Sanskrit Hungarian

Word List 7

These lists contain 'SIMILARITIES' not alleged Sanskrit-Hungarian cognates!
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Even though Hungarian belongs to the Uralic languages, Hungarian shares more than the Indo-European languages with ancient Iranic tongues of which (Indo-Aryan) Sanskrit is but one derivative. These are from the oldest strata of the language indicating that it was learned while the Iranians' ancestors had not yet left eastern Europe for Asia. Even the oldest gathas of the Zend Avesta contain words understandable in Hungarian, while the later gathas become more and more foreign and strange. Some of the shared words however are not really Iranian in origin as claimed today but are loan words into Iranian from the ancient languages of Iran like Elamite and early Dravidian which again share many words with early Uralic languages especially with Hungarian. [fh]

Contagion, sickness; that which sticks

róga infirmity,disease /Sanskrit
rúj pain,disease /Sanskrit

Uralic

rag-ály infection, contagion /Hungarian
rag attach, to stick to /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 168 #3> [oi4]

Cushitic

Bedawiye, Beja

lah- fall ill (Bedawiye, Beja)

Cushitic, East

laahoo bee sting /Afar; laahoo sickness, difficulty /Saho; lah!ow gastritis /Somali; lua sick /Yaaku

Cushiitic, South

ruk'o(?) sickness /Dahalo
ruxau rukau sick (bd); sick person /Maa

Cognate Set <Ehret (1980) , #1.05d015> [oi4]

Cushitic, South

ruk' sick (be) /Proto South Cushitic

ruk'o(?) sickness /Dahalo; di?'ako sick person /Kwa'dza; ruxau rukau sick (bd); sick person /Maa

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*rąqě- to rot (гнить) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN490]

*rąqě- " to rot; abcess, pus (гнить; нарыв, гной) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1601]

rąqě' " /Chukchee; jąqi ", jąqij /Koryak; rqi- /Palan; r(ą)qi- /Alutor [ss]

*śuq- /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN498]

suq- to rot (гнить) /Sedank dialect; šok-kaz, šokąt-kaz 'putrescere, putrefieri' /West Itelmen [ss]

*rЪqyjol pus (гной) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN491]

*rЪqyjol abcess, pus (нарыв, гной) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1155]

rqejol /Palan [ss]

*śq'al /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN499]

sk'al pus (гной) /Sedank dialect; ą'ź'al pustula /West Itelmen; 'azud pustulae /SIT [ss]

Etruscan

luca "pain" [az96]

Indo-European

Balto-Slavic

ligà "illness" /Lithuanian

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

*rag- ? to attach, cling to ? /Proto Iranian [Cheung: 1327, 1329]

Indo-Aryan

róga infirmity,disease; rúj pain,disease /Sanskrit

ro_ka buying with cash /Sanskrit [sk]

Uralic

raha animal pelt >> money (trade goods) /Finnish
raha money /Vaddja [fv]
ruha clothes, garments, attire, dress /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

rwq(h N rwq(t) /Aramaic [cal]

1 ImpArPers,Syr piece of cloth 2 Syr tatter, rag 3 Syr slip of paper

pl. 60 rwq()

Austro-Asiatic

roka an acknowledgement, as of money paid; rokae emadina he gave me an acknowledgement (of money paid) (Santali.lex.) roka ready money, cash; rokagele hataokeda we bought for cash (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Dravidian (????)

rucum, rucu_m, ru_cu_m fees, money payments received by public officers, as perquisites attached to their office (Tamil) (Tamil .lex.) [sk]

Indo-European

ruk(k)-, rouk(k)- a k. of cloth /Proto IE [pok: 1636] (??)

Slavic

ruho clothes, garments, attire, dress /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

ruku, raku a piece of old cloth, rag /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

ro_ka buying with cash (Sanskrit.) [sk]

rus. be cross, angry /Sanskrit
ro_s.in angry /Sanskrit

Uralic

rossz- bad, evil, angry; bad behaviour /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian rossz- derives from FU.

*roc'3 (Proto FU) [Chong]

d'z'alny to become powerless/weak (Sysola Komi); rud'z': rud'z' munny to become exhausted/weakened (Vichegda Komi) [Chong]

roz-oga to be weakly constructed /Hungarian
rez-eg vibrate /Hungarian
reszk-et to shake, shiver /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

?ruas bad /Hebrew

r`š earthquake /Phœnician [cgj]

Indo-European

Celtic

rosad mischance, evil spell /Gaelic: derived from *pro-stanto-, "standing before, obstruction", root sta. [see mcb]

Slavic

ružan ugly, plain, nasty, hideous; fould, obscene; base, mean /Serbo-Croatian
ružiti to abuse, revile; ružno badly, nastily, basely, meanly /Serbo-Croatian
hrozivý ugly /Slovak

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

rus.ati is vexed /Avestan [sk]

sabhá 1) house or hall; 2) assembly, society /Sanskrit

csopor-t group, team, gang << szapor-od to become many, to multiply /Hungarian

Uralic

csoport group, team, gang /Hungarian

Explained by the F.U. dictionary by the fact that P and K sometimes interchange in Hungarian so that csoport comes from csokor a bunch, group which is FU *c'ukke-(re)

csap-at a team, a gang << csap-ni to strike, hit on /Hungarian

szapor-ít (v.t.) to increase, swell; propogate /Hungarian
szapor-od(ik) (v.i.) to multiply, increase, grow, spread /Hungarian

Interesting how these verb forms resemble the Slavic versions right down to the level of the Hungarian verb formative suffixes.

Yukaghir [emas]

sawa-se- 'share, divide'
sawa-rit'i- 'divide into multiple parts'

Sumerian

si, su, sa, sa 5 to increase, fill up, etc

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic

cwb (v.) /Aramaic [cal]

011 Syr to be congregated 012 Syr to come to 013 Syr % lmamlAkuw% to attain to rule 014 Syr %lwAt% to visit 015 Syr to come back 016 Syr to be prepared 021 Syr to congregate 022 Syr to lead 023 Syr to return 024 Syr to give 051 Syr to come to 052 Syr to be congregated 053 Syr to be found 054 Syr to be prepared

LS2 623

Altaic

*ĉ`abu army /Altaic [ss]

*ĉabul/ĉ military commander /Turkic [ss]

Old Turkic: ĉabuŝ, ĉavuŝ [ss]
Turkish: ĉavuŝ [ss]
Tatar: ĉovaŝ "Chuvash" ( < Chuv.) [ss]
Chuvash: > Mar. s/uwas/ "Tatar" [ss]

*ĉag|ur military raid /Mongolian [ss]

Middle Mongolian: ĉa'ur [ss]

*c^abu-ka army /Tungus [ss]

Negidal: ĉawxa [ss]
Manzhu: ĉo:x|a [ss]
Nanai: ĉaox|a [ss]
Ulcha: ĉau.x|a [ss]
Orok: ĉau.x|a [ss]
Zhurzhen: /ĉao-hah/ [ss]

*tupa- 1 armour, weapon(ry) 2 soldier /Japanese [ss]

Old Japanese: tupa-mono 1 [ss]
Tokyo: tsu\wamono 2 [ss]

Dravidian

capikar < sabhika members of an assembly /Tamil; capai < sabha_ assembly, meeting, congregation, society, association (Pin..)(Tamil lex.) sabbava an assembly, a gathering; mirth, jest, fun /Kannad.a; sabban.d.u a jumble, omnium gatherum (Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

Indo-European

su'bero^ verb; 1st person singular present of <su'brati, -bero^, -bereshi> collect, gather; su'boru' noun; accusative singular masculine of <su'boru'> counsel, meeting /Old Church Slavonic [ocs]

čopor herd, troop, pack; band, crowd, multitude, rabble;
sabirati to collect, gather; assemble, rally, muster; accumulate; sabor parliament, congress, convention, synod; diet, assembly; sabrati to collect, gather; assemble, rally, accumulate; zbor meeting; assembly, gathering; convention /Serbo-Croatian

zbierať, zberať collect; šprtať sa cram; zabaliť pack; zberba rabble /Slovak; sybranie assembly /Bulgar; sobirat' assemble, collect /Russian

Indo-Iranian/Iranian

sabhya being in an assembly /Avestan [sk]

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

sib 'swelling, puffing up, increasing'
sibi 'increase, expand a thing' (cl.1)
sibih 'swell up, become bloated, become pregnant, increase' (cl.3)
sibir 'increased, swollen, pregnant'

szoba room, chamber /Hungarian
azu (archaic) abode /Hungarian

Uralic

pat cover, roof, wall made of wicker /Uralic

Sumerian

asa cage; bàd wall

Altaic/Tungus

asu net, trap /Manchu [as]

Indo-European

Celtic

sabhal a barn /Gaelic, so Irish, Middle Irish saball, Irish Latin zabulum; through Brittonic from Latin stabulum, a stall, English stable. Cf. Middle Irish stéferus = zephyr. [from mcb]

saobhaidh den of a wild beast, fox's den /Gaelic [mcb gives no etymology]

Slavic

izba room, chamber; apartment; closet; cell; ward /Serbo-Croatian

soba room, appartment, chamber; ward; closet /Serbo-Croatian

samita measured, meted out /Sanskrit

Uralic

szám number, size, amount; szám-ít to count (to matter), calculate; szám-lál count, reckon /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian szám is of Turkic origin. [Chong]

Altaic

san (Turkish); son (Uzbek) [Chong]

san 1. number 2. amount 3. score 4. cardinal numbers 5. ordinal numbers 6. weight  /Turkmen [glnp]

saymak a count, number; count as, respect, esteem. /Turkish {????}

Afro-Asiatic/Semitic (?)

