur Old Chinese [ss]
Burmese: thwanh to gleam, shine, inflame.[ss]
Afro-Asiatic
D
wr to be (come) light /Central Semitic [ahd](1) Altaic
*t`io:lo to shine, reflect /Altaic [ss]
*tolui reflecting surface, mirror /Mongolian [ss]
to-li (HY) Middle Mongolian; tol/ /Khalkha; tol@ /Kalmuck; toli /Dagur; to:l@ /Monguor [ss]
*ti:- to become full (of moon) /Tungus [ss]
ti:.- /Negidal; ti:- /Evenki [ss]
*tair- ( ~ tiar-) to shine /Japanese [ss]
te\r- /Old Japanese; teru to shine; to be fine (weather) /Tokyo [ss]
Turkic
çarï= to become light, to shine. /Khakas (< CT *yaru=) [kl]
Japanese
deru to come out; emerge; appear; turn up
(2) Altaic
*tu:\l/i clear sky, noon /Altaic [ss: 2280]
*du"l/ noon /Turkic [ss: 1262]
tu"ŝ /Karakhanid; tu"ŝ /Middle Turkic; du"ŝ (dial.) /Turkish; du"ŝ (dial.) /Turkmen; to"ŝ /Tatar; tu"ŝ /Kirghiz; tu"s /Kazakh; tu"s /Noghai; tu"ŝ /Balkar; tu"ŝ /Kumyk; tu"s /Karakalpak; tuŝ /Uzbek; ĉu"ŝ /Uighur; to"ŝ /Bashkir; du"'ŝ (Tuv.), du"ŝ (Tof.) /Tuva-Tofalar; tu"ŝ /Altai [ss]
It is thought that Hungarian dél "south" derives from Turkic Chuvash [ss]
*du"li middle (of day, night) /Mongolian [ss: 1231]
Written Mongolian: du"li ; Middle Mongolian: duli ; Khalkha: du"l ; Monguor: dur 'midi, milieu du jour'
*do:la: clear, open sky /Tungus [ss: 1446]
Evenki: do:lo: ; Even: delъd
Dravidian
terul. (terul.v-, terun.t.-) to know, gain true knowledge, perceive, ascertain, understand clearly, be renowned, be clear, lucid; n. knowledge, intelligence, clear perception, comprehension, wisdom /Tamil [sk]
*te:r- to be clear, evident /Dravidian [DEDR 3419][ss: 1526]
*ter-i-/*te:r- clear, evident; bright /South Dravidian [ss: 2858]
teri (-v-, -nt-) to be seen, perceived, ascertained, become evident, be understood, intelligible, clear, possess the power of sight, be conscious (as of one's guilt); investigate, test, ascertain, inquire, know, understand, select, choose, learn through listening, sift /Tamil; teriyuka to understand, know, choose, examine /Malayalam; tiri- (tiriv-, tirin~j-) to come to be known /Kodagu; teriyuni, teripuni to be known, understood, comprehended; understand (with dative); be able, feel, perceive, conceive /Tulu
*ter-i>- to choose /Nigiri [ss: 737]
teyr- (terc-) "to choose, divide out or off" /Kota; tyry- (tyrs-) "to choose, separate (calves from buffaloes, etc.)" /Toda
*tir- clear, shining /Gondwan [ss: 1265]
*tir- clear; shining /Kui-Kuwi [ss: 1181]
tiri "clear, shining, bright, pure, holy" /Kui; tripu a:- "to come to one's senses" /Kuwi
ca:ing (dial. ta:-, tia:-; neg. tipp-, titt-, < base *tir-) to understand, know, realize, regard /Brahui [ss: 42]
tel. to become clear; tel.ir (-v-, -nt-) to shine, sparkle (Tamil); tel.i clearness, brightness (Malaylam); teli, seli clear, pure, filtered (Tulu) (DEDR 3433).[sk]
(0) Indo-European
Indo-Iranian/Iranian
d∂ra bu∂g to appear, become evident, be revealed, seen. d∂ra k∂n∂g to reveal, make evident, bare. d∂r [k]ar∂g to bring out, create, produce, give rise to. d∂r [k]ay∂g to come out. d∂r b∂r∂g to pass through, get through; to swallow (i.e. to pass something down the throat). d∂r gej∂g to discover, find, unearth, uncover. d∂r k∂n∂g to take out, remove, expel. d∂r k∂p∂g to emerge, come out, go out, get out. d∂r kynz∂g to move out, flow out. d∂r r∂v∂g to go out. d∂r šan∂g to express, reveal, make clear. /Baluchi [mab]
All derivatives of Baluchi d∂r 'out, outside; open fields, area outside a city' [mab]
(1) Indo-European
Classical Greek [lsj]
dêlos (1) visible, conspicuous (2) dêlon poiein show plainly
dêloô make visible or manifest, show, exhibit; make known, disclose, reveal
dêlonoti, i.e. dêlon [estin] hoti used adverbially, clearly, manifestly
Albanian
*t|el(u)- /Proto Albanian; thjelle't clear, serene, fair (weather) < *k/elH- 'to freeze' /PIE [bd]
Baltic
ŝa/lti `to freeze' /Lithuanian is also a cognate of the Albanian [bd]
(2) Indo-European
Reconstruction
dher- muddy, to make / darkness [cg2]
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Last updated 25 June 2008