Zamam to have a thought, devise, plan, consider, purpose; to consider, fix thought upon to purpose, devise to plot (of evil intent) /Hebrew

(Old testament Strong No. 2161)

Indo-European

Slavic

zamašaj importance, consequence, weight; zamašan important, momentous, grave; primary, cardinal /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

samita measured, meted out /Sanskrit

sam.kara dung (Car.); dust, sweepings /Sanskrit [sk]

Uralic

szemét dirt, rubbish /Hungarian

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Ehret (1980) , #1.04c006> [oi4]

Cushitic, South

ts'i'ma^ts'i?'i'ma filth/dirt/refuse /Proto South Cushitic

tsuma dirt /Alagwa; c#uma dirt /Burunge
c#emayiko rust /Kwa'dza; msumbe' manure /Maa

Cognate Set <Ehret (1987) , #174> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

c#ami dirt /Awngi

Cushitic, East

sam mouldy(to become)/dirty /Oromo

Cushitic, South

ts'i'ma^ts'i?'i'ma filth/dirt/refuse /Proto South Cushitic

Cognate Set <Hayward (1988) , #21> [oi4]

Omotic

s''im-i' dirty /Ari; t'ink'- stink /Wolamo

Caucasian

*c.A>wnV dirt, dungwash; urine /North Caucasian [ss]

*c.VwVn (~ -b-) dungwash /Nakh [ss]

c.u:n /Chechen; c.un /Ingush [ss]

*cymo| urine /Tsezian [ss]

cima /Bezhita; cumo /Gunzib [ss]

*c.Vm(a) 1 sperm 2 dung (of sheep) /Lezghian [ss]

c.imil 2 /Lezghi; c.ama 1 /Tabasaran; c.imil-ar 2 /Agul [ss]

The semantic variation is well explained by the external evidence (the original meaning of the root was probably "dungwash", "filthy secretion". [ss]

*c.w|V 1 dirt, dirty; excrements 2 to become dirty /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

s.w|a-j@ 1 /Adyghe; f.e-j 1 /Circassian; q./@-c.w|- 2 /Ubykh [ss]

Indo-European

Celtic

see samh a clownish person /Gaelic; cf. Scottish sow, one who makes a dirty appearance, "a pig". [mcb]

Slavic

Slavic *zemja (ground) < PIE *dhghom- (ground) [cb]

Balto-Slavic

Lithuanian zeme. (ground) < PIE *dhghom- (ground) [cb]

Indo-Iranian/Iranian
zãm [zam, zem] earth /Avestan
zå [zam] earth, land, ground; Yazad presiding over /Avestan
zemasca [zam] earth /Avestan

Yuki

šimit dirty [y84]

Dravidian

? ks.me_, ks.ma the earth; ks.ma_m.s'a ground, the surface of the earth (Kannad.a, Sanskrit)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

see Hungarian kosz 'dirt, muck'

*s'arva horned animal /Sanskrit [sk]

Uralic

*s'orva (Proto FU)

sarvi (Finnish); t'@rp@ (Southern Khanty); s'ur (Komi, Udmurt); cˆoar've (Lappish); soorp, šoor@p male moose (Man's'i - derivatives) [Chong]

sarvi antler, horn /Vaddja [fv]

szarv horn; szarv-as horned; a horned animal /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian szarv is believed to be related to szaru "corneous", "horny"; "horn" which is of FU and ultimately Indo-European origin.

Altaic

sor elk's horns (Classical Mongol) [Chong]

Indo-European

Italic

cervus stag, deer /Latin

Anatolian

zarwani(ya)- `of a horn' /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

sru_ horn /Avestan [sk]
s'arabha a kind of deer /Avestan [sk]

s'at. go; s'adati goes; a_s'adati goes /Sanskrit [sk]

Uralic

séta a walk, stroll; sétál walks; to walk, stroll /Hungarian

Sumerian

šiten course of march; passage [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

swtwt walk, promenade (vb.) /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Altaic/Turkic (????)

seÿil walking, revelry stroll, roam, wander /Turkmen [glnp]

Indo-European

Celtic

saod journey, intention, condition, good humour (Arg.) /Gaelic, Irish saod, seud, journey, Old Irish sét, way, journey, Welsh hynt, Breton hent, Old Breton hint: *sento-s; Gothic sinþs, journey, way, Old High German sind, English send. Hence saodaich, drive cattle to pasture: Cf. saod, drive animals slowly (Shet.), Norse saeta, waylay, sát, ambush [mcb]

Germanic

â-settan set, place, transport oneself, go /Old English [sc1]

Albanian

shëtitje (n.) walk; dal shëtitje to take a walk

Slavic

šetati to walk, stroll; šetnja (n) walk, stroll, turn /Serbo-Croatian
chôdza, chodiť walk /Slovak

Gather, collect; assemble

sa_dhu moneylender /Sanskrit [sk]

szed to collect, gather, raise; to pluck, pick (fruit, flower) /Hungarian
szed-és gathering, plucking; "fruit of harvest" /Hungarian

Uralic

Officially, Hungarian szed is possibly of F-U origin.

? s'in'd'ems to break apart, break away/off, break down (Erzya); s'in'd'@ms id. (Mokša) [Chong]

Sumerian

šita (4), èšda; šid 3,4,5 (n.) band; bond, tie (v.) to bind; to be together; to join, link with; to couple (adj.) bound, intact [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

s.ed payment /Phœnician [cgj]

Altaic/Tungus

šodokû scoop-net; šodombi to scoop /Manchu [as]

Austro-Asiatic

sidi to collect or demand payment of dues other than rents; rinko sidia they collect debts; taka sidiya sen akana he has gone to collect money due to him (Santali.lex.) sad hondar a tax-gatherer (Santali.lex.) sadhu a certain class of Hindu mendicants (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Basque

zitu (LN,U) (n.) fruit (of a harvest)

Dravidian

se_dya cultivation, farming (Kannad.a); se_dyamu (Telugu) (DEDR 2811).[sk]

Indo-European

Greek

Greek sito-s "corn, wheat" resembles the Basque but is without an explanation within the frame of Indo-European [mo]

Slavic

žeti to reap, cut with a scythe /Serbo-Croatian
žito cereals, corn, grain /Serbo-Croatian
žatva harvest /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian/Avestan

sudkhor usurer /Pashto [tr]

Indo-Aryan

sa_dhu moneylender /Sanskrit [sk]

csőd-ít, csőd-ül to collect together, assemble, gather, crowd /Hungarian {/cs/ sounds like /ch/ in English}

Uralic

csőd bankruptcy, failure /Hungarian

One expert source believes Hungarian csőd and csődít possibly derive from the obscure word cserdít- "crack" (a whip) ? [Chong]

In other words we haven't a clue.

Sumerian

šita (4), èšda; šid 3,4,5 (n.) band; bond, tie (v.) to bind; to be together; to join, link with; to couple (adj.) bound, intact [jh]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

chidan to collect, gather /Persian [fjs]
chida gathered /Persian [fjs]

chinagh p.p. chitha, to pick up, gather, collect. P. chídan /N. Baluchi [mld]

síc (f.) hem of a garment or robe /Sanskrit

Uralic

szeg 1) measure of land (archaic); 2) nail; 3) to break an oath /Hungarian
szegély hem, seam, border, edge, margin /Hungarian

also see semantically related words under "pointedness, angular etc." heading

Sumerian

zag, zà boundary, border, limit, side; cusp, beginning; territory, district, place; sanctuary; percentage; a measure for fish; shoulder; right (side); front; outside of [jh]

Altaic

*ĉ`ake boundary, section /Altaic [ss]

* ĉ ygyr 1 boundary, limit 2 small path /Turkic [ss]

ĉ yg|yr 2 /Old Turkic; ĉ ygyr 2 /Turkish [ss]
ĉ ygyr 1 /Turkmen [ss]

* ĉ ig direction /Mongolian [ss]

ĉ ig /Khalkha [ss]

* ĉ aki- 1 partition (in house) 2 to tread a path /Tungus [ss]

ĉ axin 1 /Manzhu; ĉ aki- 2 /Evenki [ss]

* ĉ ha/i section of a building /Korean [ss]

ĉ ha/i Middle Korean; ĉ ha" Modern Korean [ss]

*siga border, interval /Altaic [ss]

*sygra 1 valley 2 interval between two fingers /Turkic [ss]

syg|ra 1, syg|raq 2 /Old Turkic [ss]

*sig- interval /Tungus [ss]

si, sidu /Manzhu; hidla /Even; sigdile: /Evenki [ss]

*sa\ka\pi\ border /Japanese [ss]

sa\ka\pji\ Old Japanese; sakai Tokyo [ss]

Turkic

çagha girdle, seam, edge /Khakas < CT *yaka [kl]

In Sagay, Koybal dialects obsol collar [kl]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*cą.cqa.- "the cord of average/mean thickness" (шнур средней толщины) 1; "to edge" (оторочить) 2 /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1565]

ina-ccącqat- (III) 2 /Koryak; cącqa-nγeŋ1 /Palan [ss]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

si_ga^l-ôma, atos, to,

I. instrument for smoothing or polishing, esp. of shoemakers for smoothing leather
II. border, edging of a dress

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

síc (f.) hem of a garment or robe /Sanskrit

su-gandha [su- "good" + gandha "smell,scent"] fragrant smell; sugandhika fragrant /Sanskrit[sk]

Uralic

szag a smell; scent; odour; szag-ul to scent, smell; szag-os fragrant, scented /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian szag is thought to be 'possibly' of F-U origin.

? aakuap, haakuap, haakuap, sangam to sample, taste, try (Šölqup) [Chong]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <Hayward (1988) , #29, #42> [oi4]

Omotic

s#oq- stink /Ari
s#'ok'- smell (v.i) /Gimira

Altaic

shūki an offensive smell; stink; stench /Japanese

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*sъky- to smell (пахнуть, нюхать) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ss: PN370]

*tъky- to smell (пахнуть) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1246]

t(ą)ké- /Chukchee; t(ą)ke- (II) /Koryak; t(ą)ki- /Alutor [ss]

*skĩ- /Proto Itelmen [ss: PN378]

skǎz- to smell (пахнуть) /Sedank dialect; 'i[s]k-kaz ; n-ąske-kaz 1 "foetere; odorem rei trahere 1" /West Itelmen; nakoj skizy-zkik "quid olet" /SIT [ss]

Indo-European {????}

su-gandha [su- "good" + gandha "smell,scent"] fragrant smell; sugandhika fragrant /Sanskrit[sk]

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

xuk' 'fermentation, strong taste or odor, scent'

Stross' /x/ replaces Wisdom's /š/

sUcIvaktra having a mouth or aperture as pointed as a needle , too narrow; sUcImukha the point of a needle; a partic. hell BhP. ; n. having a beak &c. as sharp as a nñneedle AV. Pan5cat. ; pointed or sharp as a needle MBh. ; narrow; sUkSma minute , small , fine , thin , narrow , short , feeble , trifling , insignificant , unimportant /Sanskrit [sk]

SMALLNESS, REDUCTION, NEED, WANT

csek-ély small, trifling {/cs/ similar to Basque /tx/ or English /ch/} /Hungarian
csök-ev-ény rudimentary; csökk-en to reduce, abate /Hungarian
sek-ély(es) shallow /Hungarian
scegin "poor" /Old Hungarian {12th. Century) [gzb1]; szeg-ény poor, not much /Modern Hungarian
szik-ár lean, slender /Hungarian
szük narrow, scarce /Hungarian

Uralic

*s'ukke small piece /Ugrian

Sumerian

sig9 narrow [jh]
sug4 , sù ; su (v.) to strip naked, lay bare; to empty; (adj.) empty, destitute.[jh]

Hurrian

zug@ 'small, short' [ss]

Niger-Congo (?)

seekee (adj) skint; sekeeriŋ. sekeeta (adj) skint, penniless /Mandinka [pc1]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

sh.w^ shorten /Old Egyptian [cgj]
sk empty (M.E.) (%t body,of words) /Old Egyptian [cgj]
skn be greedy, lust after /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Semitic

śyk to be(come) narrow, constricted /Semitic Root [ahd]
sâqu to be(come) narrow, tight /Akkadian [ahd]

Cognate Set <Leslau (1987) , p. 646b #6> [oi4]

Cushitic, Agaw

jeg*a worthless, bad, ugly /Bilin

Cushitic, East

deega poor /Oromo
zeega poor /Qabena

Semitic

zegaa poor, subject, client /Geez

Cognate Set <Sasse (1983) , p. 111 #> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

dikk'- small /Proto East Cushitic

t'ikk'- narrow / Proto Highland East Cushitic
c#'ikk'-ad/- narrow /Burji
t'ukk'- small /Hadiyya
d/iggo small /Oromo

Ainu

sak to be lacking, to be without [sm]

Altaic

*c'`iku few, poor /Altaic [ss]

*c'ikán /Turc [ss]
*c'üge-n/ Mongol [ss]
*c'uki/ Tungus [ss]

*sä'gu shallow /Altaic [ss]

*siga-r /Mongol [ss]
*sigi- /Tungus [ss]
*sai-m /Korean [ss]
*sú /Japanese [ss]

*sik`u small, few /Altaic [ss]

*sik /Turc [ss]
*sike- /Tungus [ss]
*skà- /Korean [ss]
*sùkù- /Japanese [ss]

*sio:k`u to be hollow, crack /Altaic [ss]

*suk- 1 to stick in, insert 2 hollow wood, whistle /Turkic [ss]
*sekeg|e / *segeg|e crack, hole /Mongolian [ss]
*si:k- 1 polynya 2 hollow vessel, whistle 3 to put into, insert /Tungus [ss]
*sky/-m, *ski/- 1 crack 2 to insert, to sheath /Korean [ss]
*suk- 1 to be hollow 2 crack, hole /Japanese [ss]

Turkic

cik, -cîk diminitive suffix; sîkî tight /Turkish

Japanese

chikai, short; early; immediate; near; close; shiganai poor; miserable; wretched; sukoshi little; small quantity; sukenai little; few; scanty; sukunai few; little; rare; scanty; meagre

Sino-Tibetan

*Ce>k ( ~ C/-, -i@-) emaciated /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "emaciated; suffering"
ji 2 Modern (Beijing) < z|jek Middle Chinese < z|(h)ek ( ~ z|/-) Old Chinese

c/ac/ to loose weight. /Burmese [ss]

Basque

zeken stingy, miserly; zikoitz niggardly; greedy
txiki-tu (B,G,U) to make small; to reduce; to rip

Caucasian

*z^|i>k.wA> / *k.i>z^|wA> short /North Caucasian [ss]

* ĉ.ik.:w|V- small, short (in height) /Andian [ss]

ĉ.ik.:u-b /Chamalal [ss]

*ĉ:i[k.]V- short /Lezghian [ss]

z^iq:i /Tabasaran; z^aq:e-f /Agul; z^|yk-dy /Rutul; ?z^|it.a-na /Tsakhur [ss]

*k./ac^.w|@ short /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

a-k./a/ ĉ. Abkhaz; ĉ./a ĉ./@ Adyghe; ĉ.as./ Circassian [ss]

*c./_wa":qV few /North Caucasian [ss]

c.o|x|:- few /Tsezian [ss]

c.ox|x|u /Inkhokvari [ss]

*c.iq.w|- few /Dargwa [ss]

c.i:q.w|aj /Chiragh [ss]

*c^.w|eq.(a) (~-a"-,-i-) few /Lezghian [ss]

c^.uq. /Agul [ss]

Dravidian

*ĉik- small /Dravidian [ss]

*ĉik- small /South Dravidian [ss]

cikka in brief, in a nutshell /Tamil; cikkin.i young, small (said of girls) Malayalam; cikka, ciga little, small, young /Kannada; ci:ku smallness, littleness of size, used of grain and pulse; cikkatana childhood, youth /Kannada; cikk-ad.ake very young, tender areca-nut /Kodagu; cikka little, young, small, short /Tulu; cikini tender, young, small; cikke\ a dwarf; (B-K) cikkeli a small variety of mouse /Tulu [ss]

cikku (cikki-) to become lean or emaciated; cikal (cikalv-, cikan-r--) to diminish, decrease, perish; n. want, ruin (Tamil); cikk- (cikki-) to become tired; cikki numb sensation of mouth produced by areca-nut (Kod.agu); cikku to become lean or thin (Telugu); sik- (-t-) to be reduced (as body), fail (in flesh), pine in fear, etc. (Kond.a)(DEDR 2503). [sk]

cak lean (of meat); cakn lean man; fem. caky (Kota); cakku, cekku stunted, short, lean; cakke a weakling, lean person (Tulu)(DEDR 2268). [sk]

Etruscan

śuci, śucic, sucix piece, part [az96]

Indo-European

Celtic

siogaid a starveling, lean person /Gaelic. [mcb]

Slavic

sićenje satiating, sating; sićušan tiny, minute, microscopic; petty, trifling, paltry; narrow-mindedness; sićušnost smallness, puniness; trifling matter; narrow-mindedness /Serbo-Croatian

Albanian

i/e cekët shallow

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

zakk (v.n.) squeezing, pressing; straightening /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

shaqi poor, miserable, wretched; insolent; villainous, vicious. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says the Persian is found in Arabic but the origin is uncertain.

zaiq, ziq (v.n.) being narrow, strait, or tight; being close, covetous; being unable to hold; tightness; anguish, vexation, grief, melancholy; straits, difficulties; dilemma; [ziqu 's-sadr ('n-nafas), Difficulty of breathing, asthma;] -- zaiyiq, Strait, narrow; close, miserly /Persian

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

zaiqat narrow circumstances, poverty, straits; one of the mansions of the moon; a tract between Ta'if and Hunain /Persian

[fjs] says the Persian is a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

Indo-Aryan

sUcIvaktra having a mouth or aperture as pointed as a needle , too narrow; sUcImukha the point of a needle; a partic. hell BhP. ; n. having a beak &c. as sharp as a nñneedle AV. Pan5cat. ; pointed or sharp as a needle MBh. ; narrow; sUkSma minute , small , fine , thin , narrow , short , feeble , trifling , insignificant , unimportant /Sanskrit [sk]

Blackfoot (Algonquin)

sikk decrease the mass of, lower

Muskogean/Eastern

sikóopa to be poor, be destitute, suffer hardship, be shabby; to be weak, feeble, sickly /Alabama [tm]

{poss. from /sikóopa-a} [tm]

Quechua

chikallanta a little {chikalla " just; only" + -nta "through, across"} [q2]
chuqu narrow and long [q2]

Ulwa

sikitnaka vt. (sikitpi) squeeze (e.g. in fist); crush with hand [ud]
sukutnaka vt. (sukutpi) clench; clinch [ud]

Yuki

tcuk fall4 off [y84]

szag-gat to rip, rend /Hungarian
szak-ít to rip, tear; szak-ad to fall; tear, rend /Hungarian
szeg to cut, chip, slice /Hungarian

Uralic

soka (n.) plow; sokams (v.) to plow /Erzya [fv]
csák "plow" /Hungarian

Hungarian csák is obsolete. [Chong]

zocoztia "tore" (past tense) /Old Hungarian {12th. Century} (Modern, szakasztotta) [gzb1]
szak-ít to rip, tear; szak-ad to fall; tear, rend /Hungarian
szaggat to rip, rend /Hungarian

-gat is the frequentive suffix of action.

also see Hungarian cikk

Sumerian

suh (2,3,5) v., to uproot, displace; to relocate, transfer; to become confused [jh]
zìg to expend, go out, uproot; zuh to steal, to rob [jh]
sig3,11 to chop down; sè(g) subdue, to subject [jh]

Niger-Congo (?)

suxi (v.) to uproot, pluck /Wollof [pc2]

Afro-Asiatic

skз to plough /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Austro-Asiatic

cagar. , cagat to tear off; surka to strip off (Santali.lex.) [sk]
sigi to cut deeply with axe (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Altaic

Turkic

saka divide, watershed /Turkmen [glnp]

sökmek 1. to take apart 2. to rip out a seam 3. to plow 4. to reinvestigate;
sökülmek to rip out a seam /Turkmen [glnp]

Japanese

saku, sakeru to tear, split, cleave, rip; sogu to chip; slice off
saku, suku to plough, till; to break up (land)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*šąγ- to dig, to dig out (рыть, копать) /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1132]

rąγ- (I) /Chukchee; jąγ-, -cąγ- (I) /Koryak; t(ą)γ- /Alutor [ss]

Sino-Tibetan

*s/e:k cleave, split /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "split"
xi 1 Modern (Beijing) < siek Middle Chinese < se:k Old Chinese [ss]

ãc/heg (p. bs/ags, f. bs/ag, i. s/og to break, to split, gs/og / bs/og (p. gs/ags, bs/ags, f. gs/ag, bs/ag, i. gs/og) to cleave, to split, to tear. /Tibetan

*z|he/k /Kiranti [ss]

Basque

saki (LN) a large tear in clothing; sakitu to cut, make an incision (L,LN,U)
sega scythe; sega-tu (C) to cut, harvest

Dravidian

sugi to tear off, strip off, peel (Kannad.a); coxna_ to pluck, cull (Kur.ux); coge to pluck off, set free; cogre to drop off, get free (Malt.o)(DEDR 2644). [sk]

cakkai chips (Tamil); cake rind of fruits (Tamil); cekku to pare, cut the side or rind of; n. the rind or parings of fruits, etc. (Telugu); cekka piece (Naikri, Gondi); sek to plane, fashion things out of wood (Kond.a); sespa planing, scraping (?Kui); sesa shavings (?Kui); seka piece (?Kui); cakta_ a slice (Kur.ux); cegla_ chip, splinter (Kur.ux); caka a slice ; (Malt.o)(DEDR 2748). [sk]

sigul.u, si_l., si_l.u to split, to be cleft; splitting; a split, a fragment, a piece (Kannad.a); sigur-, sigur-u, sibar-u, sivar-u, sivur-u a splinter (Kannad.a)(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

sigasu to have split as wood; sigi to split as wood; to tear or rend with teeth as sugarcane /Kannad.a; sekke, cakke a chip; sekku to put in, to insert; serku id. /Kannad.a; cakke, cekke, sakke, sekke (Tadbhava of s'alka) a chip of wood /Kannad.a; cakke, cekke /Telugu; cakkai /Tamil; cakke a chip of wood or of stone /Kannad.a; cekku /Telugu; sigul.u, si_l., si_l.u to split, to be cleft; splitting; a split, a fragment, a piece /Kannad.a [sk]

cu_gna_ to harrow (Kur.ux); cge to poke, stir; cgure to poke, pick (as one's teeth or ear)(Malt.o)(DEDR 2719)[sk]

Etruscan

seci to cut, smash
śucri, śuxu dividing,cutting part [az96]

(1) Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

sukustan to be broken or torn up /Persian [fjs]

shaqq (v.n.) splitting, tearing; cutting (a tooth); being difficult, troublesome (any work); remaining open (the eye of a corpse); being separate from one's people; separating, scattering; throwing into difficulties, paining, grieving; a fissure, crack, crevice; a half; day-break, dawn [shaqq khwurdan, To be or become split;<-> shaqq zadan (kardan), To tear, split, divide;]; shuquq (pl. of shaqq), Fissures, rents, crevices, chinks. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

shaqa'iq (pl. of shaqiqat) fissures, cracks; etc. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

shaqb, shiqb a cleft in a mountain or rock; a narrow pass between two hills; etc. /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

shiqqat the half, especially of anything split or torn the long way; a chip of wood; a rag of cloth /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] lists this as a loan from Semitic/Arabic.

(2) Indo-European

Reconstruction

*sek cut /PIE [js]

Italic

sĕco sĕcare sĕcŭi sectum, to cut, amputate, to wound, hurt; to divide, part /Latin

Slavic

sjeći hew, chop; split; lop, prune /Serbo-Croatian
sjeknuti to make short (sharp) cut /Serbo-Croatian
sekať cut /Slovak

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

suk 'a cutting, a trim'
suki 'cut off, trim, pare' (cl.1)

tz'ohk (from c'ok) 'broken part or half, piece, broken off end'

tz'ok 'a breaking, a snapping in two, an opening up'
tz'okem 'broken'
tz'okemir 'a break, a snap'
tz'oki 'break a thing, break in two, pull apart, open up' (cl.1)
tz'okbah 'break in two of itself, open itself up (said of the sky, meaning "to rain")'

Muskogean/Eastern

chikoffi to cut a piece (of meat), slice a piece (of meat) /Alabama [tm]
chikòoli to cut meat, slice meat, butcher (plural objects) /Alabama [tm]

szikk to dry, dessicate /Hungarian

Basque

siku (B) arid
xukatu (U) to drain, dry (something) off; to remove water from

Dravidian

cukku (cukki-) to get dry /Tamil; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel; cukku dry /Malayalam [sk]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

psuchô dry, make dry

Italic

siccus dry /Latin

zsugor-od to shrink; zsugor-i miser, niggard // miserly, niggardly /Hungarian

Sumerian

sig 9 narrow [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

sgrh. to quell, make to cease /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Altaic/Turkic

ÿygryl-mak 1. to shrink, be shy 2. to waver /Turkmen [glnp]
ÿygyr-mak 1. to crumple, twist, wrinkle 2. to draw in /Turkmen [glnp]

Basque

xuhur miserly; tight-fisted (with money)
zuhur wise, sensible, cautious, prudent; observant, shrewd, keen; stingy, economical, thrifty

Dravidian

surku, sukku to contract, shrivel, shrink, fade; surku, sukku, sun:ku, sokku contracting, shrivelling, shrinking, a wrinkle /Kannad.a; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel (Malayalam) [sk]

Indo-European

Celtic

sgrog, sgrogag anything shrivelled, a shrivelled old woman, old cow or ewe /Gaelic, sgrog, shrivel; from the Scottish scrog, a stunted bush, sgroggy, stunted, English scraggy, Danish skrog, Swed. skrokk, anything shrunken, Norse skrokkr; sgruigean neck of a bottle, the neck (in ridicule) /Gaelic, Irish sgruigín, neck of a bottle, short-necked person; sgruit an old shrivelled person, a thin person /Gaelic, Irish sgruta, an old man, sgrutach, lean, sgrut, a contemptible person; cf. Norse skrudda, a shrivelled skin, old scroll [mcb]

Slavic

skratiti to shorten, abbreviate, cut, abridge, reduce in size; contract /Serbo-Croatian
skrb care; thrift, thriftiness; concern, worry; sorrow /Serbo-Croatian
skrbiti be thrifty, save /Serbo-Croatian
skrutiti to stiffen; solidify; coagulate, set, curdle /Serbo-Croatian
škrt stingy, avaricious, mean, miserly /Serbo-Croatian
skrčiť sa shrink /Slovak

Indo-Iranian

Iranian/Avestan

zhghórem keep /Pashto [tr]

Indo-Aryan

su~gor.an. to shrink /Lahnda_; sa~gor.n.a_, su~gor.n.a_ to contract, draw up (as the arms and legs) /Punja_bi_; sakor.na_, sikor.na_, si~kor.na_ to contract, compress, crumple together; suker.na_, saker.na_ /Hindi_; sa~_gur.o narrow/Kumauni_; sa~_guro /Nepa_li; sa~_kur /Or.iya_; sa~_kar narrow; n. narrow lane /Hindi_; sakra_ tight, narrow /Hindi_; sa~_kr.u~ /Gujara_ti_; sa~_kad., sa~_kd.a_ tight, narrow /Mara_t.hi_; sa~_kad., sa~_kd.e~ a difficulty /Mara_t.hi_ [sk]

POINTEDNESS, EDGE, BORDER, SUDDENNESS, ANGULARITY, SEVERITY

csák-ány pickaxe; csáklya grappling hook/iron; pickaxe; csák plow [archaic] /Hungarian
szeg 1) measure of land (archaic); 2) nail; 3) to break an oath /Hungarian
szek-erce << "szeg + érc" metal tipped "érc", pointed weapon, battle ax /Hungarian
szig-ony harpoon /Hungarian
szikl-ás rocky, craggy /Hungarian
zakl-at to molest, worry /Hungarian
zökk-en to jolt /Hungarian
zuh-an to fall suddenly, thud /Hungarian

Uralic

süng a wedge /Ugrian

Sumerian

ukur spear, lance [jh]

Scythian

sag-aris battle ax [Herodotus]

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic

sikkatu peg; zaqpu pointed /Akkadian [oi3]

skh N skt) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA nail 2 Palestinian,Syr ploughshare 3 Syr wedge 4 Syr wart 5 JBA thorn 6 Palestinian peg

LS2 472

LS2 v: sek.t_A)

skyn N skyn) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Palestinian,CPA,Sam,Syr,JBA knife

LS2 474, J 990

pl: s:ak.iyne)
LS2 v: sak.iyn

xcyn N xcyn) /Aramaic [cal]

1 Syr,JBA axe

LS2 251

LS2 V: xaciynA)

syqwr N syqwr) /Aramaic [cal]

1 JLATg,Syr axe

LS2 496

LS2 v: siyquwrA)

Altaic

*ŝiuk`e to carve, tear /Altaic [ss]

*so"k- to split, tear apart /Turkic [ss]

so"k- Old Turkic; so"k- Turkmen [ss]

*su"ke axe /Mongolian [ss]

suke (SH) /Middle Mongolian; su"x /Khalkha; su"k@ /Kalmuck; sugu, suge: /Dagur; sugo /Monguor [ss]

*ŝuk- 1 chisel 2 to carve, engrave 3 to hit (with horns), butt, strike 4 notches on bow ends /Tungus [ss]

ŝuki- 3, ŝukun 4 /Manzhu; ĉuktuli- 2 (On.) /Nanai [ss]

*sa\ki/- to carve, engrave /Korean [ss]

sa\ki/- /Middle Korean [ss]

*s[e:]ĉ wise, careful /Altaic [ss]

*seĉ- to choose, select /Turkic
*seĉe-n wise, clever /Mongolian
*sa:ĉe be careful /Tungus
*sa/t@/- ( ~ -ua) wise /Japanese [ss]

Turkic

sygys a wedge /AncTurkic
ĉakan battle-axe (Kazakh, Kyrgyz); ĉaqan battle-axe (Uigur) [Chong]

çiçeñ to the point, right; çiçeñ atïghcï good marksman; çiçeñ çooxtandï s/he spoke to the point, hit the mark /Khakas [kl]

Tungus

suhe axe; suhecen a small axe /Manchu [as]

Japanese

sōga claws and teeth; fangs

Austric

toki, piau axe /Mäori [ng]

Caucasian

*c.@q.V ( ~ -o>-,-e>-) sharp /North Caucasian [ss]

*c.o|q.V- ( ~ -o-) sharp /Tsezian [ss]

c.oq.iju /Tsezi; c.oq.q.u /Khvarshi

c.aq.- sharp /Dargwa [ss]

c.aq.-si /Akusha [ss]

Dravidian

cakna_ to sharpen an edge instrument, whet (Kurux.); cake to sharpen, whet (Malt.o)(DEDR 2277). [sk]

Etruscan

śaca point; śacri to fix, fasten; śacrni "sharp, pointed" [az96]
śacrtuna incisor, chisel; śacu, śaxu "acute, wise" [az96]; < *stakh- "point, sharpness" [az96]

Indo-European

Italic

see Latin sac- [az96]
see Latin sagax "shrewd, acute", sagio, staca [az96]

sĕcūris -is, axe, hatchet; esp. the headman's axe, hence supreme power, Roman supremacy; sĭca -ae dagger, dirk, poniard [Cassell]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

tshakush, tshaakuss hammer /Pashto [tr]

chakhmakh a battle-axe fastened to the saddle; etc /Persian [fjs]

chakhmagh, chakhmaq a kind of battle-axe; etc /Persian [fjs]

[fjs] says chakhmagh, chakhmaq also in Turkish without proof positive to which it belongs originally

Indo-Aryan

sUcIvaktra having a mouth or aperture as pointed as a needle , too narrow; sUcImukha the point of a needle; a partic. hell BhP. ; n. having a beak &c. as sharp as a nñneedle AV. Pan5cat. ; pointed or sharp as a needle MBh. ; narrow; sUkSma minute , small , fine , thin , narrow , short , feeble , trifling , insignificant , unimportant; sUca a pointed shoot or blade of Kus3a grass; f. pointing out , indication Ja1takam. ; piercing; gesticulation; spying out , sight , seeing; sUcI a needle or any sharppointed instrument (e.g. `" a needle used in surgery "' , `" a magnet "' &c.) RV.; the sharp point or tip of anything or any pointed object Ka1v. /Sanskrit [sk]

Quechua

chici splinter; chuki spear [q2]

Ulwa

suksuk spear, lance [ud]

Yuki

są(·)k, sah-ahk, sŭk', sank, sükh tooth, teeth [y84]

csecs pap, breast, teat /Hungarian
csecsemő suckling; baby; infant {/cs/ similar to /ch/ sound}/Hungarian

Altaic

*č`ăjižV breast /Altaic [ss]

*čijči /Turc [ss]
*čegeži /Mongol [ss]
*ča(i)ža-n /Tungus [ss]
*čjóč /Korean [ss]
*tì, *tìti /Japan [ss]

Dravidian

ca_ci mother's milk (nursery)/Tamil; ca_ci, ta_ci a childish word for the female breast /Kannad.a; ca_ci woman's breast /Telugu [sk]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

Iranian

chuchu a nipple /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

cu_cuka nipple (R.Pali.); cucuka, cucu_ka /Sanskrit; cu_a /Prakrit; cuci /Sanskrit [sk]

Quechua

chuchu nipple, breast [q1]
chichiy to suckle; to nurse; to give milk [q2]
chuchuchiy to suckle; to nurse; to give milk [q2]

csúcs point; summit, pinnacle; csücske point, tip; corner {/cs/ similar to /ch/ sound}/Hungarian

Altaic

*ĉ`[i]ĉ`V spout, prick, penis /Altaic [ss]

*ĉiĉi- 1 to prick 2 prick, thorn, sprout /Mongolian [ss]

ĉiĉigina 'herb root' /Middle Mongolian; ĉiĉi- 1, ĉiĉu":r 2 /Khalkha; ĉiĉ@- 1, ĉiĉu":r, ĉiĉe|:sn. 2 /Kalmuck; ĉiĉi- 1 /Dagur [ss]

*ĉiĉ 1 penis 2 spout (of a tea-pot) /Tungus [ss]

ĉoĉo 1 /Manzhu; ĉi.ĉi.qo 2 /Nanai; ĉi.ĉu. 1,2 /Ulcha; tu.tu. 1 /Orok [ss]

*ĉa:>ĉi penis /Korean [ss]

ĉa:z^|i (orth. ĉa:>ĉi), ĉot (orth. ĉoĉ) /Modern Korean [ss]

Turkic

çiçeñ to the point, right; çiçeñ atïghcï good marksman; çiçeñ çooxtandï s/he spoke to the point, hit the mark /Khakas [kl]

Japanese

chōjō mountain top, summit, peak

Caucasian

*c.o>c.V ( ~ c._) tip, spout /North Caucasian [ss]

*c.uc.- ( ~ -o-) spout (of a tea-pot, jar) /Nakh [ss]

c.uzam /Chechen [ss]

*c.oc.(a) 1. spout (of a tea-pot) 2. clitoris; ring-stone /Lezghian [ss]

c.uc. /Lezghi; c.yc. 2 /Kryz [ss]

Muskogean/Eastern

chiichi penis Usage: Euphemism, nursery word /Alabama [tm]

Sardu/Sardinian

cùccuru "peak (of a mountain)" [slc]

A pre-Roman word [slc]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Iranian

čuč sprout, tendril, baby plant; little finger /Baluchi [mab]

szeg 1) measure of land (archaic); 2) nail; 3) to break an oath /Hungarian
szegély hem, seam, border, edge, margin /Hungarian

Sumerian

zag, zà boundary, border, limit, side; cusp, beginning; territory, district, place; sanctuary; percentage; a measure for fish; shoulder; right (side); front; outside of [jh]

Altaic

*ĉ`ake boundary, section /Altaic [ss]

* ĉ ygyr 1 boundary, limit 2 small path /Turkic [ss]

ĉ yg|yr 2 /Old Turkic; ĉ ygyr 2 /Turkish [ss]
ĉ ygyr 1 /Turkmen [ss]

* ĉ ig direction /Mongolian [ss]

ĉ ig /Khalkha [ss]

* ĉ aki- 1 partition (in house) 2 to tread a path /Tungus [ss]

ĉ axin 1 /Manzhu; ĉ aki- 2 /Evenki [ss]

* ĉ ha/i section of a building /Korean [ss]

ĉ ha/i Middle Korean; ĉ ha" Modern Korean [ss]

*siga border, interval /Altaic [ss]

*sygra 1 valley 2 interval between two fingers /Turkic [ss]

syg|ra 1, syg|raq 2 /Old Turkic [ss]

*sig- interval /Tungus [ss]

si, sidu /Manzhu; hidla /Even; sigdile: /Evenki [ss]

*sa\ka\pi\ border /Japanese [ss]

sa\ka\pji\ Old Japanese; sakai Tokyo [ss]

Turkic

çagha girdle, seam, edge /Khakas < CT *yaka [kl]

In Sagay, Koybal dialects obsol collar [kl]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan

*cą.cqa.- "the cord of average/mean thickness" (шнур средней толщины) 1; "to edge" (оторочить) 2 /Proto Chukchee-Koryak [ss: PN1565]

ina-ccącqat- (III) 2 /Koryak; cącqa-nγeŋ1 /Palan [ss]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

si_ga^l-ôma, atos, to,

I. instrument for smoothing or polishing, esp. of shoemakers for smoothing leather II. border, edging of a dress

szék chair, seat, throne /Hungarian

Altaic

Turkic

*säki, *sakü /Old Turkic [Chong]

saGõ, sak bench, etc. (Chuvash); säkü bench (Kipchak); seki base of a column or pillar; a stone that is used for sitting (Turkish); säkü booth, stall; counter (in a store); platform (Turk - Kashgari)

seki porch /Turkmen [glnp]

tsek "couch, bed" /Cuman [pbg]

Mongol

següke, seüke portable chair (Literary Mongol) [Chong]

Japanese

seki a seat; one's place; sûki helm of state

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

Iranian

tshawki chair /Pashto [tr]

sako, suko a sofa, settle, bench, garden-seat /Persian [fjs]

Indo-Aryan

cau~ki_ stool /Sindhi_; cauki_ square low seat /Hindi_; caukho, cauko wooden seat /Kumauni_; cauki chair /Nepa_li; coki_ square low seat /Gujara_ti_; cauk square /Lahnda_; cok square, market, number four /Gujara_ti_; caukkka set of four, cross-roads, square /Prakrit; cau~ku frame of door, square; cau~ko figure 4/Sindhi_; cak increased by four (Bhoj.); cauk square, market /Hindi_; cok square, market, number four /Gujara_ti_; coko quadrangular spot, cooking place/Gujara_ti_ [sk]

Muskogean/Eastern

chiika2 to sit, take a seat, settle down (of several) /Alabama [tm]

Quechua

chukuna stool [q2]

szög- angle, corner, pointed /Hungarian
zug corner /Hungarian

Altaic

*zök`o side; corner; direction /Altaic [ss]

*jak /Turc [ss]
*züg /Mongol [ss]
*zuku- /Tungus [ss]
*dòkò /Japanese [ss]

Basque

xoko (L,LN), zoko corner; zoko-tsu angular

szig-or severity, sternness /Hungarian

Sino-Tibetan

*s/ikw| severe, violent /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "be solemn; eager, fast" [ss]
su 4 Modern (Beijing) < sju"k Middle Chinese < sikw| Old Chinese

s/ugs power, energy. /Tibetan
(?) z^|a?2 be hard, solid, (H) az^|a forcibly. /Kachin
sok violently, hard, with force, roughly. /Lushei [ss]

Basque

zakar (B,G,L,U) coarse, rough, harsh; zakar-tu to be rough, become rude, become gruff
zigor punishment, whip (LN); zigor-tu (C) to punish

Dravidian

sa~_ku to educate, foster (Telugu)(DEDR 2427). [sk]

Indo-European

Indo-Iranian

s'iks. learn; s'iks.an.a act of learning; in cmpd. teaching; s'iks.a_ punishment (Sanskrit) [sk]

sikha learning (Sindhi_); sikkh advice (Punja_bi_); si_kh (Kumauni_); dekha-siki imitation (Nepa_li); sikha advice, instruction (Old Awadhi_); si_kh (Hindi_); si_kha advice (Old Gujara_ti_); si_kh punishment (Gujara_ti_); hik study (Sinhalese) [sk]

Quechua

siqullu // seqollo whip [q2]

sūkarį swine, boar /Sanskrit

Uralic

sig mount, mountain /Ugor
sika pig /Finnish

sertés pig, swine; sonka ham /Hungarian

Sumerian

sigga wild "mountain" boar; sah domestic pig

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

sūkarį swine, boar /Sanskrit

The origin of the Sanskrit is uncertain.

Basque

txerri (C); zerri(G,L,U); urde pig ('urde' is older than 'txerri/zerri')

s/u/pti- `shoulder' /Sanskrit [bd]

Uralic

csípő hip; something that pinches or is pinched together, waist /Hungarian

Officially, Hungarian csípő is thought to derive from csíp "to pinch". [Chong]

{Hungarian digraph /cs/ similar to English /ch/}

Sumerian

sabad (2,3) , sad2,3,4 , šab, sab hips, loins; middle [jh] < pinched together ( -ed =deverbal suffix like Hungarian -t)

zib (2) haunch etc. [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Semitic

*ŝa/ipu:l- ~ ŝapil- {} *sa/ipu:l- ~ *sapil- lower parts of body; thigh, legs; belly, stomach /Protoform [ss]

ŝapu:lu, ŝapullu 'upper or inner thigh' /Akkadian [ss]

*ŝVbVr- {} *ĉVbVr- buttocks, hind parts, small of the back /Protoform

ŝuburru 'buttocks, rectum, anus' /Akkadian [ss]

Cognate Set <Dolgopol'skij (1973) , p. 97 #1> [oi4]

Omotic

c#ubo hip /Kafa; c#'up'p'o calf /Mocha

Semitic

saarbaa calf /Tigre

Cushitic, East

sarba (pl. sarob) calf (leg) /Saho; sar(a)ba calf (leg) /Afar; sarba calf (leg) /Oromo

Cushitic, Agaw

harb (pl. harfu) calf /Bilin

Bedawiye, Beja

damba hip(-bone) calf

Ainu

cuporo belly [sm]
tap shoulder [sm]

Altaic

*si_ope rib, side /Altaic [ss]

*sabar 1 brisket with ribs 2 side /Turkic [ss]

*su"be- 1 side, flank 2 false rib /Mongolian [ss]

su"bege 1, su"bergen 2 /Written Mongolian; sube'e 'Lendenho"hlung, die Weichen' (SH) /Middle Mongolian; su"ve: 1, su"vreg 2 /Khalkha; su"we|: 'the two lower ribs' /Kalmuck [ss]

*subi- 1 false rib 2 rib gristles /Tungus [ss]

si.wi.na 1 /Negidal; sibexe 2 /Manzhu; hi.wi.na 1 /Even; suwin 1 /Evenki [ss]

*so:p inner side /Korean [ss]

so:p /Middle Korean [ss]

*s@\pa/ side /Japanese [ss]

s(w)o\ba/ /Old Japanese; so/ba /Tokyo [ss]

Tungus

dabsi shoulder, hip, hip bone, shoulder bone /Manchu [as]

Dravidian

it.uppu the hip (Malayalam)(DEDR 448) [sk]

cappai hips, haunch, shoulder blade; ceppu hip; appu thigh (Tamil); cappe the hip bone; jabbe the outer side of the thigh (Kannad.a); jabba shoulder, outer side of the thigh (Telugu); jabba shoulder (Parji); jaba, in: at.a jaba shoulder (Gondi); zeba id. (Kond.a) (DEDR 2339). [sk]

Indo-European

Albanian

cup; sup shoulder [bd]

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

s/u/pti- `shoulder' /Sanskrit [bd]

Muskogean/Eastern

ittabi leg, legs; lower legs; lap /Alabama [tm]

Yuki

so'-pus, s.op'is. shoulder2 [y84]
k'i·p , k'ip belly1, stomach [y84]
ch'ēp' belly3 [y84]

t.al move aside /Sanskrit; t.alati is disturbed (Dha_tup.); caus. t.a_layati /Sanskrit [sk]

Uralic

talicska, taliga (wheel) barrow /Hungarian
tol-ni to move, push, shove /Hungarian
tol-ong to push, shove; tol-ong-ás pushing crowd, press, throng /Hungarian

Sumerian

du7 to but, gore, toss,etc; -ag make,do suffix > ong

Sino-Tibetan

*dho:>[l] ( ~ -u>-) push /Sino-Tibetan [ss]

Chinese "push, push away" [ss]
tui Modern (Beijing) < thoj Middle Chinese < thu:j Old Chinese [ss]

twanh to shove, push, impel. /Burmese; (H) don to reach forth. /Kachin; ta/l to take away or off as pot off the fire; to dismiss (from presence), to discharge (from service), to send away /Lepcha [ss]

Altaic

*t`o:lV to prop, push /Altaic [ss]

*Tul- to push, collide /Turkic
*tula- to prop, lean on; to hit, fight /Mongolian
*to:lga- 1 to stop 2 to collide /Tungus [ss]

Yukaghir [emas]

t'ulha- push

Dravidian

*tal.- to push off, remove /Dravidian [ss]

tel.ikka to drive cattle with shouts /Malayalam; tal.l.u (tal.l.i-) to be lost, to fail (Kur-al.,290); to stagger, reel, stumble (Tiv. Periya_r... 2,10,6); to push, force forward, shove away, expel; to reject, disapprove (Tiruva_lava_. 57,22); to neglect (Tan.ikaippu. Kal.avu. 499); to press down (Kampara_. Ula_vi. 4); to turn over, turn back as the leaves of a book; to pass as one's days; to dismiss; be removed, be lost, fail; to incite, stimulate (Kampara_. Campa_. 54); n. pushing, rejecting /Tamil; tal.l.uka to push, thrust, reject, cast off; tal.l.al pushing, rejection /Malayalam; tal.- (tayl.-) to push, outcaste (Ko.); tol.- (tol.y-) to push /Toda; tal.l.u thrust, push /Malayalam; tal.l.u to push, shove away, thrust, drive, throw, reject, dismiss, heave; n. pushing etc. /Kannad.a; talluni, tal.l.uni to push in, press through /Tulu; tala~gu (allomorph tala-), talgu, talu~gu to be lost or removed; remove; way to be cleared of crowds /Telugu tal.l.u to be removed /Kannad.a; tal. id. (Ta.Tinn.); tal.l.uka id. /Malayalam; tal.l.i-vai-ttal to remove a little further off, shift; tal.l.u-p-pul.l.u scuffle; pushing and pulling; tal.l.u-mul.l.u id.; tal.l.u-mel.l.u id.; tal.l.ur-u-tal to be rejected, removed; to be in distress (Kampara_. Ma_ya_ci_. 94)(Tamil lex.) [sk]

Indo-European

Slavic

taljige peasant cart; vehicle, one horse carriage /Serbo-Croatian
tlačenica jostle /Slovak

Anatolian

*tu:liya- `assembly' /Cuneiform Luvian lexicon [hcm1]

Indo-Iranian

Iranian

telank (n.) push, shove /Baluchi [mab]
telank d∂y∂g to push, shove, drive; telank v∂r∂g to be pushed, shoved /Baluchi [mab]

taR-w-telank (n.) shove-and-push: jostling, shoving and pushing /Baluchi [mab]
taR-w-telank d∂y∂g to jostle, shove and push /Baluchi [mab]
taR-w-telank v∂r∂g to be jostled, be shoved and pushed /Baluchi [mab]

tálan a push. {Tálan deagh, to push} /N. Baluchi [mld]
telán a push, shove. Si. thelho /N. Baluchi [mld]

IndoAryan

t.al move aside /Sanskrit; t.alati is disturbed (Dha_tup.); caus. t.a_layati /Sanskrit [sk]

Muskogean/Eastern

tiiłi to push gently with the elbow or shoulder, nudge /Alabama [tm]

Usage: Older word [tm]

tij [orig. *stig] be sharp /Sanskrit

Uralic

tera ax, cut, sharp, point, stabing sword /Uralic

tû needle; töv-is thorn; tör stabbing-sword /Hungarian
dár-da lance/Hungarian

Sumerian

ti arrow, rib; ti-bir carving knife

Altaic

tir arrow/Turk Osm

Indo-European

Italic

in-stīgāre prick on /Latin

Germanic

stick to pierce/English

tú but, on the other hand /Sanskrit

Uralic

da and, but /Erzya; tõ but /Vaddja [fv]
de but, yet, however /Hungarian

Hungarian de is of unknown origin. [Chong]

Altaic

Turkic

çe but /Khakas [kl]

Indo-European

Germanic

thô, dô, av. and cj. then, therefore, but, whilst; thôde = thô + de weakened form of thâr. /OHG; thoh, doh, av. and cj. yet, also, however, although. /Old High German

Slavic

te and, also, besides, then /Serbo-Croatian

Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan

tú but, on the other hand /Sanskrit

uccá lofty; uccāķs (adv.) high of sound, loud /Sanskrit

aga-ncs antlers /Hungarian

Uralic

The horns of a stag were often worn by shamans as a crown [hh96]

Sumerian

aga (3) diadem, circlet, crown (of legitimate kingship); turban [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Cognate Set <brb9167> [oi4]

iggi upper part /Berber

Altaic

*iu/gu up, above /Altaic [ss]

*ju"g- / *jog- up, above /Turkic [ss]

ju"geru" /Old Turkic [ss]

*o"g|e- upwards /Mongolian [ss]

o"gede /Written Mongolian; o'e-de /Middle Mongolian [ss]
o":d /Khalkha; o":d@ /Kalmuck; we:d /Dagur [ss]

*ug-i: above, up /Tungus [ss]

uvi- ~ ug|i- /Negidal; ve-si- /Manzhu; uwu-j /Nanai; uji- /Ulcha; ui, uwu /Orok; wi-si /Zhurzhen; o"g|ú- /Even; ug|i: /Evenki [ss]

*u\(h) up, above /Korean [ss]

wi /Modern Korean; u\(h) /Middle Korean [ss]

*u/-pa- up, above /Japanese [ss]

u/-pe /Old Japanese; ue/, u\e /Tokyo [ss]

Turkic

∫ah horn (of an animal); ∫ahly horned /Turkmen [glnp]

Dravidian

ucci crown of head, head, summit, zenith; ucca_n.i highest point, top, summit; ukkam head (Tamil); ucci crown of head; ucca_n.i highest point, summit, top (Malayalam); us'ky top of tree, zenith (Toda); ucci top or crown of head (Kannad.a,Tulu)(DEDR 579). [sk]

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian

uccá lofty; uccāķs (adv.) high of sound, loud /Sanskrit

ágas-kod- to rear up (horse); to stand on tip-toe /Hungarian
hág to climb up; hágó mountain pass /Hungarian
ug-or to spring, jump, leap (up); ug-rál, ug-rik to jump about /Hungarian

Uralic

Hungarian hág "ascend" derives from

*kanke- climb up /F.U.

Hungarian ug- "jump" is of unknown origin. [Chong]

Sumerian

kun 4,5 ladder, stairs [jh]

ugu- (prep.) upon, over, on top; after; comparative enhancer of adjectives [jh]

Afro-Asiatic

Egyptian

'hi to fly /Old Egyptian [cgj]

Cognate Set <Sasse (1979) , p. 39 #6> [oi4]

Cushitic, East

heg-, hog- erect(to be)/stand /Proto East Cushitic

hej- ej- erect(to be) stand /Oromo; hinj-i- lift /Somali; ogu rise /Saho

Niger-Congo (?)

éeg to climb /Wollof [pc2]
ekateku (v.) to be chipped, lift up and raised /Wollof [pc2]
ëkati (v.) to lift /Wollof [pc2]

jóg to arise, get up /Wollof [c2]
og to lift up (a garment) /Wollof [pc2]

Austric

eke to climb, to mount, to mount (a female for copulating), to surface (of fish), and by extension, to bite he eke te kahi the tuna bites. /Rapanui [anon]

ake- up, upward, to ascend /Anutan; uka, uta- towards mountains, inland /Polynesia; akyat- to rise, ascend /Tagalog; angkat- to lift /Indonesia; to be elevated /Ngaju-Dyak; ascent /Hova; atas, atat- above /Proto-Austronesian; ake- upward indicator /Polynesia; ata- up /Nakanai [pkm]

kake ascend /Moriori [mor]
eke, piki ake, pikitia, piki climb /Mäori [ua]

hoko to jump; to rock or swing in rhythm with the chants in festivals, as was the ancient custom; an ancient dance. /Rapanui [anon]

Austro-Asiatic

coga, coghe to climb up into or on (Santali.lex.) [sk]

Sino-Tibetan

Chinese meaning "to lift (heavy objects)"

gang 1 /Modern Chinese < ka.un /Middle Chinese < krōn /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese kō; ageru [ss]

Chinese meaning "to set up, lift up"

kang 4 /Modern Chinese < khaŋ /Middle Chinese < khāŋ-s /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese kō; gō; ageru; ataru; sakarau [ss]

Chinese meaning "to lift, raise"

ang 2 /Modern Chinese < nâŋ /Middle Chinese < nāŋ /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese gō; kō; agaru; ageru; aogu [ss]

Chinese meaning "to lift"

xian 1 /Modern Chinese < xăr /Middle Chinese < xar /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese ken; kon; kin; agaru; ageru [ss]

Chinese meaning "to rise, overcome"

teng /Modern Chinese < dAŋ /Middle Chinese < Łhāŋ /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese tō; agaru; ageru; noboru; noru [ss]

Chinese meaning "to lift, raise; set forth; display; swear, proclaim"

cheng 1 /Modern Chinese < c'hin /Middle Chinese < thaŋ /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese shō; hakaru; tonaeru; homeru; tataeru; ageru; kanau [ss]

Chinese meaning "to rise above, raise; carry through, achieve"

xiang 1 /modern Chinese < sjaŋ /Middle Chinese < snhaŋ /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese shō; sō; jō; noboru; ageru; harau; tasukeru [ss]

Chinese meaning "to rise, surge, start; to lift, promote"

ju 3 /Modern Chinese < kö' /Middle Chinese < kla? /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese kyo+; ageru+; agaru+ [ss]

Chinese meaning "to lift; curve up"

jiao 3 /Modern Chinese < kéw /Middle Chinese < k(r)aw? /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese kyō; ageru; agaru; mageru; magaru; tameru [ss]

Chinese meaning "falcon flag; bending upwards (of hair)"

yu 2 /Modern Chinese < jö /Middle Chinese < la /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese yo; hata; agaru; ageru [ss]

Chinese meaning "be precariously high"

qiao 2 /Modern Chinese < gjew /Middle Chinese < g(h)ew /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese kyō; gyō; ageru; tsumadateru [ss]

Chinese meaning "to jump"

yong 3 /Modern Chinese < jö'iŋ /Middle Chinese < loŋ /Old Chinese [ss]

c.f. Japanese yō; oduru; odori [ss]

Altaic

*oge to rise [ss] /Altaic [ss]

*i_a:gV (~ e:-, -k`-) to rise /Altaic [ss]

*ia:g-, *ia:g-na- 1 to rise, get up 2 to roll over, fall over 3 climb over /Turkic [ss]
*(h)aji-su- to come close to, come up to /Mongolian [ss]
*iaga- /Tungus [ss]
*a/nka/- 1 to raise 2 give /Japanese [ss]

a/ga/- 1 /Old Japanese; a\ge- 1, 2 /Tokyo [ss]

agari rise; ascent; ageru to raise, elevate, lift up /Japanese
okoru to rise, arise, spring up; okiru to get up; rise /Japanese
odoru to dance; jump, leap, spring /Japanese

Basque

igo (B,G,U), igon (B), igan (L,LN,Z) to climb, rise; to go up
jagi (B), jaiki (C) to get up, to rise; to rise up, to rebel
ega (B,G); hegal, hego (L,LN,Z,U) wing; hega-tu to fly

Caucasian

*=a":GV to stand up; to erect; high /North Caucasian [ss]

*=o:G|- / *=e:bG|- 1 to erect, plant 2 to sit /Nakh [ss]

=o:G|- /Chechen; =oG|- 1, =aG|- 2 /Ingush; =oG|- 1, =aG|- 2 /Batsbi [ss]

*=iG|- 1 to stand 2 auxiliary verb 3 to plant, erect /Andian [ss]

=oG|- (Anc.) 2 /Avar; =iG|- 1 /Andi; =eG|- 1 /Akhvakh; =iG|- 1 /Chamalal; =iG|- 1 /Tindi; =iG|- 1,3 /Karata; =iG|- 1,2 /Botlikh; =iG|- 1 Bagvalal; =iG|- 1 /Godoberi [ss]

*=o|x|- B to stand up /Tsezian [ss]

=u"x|- /Ginukh; =ah- /Khvarshi; =aG|-ic.- /Bezhita [ss]

*jaq:V- 1 high 2 long /Lezghian [ss]

jarG|i 1 /Lezghi; jaG|-li 1 /Tabasaran; ja?|aldi-l 1 /Agul; q:-aG|a 1 /Kryz; aqa 2 /Archi [ss]

*=HiqE: to rise, grow /North Caucasian [ss]

*=oq:- ( ~ -a-) 1 to stand up 2 to rise, grow 3 to raise /Andian [ss]

=aq:n- 1 /Avar; aq:- (Tseg.) 3 /Akhvakh; eq:n- 2 /Chamalal; =aq:- 2 /Karata [ss]

also see =aq:-a/r- 'to stand up (frequently)' /Avar [ss]

*=[y]x|:- tall, high, large /Tsezian [ss]

=ix|-iju /Tsezi; =yx|u /Inkhokvari [ss]

buIx|-t:ul-s:a high, tall /Lak [ss]

*=uq- to grow /Dargwa [ss]

=uq-es /Akusha [ss]

*?ix|:a- 1 to stand 2 to stand up /Lezghian [ss]

x|IyG|I-y=x|Ia- 1 /Rutul; x|:a- 2 /Archi [ss]

*q/:Ia ( ~ *q./Ia) to raise, to lift /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

?a-t@-n /Adyghe; ?a-t@-n /Circassian; q.a/-s/a- /Ubykh [ss]

*=Hix|V to fly /North Caucasian [ss]

liI=x|:a-n to fly /Lak [ss]
*?ix|I- to fly /Dargwa [ss]
*?ix|V to fly /Lezghian [ss]

*Ho>gV> to play; to dance; playful, silly /North Caucasian [ss]

*HVgV- playful, silly /Andian [ss]

ha/ga= /Avar [ss]

uk:a-n to play /Lak [ss]

*?ak:a- 1 to play 2 to dance /Lezghian [ss]

=iga- 2 /Rutul; a=ga- 1 /Tsakhur [ss]

*-gV- 1 to dance 2 silly, silly person /Abkhaz-Adyghe [ss]

a/ga 2 /Abkhaz; laga 2 /Abaza; w@z^|/@-n 1 /Adyghe; w@z^|@-n 1 /Circassian; w@g/- 1 /Ubykh [ss]

Dravidian

*ek- to climb; *eg- (*n-) to jump, fly /Dravidian [ss]

eHku-tal mount, climb, get up; uka (-pp-, -nt-) to ascend, rise, soar upward /Tamil; ekku to rise, increase, swell; egi, ege to rise, spring up, fly or bound; eguru, evuru to fly, jump up/ Telugu; ikattal to leap over, jump over/Tamil; ukal.i to jump, leap/Tamil; egarike jumping; egaru to rise; to fly; to jump /Kannad.a; egaru, eguru /Telugu; egarisu to cause to rise in the air or to fly; to cause to spring or jump /Kannad.a; ekayincu, egirincu /Telugu(Kannad.a lex.) [sk]

heg- (-it-) to climb (Kuwi); senga (sengi-) to climb; n. act of climbing; senger.i ladder (Kui)(DEDR 2752).[sk]

akai (-v-,-nt-) to flourish, sprout; (-pp-,-tt-) to sprout, raise; akaippu rising, elevation /Tamil; aka germ, bud, shoot /Malayaman; age seedling, shoot from the root of a plant or tree /Kannada; age paddy seedling /Koda; agge shoot of a branch /Tulu [bur]

Indo-European

Classical Greek [lsj1]

egeirô, Aeol. inf. egerrên Ep. impf. egeiron fut. egerô aor. êgeira I. Act., awaken, rouse 2. rouse, stir up 3. raise from the dead 4. raise, erect a building II. Pass., with pf. Act. egrêgora, wake 2. rouse or stir oneself, be excited by passion, etc III. intr. in Act., arouse oneself

Celtic

uachdar surface, summit /Gaelic, so Irish, Old Irish uachtar, ochtar: *ouktero-, root eu@g, ve@g, rise, be vigorous, as in uasal, q.v. Cf. Welsh uthr, admirandus [from mcb]

Mayan

Chorti [cw]

hach 'rising, raising up, increase, swelling up'
hachi 'raise, lift' (cl.1)
hachbah 'arise, raise itself, get up (as from bed), rise (as a stream), be erect, ascend (as smoke), sprout (as a plant)' (cl.3)

Quechua

huqariy, ugariy, sogariy, qoqariy (various dialects) to raise; to lift up [q2]

Yuki

kok'- (?) rise1; k'a'k rise2 [y84]
hák'i up4 top, north [y84]

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Additions in red were supplied by Fred Hámori

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Last updated 25 June 2008